Effects of Different Management Practices on Stand Composition and Species Diversity in Subtropical Forests in Nepal: Implications of Community Participation in Biodiversity Conservation

Journal of Sustainable Forestry

Volumn 34, Issue 8, 2015, Pages 738-760

  Paudel, Shishir ^a   Sah, Jay P ^b  

^a OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

community forest; forest management; forest structure; government forest; Shorea robusta; species richness

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; FORESTRY; TROPICS;

COMMUNITY FOREST; FOREST STRUCTURE; GOVERNMENT FOREST; SHOREA ROBUSTA; SPECIES RICHNESS;

REFORESTATION;

BIODIVERSITY; FOREST MANAGEMENT; LOCAL PARTICIPATION; MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; NATURE CONSERVATION; REGENERATION; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; STAND STRUCTURE; SUBTROPICAL REGION; SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY; TROPICAL FOREST;

NEPAL;

SHOREA ROBUSTA; TERMINALIA MYRIOCARPA;

EID: 84941174367     PISSN: 10549811     EISSN: 1540756X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2015.1036298     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. K.P.Acharya, (2002). Twenty-four years of community forestry in Nepal. International Forestry Review, 4, 149–156.
2. K.P.Acharya, (2004). Does community forests management supports biodiversity conservation? Evidences from two community forests from the mid hills of Nepal. Journal of Forest and Livelihood, 4, 44–54.
3. K.P.Acharya,, K.R.Goutam,, B.K.Acharya,, & G.Gautam, (2006). Participatory assessment of biodiversity conservation in community forestry in Nepal. Banko Janakari, 16, 46–56.
4. S.Adhikari,, T.Kingi,, & S.Ganesh, (2014). Incentives for community participation in the governance and management of common property resources: The case of community forest management in Nepal. Forest Policy and Economics, 44, 1–9.
5. J.C.Allen,, & D.F.Barnes, (1985). The causes of deforestation in developing countries. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 75, 163–184.
6. M.J.Anderson, (2006). Distance‐based tests for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions. Biometrics, 62, 245–253.
7. S.B.Bajracharya,, P.A.Furley,, & A.C.Newton, (2005). Effectiveness of community involvement in delivering conservation benefits to the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Environmental Conservation, 32, 239–247.
8. T.Banda,, M.W.Schwartz,, & T.Caro, (2006). Woody vegetation structure and composition along a protection gradient in a miombo ecosystem of western Tanzania. Forest Ecology and Management, 230, 179–185.
9. E.B.Barbier, (2004). Explaining agricultural land expansion and deforestation in developing countries. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 86, 1347–1353.
10. M.G.Barbour,, R.F.Fernau,, J.M.Benayas,, N.Jurjavcic,, & E.B.Royce, (1998). Tree regeneration following clearcut logging in red fir forests of California. Forest Ecology and Management, 104, 101–111.
11. J.J.Battles,, A.J.Shlisky,, R.H.Barrett,, R.C.Heald,, & B.H.Allen-Diaz, (2001). The effects of forest management on plant species diversity in a Sierran conifer forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 146, 211–222.
12. J.Bengtsson,, S.G.Nilsson,, A.Franc,, & P.Menozzi, (2000). Biodiversity, disturbances, ecosystem function and management of European forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 132, 39–50.
13. J.C.Birch,, I.Thapa,, A.Blamford,, R.B.Bradbury,, C.Brown,, S.H.M.Butchart,, … D.H.L.Thomas, (2014). What benefits do community forest provide, and to whom? A rapid assessment of ecosystem services from a Himalayan forest, Nepal. Ecosystem Services, 8, 118–127.
14. P.Blaikie, (2006). Is small really beautiful? Community-based natural resource management in Malawi and Botswana. World Development, 34, 1942–1957.
15. S.Boch,, D.Prati,, J.Müller,, S.Socher,, H.Baumbach,, F.Buscot,, … M.Fischer, (2013). High plant species richness indicates management-related disturbances rather than the conservation status of forests. Basic and Applied Ecology, 14, 496–505.
