Joint trajectories of cognitive functioning and challenging behavior for persons living with dementia in long-term care

Psychology and Aging

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 712-726

  Robitaille, Annie ^a,b   Garcia, Linda ^a,b   McIntosh, Cameron ^c  

^a BRUYÈRE RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

^c Bruyére Research Institute ^*  (Canada)

Author keywords

Challenging behaviors; Cognition; Dementia; Long term care; Longitudinal analysis; Multivariate latent growth curve models

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; CHALLENGING BEHAVIOR; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DEMENTIA; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; LONG TERM CARE; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING; TREND STUDY; AGGRESSION; COMPLICATION; PROBLEM BEHAVIOR; PSYCHOLOGY; VERY ELDERLY;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGGRESSION; COGNITION; COGNITION DISORDERS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEMENTIA; FEMALE; HUMANS; LONG-TERM CARE; MALE; PROBLEM BEHAVIOR;

EID: 84940896835     PISSN: 08827974     EISSN: 19391498     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0039333     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Aarsland, D., Cummings, J. L., Yenner, G., & Miller, B. (1996). Relationship of aggressive behavior to other neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 243-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.2.243
2. Algase, D. L., Beck, C., Kolanowski, A., Whall, A., Berent, S., Richards, K., & Beattie, E. (1996). Need-driven dementia-compromised behavior: An alternative view of disruptive behavior. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 11, 10-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153331759601100603
3. Allen-Burge, R., Stevens, A. B., & Burgio, L. D. (1999). Effective behavioral interventions for decreasing dementia-related challenging behavior in nursing homes. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14, 213-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(199903)14: 3_213::AID-GPS974_3.0.CO;2-0
4. Alzheimer's Disease International (2009). World Alzheimer report 2009 London,UK:Author. Retrieved from http://www.alz.co.uk/research/files/ WorldAlzheimerReport.pdf
5. Anumendem, D. N., Verbeke, G., De Fraine, B., Onghena, P., & Van Damme, J. (2013). Double serial correlation for multilevel growth curve models. Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, 47, 1413-1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-011-9598-7
6. Beck, C., Frank, L., Chumbler, N. R., O'Sullivan, P., Vogelpohl, T. S., Rasin, J., . . . Baldwin, B. (1998). Correlates of disruptive behavior in severely cognitively impaired nursing home residents. The Gerontologist, 38, 189-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/38.2.189
7. Bernick, C., Cummings, J., Raman, R., Sun, X., & Aisen, P. (2012). Age and rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: Implications for clinical trials. Archives of Neurology, 69, 901-905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2011.3758
8. Brodaty, H., & Arasaratnam, C. (2012). Meta-analysis of nonpharmacological interventions for neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 946-953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11101529
9. Burrows, A. B., Morris, J. N., Simon, S. E., Hirdes, J. P., & Phillips, C. (2000). Development of a minimum data set-based depression rating scale for use in nursing homes. Age and Ageing, 29, 165-172. http://dx .doi.org/10.1093/ageing/29.2.165
10. Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI). (2011). Home and continuing care: Continuing Care Reporting System. Ottawa, ON, Canada: Author. Retrieved from http://www.cihi.ca/CIHI-ext-portal/pdf/internet/CCRS_INFO2012_PDF_EN
11. Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI). (2012). Data quality documentation, Continuing Care Reporting System, 2011-2012. Ottawa, ON, Canada: Author. Retrieved from https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/CCRS_DQ_Report_2011-2012_EN.pdf
12. Cassie, K. M. (2012). A multilevel analysis of aggressive behaviors among nursing home residents. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 55, 708-720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2012.703764
13. Cohen-Mansfield, J., & Libin, A. (2005). Verbal and physical nonaggressive agitated behaviors in elderly persons with dementia: Robustness of syndromes. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 39, 325-332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.08.009
14. Cohen-Mansfield, J., Marx, M. S., & Werner, P. (1992). Agitation in elderly persons: An integrative report of findings in a nursing home. International Psychogeriatrics, 4, 221-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1041610292001285
15. Cohen-Mansfield, J., Thein, K., Marx, M. S., Dakheel-Ali, M., Murad, H., & Freedman, L. S. (2012). The relationships of environment and personal characteristics to agitated behaviors in nursing home residents with dementia. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 73, 392-399. http://dx.doi .org/10.4088/JCP.10m06605
16. Cohen-Mansfield, J., & Werner, P. (1998). Predictors of aggressive behaviors: A longitudinal study in senior day care centers. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 53B, P300-P310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/53B.5.P300
17. Cole, D. A., Ciesla, J. A., & Steiger, J. H. (2007). The insidious effects of failing to include design-driven correlated residuals in latent-variable covariance structure analysis. Psychological Methods, 12, 381-398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.12.4.381
18. Cotelli, M., Manenti, R., Zanetti, O., & Miniussi, C. (2012). Nonpharmacological intervention for memory decline. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 46.
19. DeYoung, S., Just, G., & Harrison, R. (2002). Decreasing aggressive, agitated, or disruptive behavior: Participation in a behavior management unit. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 28, 22-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0098-9134-20020601-08