16. H.-N.Bouda,, P.Savadogo,, D.Tiveau,, & B.Ouedraogo, (2011). State, forest and community: Challenges of democratically decentralizing forest management in the centre-west region of Burkina Faso. Sustainable Development, 19, 275–288.
17. D.E.Bowler,, L.M.Buyung-Ali,, J.R.Healey,, J.P.Jones,, T.M.Knight,, & A.S.Pullin, (2011). Does community forest management provide global environmental benefits and improve local welfare? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 10, 29–36.
18. D.B.Bray,, L.Merino‐Pérez,, P.Negreros‐Castillo,, G.Segura‐Warnholtz,, J.M.Torres‐Rojo,, & H.F.Vester, (2003). Mexico’s community‐managed forests as a global model for sustainable landscapes. Conservation Biology, 17, 672–677.
19. D.Brown,, Y.Malla,, K.Schreckenberg,, & O.Springate-Baginski, (2002). From supervising ‘subjects’ to supporting ‘citizens’: Recent developments in community forestry in Asia and Africa. Retrieved from http://www.odi.org/publications/987-supervising-subjects-citizens-recent-developments-community-forestry-asia-africa
20. A.G.Bruner,, R.E.Gullison,, R.E.Rice,, & G.A.Da Fonseca, (2001). Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity. Science, 291, 125–128.
21. J.M.Carnus,, J.Parrotta,, E.Brockerhoff,, M.Arbez,, H.Jactel,, A.Kremer,, … B.Walters, (2006). Planted forests and biodiversity. Journal of Forestry, 104, 65–77.
22. A.S.Carter,, & D.A.Gilmour, (1989). Increase in tree cover on private farm land in central Nepal. Mountain Research and Development, 9, 381–391.
23. S.Charnley,, & M.R.Poe, (2007). Community forestry in theory and practice: Where are we now? Annual Review of Anthropology, 36, 301–336.
24. R.K.Colwell, (2013). EstimateS: Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. Retrieved from http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/estimates
25. G.Decocq,, M.Aubert,, F.Dupont,, D.Alard,, R.Saguez,, A.Wattez-Franger,, … J.Bardat, (2004). Plant diversity in a managed temperate deciduous forest: Understorey response to two silvicultural systems. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41, 1065–1079.
26. E.P.Eckholm, (1975). The deterioration of mountain environments: Ecological stress in the highlands of Asia, Latin America, and Africa takes a mounting social toll. Science, 189, 764–770.
27. K.Ehrhardt-Martinez, (1998). Social determinants of deforestation in developing countries: A cross-national study. Social Forces, 77, 567–586.
28. J.A.Foley,, G.P.Asner,, M.H.Costa,, M.T.Coe,, R.DeFries,, H.K.Gibbs,, … P.Snyder, (2007). Amazonia revealed: Forest degradation and loss of ecosystem goods and services in the Amazon Basin. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5, 25–32.
29. A.P.Gautam,, G.P.Shivakoti,, & E.L.Webb, (2004). Forest cover change, physiography, local economy, and institutions in a mountain watershed in Nepal. Environmental Management, 33, 48–61.
30. A.P.Gautam,, E.L.Webb,, & A.Eiumnoh, (2002). GIS assessment of land use/land cover changes associated with community forestry implementation in the middle hills of Nepal. Mountain Research and Development, 22, 63–69.
31. Government of Nepal. (2010). Climatological records of Nepal 1995-2008. Kathmandu, Nepal: Government of Nepal, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology.
32. A.Gurung,, R.Bista,, R.Karki,, S.Shrestha,, D.Uprety,, & S.E.Oh, (2013). Community-based forest management and its role in improving forest conditions in Nepal. Small-scale Forestry, 12, 377–388.
33. R.J.Hobbs,, & L.F.Huenneke, (1992). Disturbance, diversity, and invasion: Implications for conservation. Conservation Biology, 6, 324–337.
34. International Forestry Resources and Institutions. (1996). IFRI data collection instruction manual (Version 7). Bloomington: Indiana University, International Forestry Resources and Institutions Research Program.
35. J.D.Ives, (2006). Himalayan perceptions: Environmental change and the well-being of mountain peoples (2nd ed.). Lalitpur, Nepal: Himalayan Association for the Advancement of Science.
36. G.Joshi,, & G.C.S.Negi, (2011). Quantification and valuation of forest ecosystem services in western Himalayan. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management, 7, 2–11.
37. Y.Kouba,, F.Martínez-García,, Á.de Frutos,, & C.L.Alados, (2014). Plant β-diversity in human-altered forest ecosystems: The importance of the structural, spatial, and topographical characteristics of stands in patterning plant species assemblages. European Journal of Forest Research, 133, 1057–1072.
38. J.Laurent-Lucchetti,, & M.Santugini, (2012). Ownership risk and the use of common-pool natural resources. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 63, 242–259.
39. B.Louman,, A.Fischlin,, P.Glück,, J.Innes,, A.Lucier,, J.Parrotta,, … A.Wreford, (2009). Forest ecosystem services: A cornerstone for human well-being. Retrieved from http://www.cifor.org/library/2779/forest-ecosystem-services-a-cornerstone-for-human-well-being/
40. Y.Malhi,, J.T.Roberts,, R.A.Betts,, T.J.Killeen,, W.Li,, & C.A.Nobre, (2008). Climate change, deforestation, and the fate of the Amazon. Science, 319, 169–172.
41. Y.B.Malla, (1997). Sustainable use of communal forests in Nepal. Journal of World Forest Resource Management, 8, 51–74.
42. I.E.Måren,, K.R.Bhattarai,, & R.P.Chaudhary, (2014). Forest ecosystem services and biodiversity in contrasting Himalayan forest management systems. Environmental Conservation, 41, 73–83.
43. P.R.Minchin, (1987). An evaluation of the relative robustness of techniques for ecological ordination. In I.C.Prentice & E.van der Maarel (Eds.), Theory and models in vegetation science (pp. 89–107). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
44. N.Mouquet,, & M.Loreau, (2003). Community patterns in source‐sink metacommunities. The American Naturalist, 162(5), 544–557.
45. N.Myers, (1997). The world’s forests and their ecosystem services. In G.Daily (Ed.), Nature’s services: Societal dependence on natural ecosystems (pp. 215–235). Washington, DC: Island Press.
46. R.R.Niraula,, H.Gilani,, B.K.Pokharel,, & F.M.Qamer, (2013). Measuring impacts of community forestry program through repeat photography and satellite remote sensing in the Dolakha District of Nepal. Journal of Environmental Management, 126, 20–29.
47. T.Økland,, K.Rydgren,, R.H.Økland,, K.O.Storaunet,, & J.Rolstad, (2003). Variation in environmental conditions, understorey species number, abundance and composition among natural and managed Picea abies forest stands. Forest Ecology and Management, 177, 17–37.
48. J.Oksanen, (2013, February 8). Multivariate analysis of ecological communities in R: Vegan tutorial. Retrieved from http://cc.oulu.fi/˜jarioksa/opetus/metodi/vegantutor.pdf
49. Y.Paillet,, L.Berges,, J.Hjalten,, P.Odor,, C.Avon,, M.Bernhardit-Romermann,, … R.Virtanen, (2010). Biodiversity differences between managed and unmanaged forests: Meta-analysis of species richness in Europe. Conservation Biology, 24, 101–112.
50. S.S.Pandey,, G.Cockfield,, & T.N.Maraseni, (2013). Major drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries and REDD+. International Journal of Forest Usufructs Management, 14, 99–107.
51. S.S.Pandey,, T.N.Maraseni,, G.Cockfield,, & K.Gerhard, (2014). Tree species diversity in community managed and national park forests in mid-hills of central Nepal. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 33, 796–813.
52. S.Paudel,, & J.P.Sah, (2003). Physiochemical characteristics of soil in tropical sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) forests in eastern Nepal. Himalayan Journal of Sciences, 1, 107–110.
53. S.Paudel,, & O.R.Vetaas, (2014). Effects of topography and land use on woody plant species composition and beta diversity in an arid trans-Himalayan landscape, Nepal. Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 1112–1122.
54. D.W.Pearce, (2001). The economic value of forest ecosystems. Ecosystem Health, 7, 284–296.
55. K.Pinyopusarerk,, T.T.H.Tran,, & V.D.Tran, (2014). Making community forest management work in northern Vietnam by pioneering participatory action. Land Use Policy, 38, 257–263.
56. O.Polunin,, & A.Stainton, (1984). Flowers of the Himalaya. Oxford University Press.
57. L.Porter-Bolland,, E.A.Ellis,, M.R.Guariguata,, I.Ruiz-Mallén,, S.Negrete-Yankelevich,, & V.Reyes-García, (2012). Community managed forests and forest protected areas: An assessment of their conservation effectiveness across the tropics. Forest Ecology and Management, 268, 6–17.
58. N.R.Poudel,, N.Fuwa,, & K.Otsuka, (2014). The impacts of a community forestry program on forest conditions, management intensity and revenue generation in the Dang District of Nepal. Retrieved from http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/ngidpaper/13-24.htm
59. J.R.Press,, K.K.Shrestha,, & D.A.Sutton, (2000). Annotated checklist of the flowering plants of Nepal. London, United Kingdom: Natural History Museum Publications.
60. R Development Core Team. (2008). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org/
61. V.S.Rawat,, A.Tewar,, & Y.S.Rawat, (2011). Local level community forest management an effective tool in conserving forest biodiversity. Russian Journal of Ecology, 42, 388–394.
62. M.R.Roberts,, & F.S.Gilliam, (1995). Patterns and mechanisms of plant diversity in forested ecosystems: Implications for forest management. Ecological Applications, 5, 969–977.
63. S.Saha, (2003). Patterns in woody species diversity, richness and partitioning of diversity in forest communities of tropical deciduous forest biome. Ecography, 26, 80–86.
64. I.P.Sapkota,, M.Tigabu,, & P.C.Odén, (2009). Spatial distribution, advanced regeneration and stand structure of Nepalese sal (Shorea robusta) forests subject to disturbances of different intensities. Forest Ecology and Management, 257, 1966–1975.
65. G.Shahabuddin,, & M.Rao, (2010). Do community-conserved areas effectively conserve biological diversity? Global insights and the Indian context. Biological Conservation, 143, 2926–2936.
66. R.Shrestha,, S.B.Karmacharya,, & P.K.Jha, (2000). Vegetation analysis if natural and degraded forests in Chitrepani in Siwalik region of central Nepal. Tropical Ecology, 41, 111–114.
67. U.B.Shrestha,, B.B.Shrestha,, & S.Shrestha, (2010). Biodiversity conservation in community forests of Nepal: Rhetoric and reality. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 2, 98–104.
68. J.Siitonen, (2001). Forest management, coarse woody debris and saproxylic organisms: Fennoscandian boreal forests as an example. Ecological Bulletins, 49, 11–41.
69. T.Sitzia,, G.Trentanovi,, M.Dainese,, G.Gobbo,, E.Lingua,, & M.Sommacal, (2012). Stand structure and plant species diversity in managed and abandoned silver fir mature woodlands. Forest Ecology and Management, 270, 232–238.
70. A.Soltani,, & T.Eid, (2013). Organization, practices and performance of community-based traditional forest management—Empirical evidence from Zagros, Iran. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods, 22, 19–37.
71. O.Springate-Baginski,, O.P.Dev,, N.P.Yadav,, & J.Soussan, (2003). Community forest management in the middle hills of Nepal: The changing context. Journal of Forest and Livelihood, 3, 5–20.
72. J.D.A.Stainton, (1972). Forests of Nepal. London, United Kingdom: John Murray.
73. B.P.Subedi, (1991). International migration in Nepal: Towards an analytical framework. Contributions to Nepalese Studies, 18, 83–102.
74. The Plant List. (2010). The Plant List: A working list of all plant species (Version 1). Retrieved from http://www.theplantlist.org
75. I.D.Thompson,, K.Okabe,, J.M.Tulianakis,, P.Kumar,, E.G.Brockerhoff,, N.A.Schellhorn,, … R.Nasu, (2011). Forest biodiversity and the delivery of ecosystem goods and services: Translating science into policy. Bioscience, 61, 972–981.
76. C.A.Thoms, (2008). Community control of resources and the challenge of improving local livelihoods: A critical examination of community forestry in Nepal. Geoforum, 39, 1452–1465.
77. N.Timilsina,, M.S.Ross,, & J.T.Heinen, (2007). A community analysis of sal (Shorea robusta) forests in the western Terai of Nepal. Forest Ecology and Management, 241, 223–234.
78. G.Varughese,, & E.Ostrom, (2001). The contested role of heterogeneity in collective action: Some evidence from community forestry in Nepal. World Development, 29, 747–765.
79. D.L.Zhai,, C.H.Cannon,, Z.C.Dai,, C.P.Zhang,, & J.C.Xu, (2015). Deforestation and fragmentation of natural forests in the upper Changhua watershed, Hainan, China: Implications for biodiversity conservation. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(1), 4137. doi:10.1007/s10661-014-4137-3