20. Draper, B., Snowdon, J., Meares, S., Turner, J., Gonski, P., McMinn, B., . . . Luscombe, G. (2000). Case-controlled study of nursing home residents referred for treatment of vocally disruptive behavior. International Psychogeriatrics, 12, 333-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1041610200006438
21. Dupuis, S. L., & Wiersma, E. (2008). Meanings of responsive behaviours: Staff member's perspectives and experiences: Final report prepared for the Alzheimer Society of Canada and the Canadian Nursing Foundation. Waterloo, ON, Canada: Murray Alzheimer Research and Education Program.
22. Dwyer, M., & Byrne, G. J. A. (2000). Disruptive vocalization and depression in older nursing home residents. International Psychogeriatrics, 12, 463-471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S104161020000658X
23. Eastley, R., & Wilcock, G. K. (1997). Prevalence and correlates of aggressive behaviours occurring in patients with Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 12, 484-487.
24. Frisoni, G. B., Pievani, M., Testa, C., Sabattoli, F., Bresciani, L., Bonetti, M., . . . Thompson, P. M. (2007). The topography of grey matter involvement in early and late onset Alzheimer's disease. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 130, 720-730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awl377
25. Graham, S. E., Singer, J. D., & Willett, J. B. (2009). Longitudinal data analysis. In A. Maydeu-Olivares & R. Millsap (Eds.), Handbook of quantitative methods in psychology (pp. 615-636). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9780857020994.n25
26. Grimm, K. J., & Ram, N. (2009). Nonlinear growth models in Mplus and SAS. Structural Equation Modeling, 16, 676-701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705510903206055
27. Grimm, K. J., Ram, N., & Hamagami, F. (2011). Nonlinear growth curves in developmental research. Child Development, 82, 1357-1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01630.x Grimm, K. J., & Widaman, K. F. (2010). Residual structures in latent growth curve modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 17, 424-442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2010.489006
28. Grimm, K. J., & Widaman, K. F. (2010). Residual structures in latent growth curve modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 17, 424-442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2010.489006
29. Hall, K. A., & O'Connor, D. W. (2004). Correlates of aggressive behavior in dementia. International Psychogeriatrics, 16, 141-158. http://dx.doi .org/10.1017/S1041610204000286
30. Hamaker, E. L. (2005). Conditions for the equivalence of the autoregressive latent trajectory model and a latent growth curve model with autoregressive disturbances. Sociological Methods & Research, 33, 404-416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124104270220
31. Handels, R. L. H., Xu, W., Rizzuto, D., Caracciolo, B., Wang, R., Winblad, B., . . . Wimo, A. (2013). Natural progression model of cognition and physical functioning among people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 37, 357-365.
32. Hartmaier, S. L., Sloane, P. D., Guess, H. A., Koch, G. G., Mitchell, C. M., & Phillips, C. D. (1995). Validation of the Minimum Data Set Cognitive Performance Scale: Agreement with the Mini-Mental State Examination. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 50A, M128-M133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/50A.2.M128
33. Haupt, M., & Kurz, A. (1993). Predictors of nursing home placement in patients with Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 8, 741-746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.930080906
34. Hirdes, J. P., Frijters, D. H., & Teare, G. F. (2003). The MDS-CHESS scale: A new measure to predict mortality in institutionalized older people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51, 96-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-5215.2002.51017.x
35. Hofer, S. M., Gray, K. M., Piccinin, A. M., Mackinnon, A., Bontempo, D. E., Einfeld, S. L., . . . Tonge, B. J. (2009). Correlated and coupled within-person change in emotional and behavioral disturbance in individuals with intellectual disability. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 114, 307-321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-114.5.307
36. Hoffman, L. (2015). Longitudinal analysis: Modeling within-person fluctuation and change. New York, NY: Routledge Academic.
37. Holland, D., Desikan, R. S., Dale, A. M., & McEvoy, L. K. (2012). Rates of decline in Alzheimer disease decrease with age. PLoS ONE, 7, e42325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042325
38. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
39. Hua, X., Hibar, D. P., Lee, S., Toga, A. W., Jack, C. R., Jr., Weiner, M. W., . . . Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. (2010). Sex and age differences in atrophic rates: An ADNI study with n_1368 MRI scans. Neurobiology of Aging, 31, 1463-1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j .neurobiolaging.2010.04.033
40. Jackson, M. E., Drugovich, M. L., Fretwell, M. D., Spector, W. D., Sternberg, J., & Rosenstein, R. B. (1989). Prevalence and correlates of disruptive behavior in the nursing home. Journal of Aging and Health, 1, 349-369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089826438900100305
41. Knopman, D. S., Berg, J. D., Thomas, R., Grundman, M., Thal, L. J., & Sano, M. (1999). Nursing home placement is related to dementia progression: Experience from a clinical trial. Neurology, 52, 714-718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.52.4.714
42. Kolenikov, S. (2011). Biases of parameter estimates in misspecified structural equation models. Sociological Methodology, 41, 119-157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9531.2011.01236.x
43. Konishi, S., & Kitagawa, G. (2010). Information criteria and statistical modeling. New York, NY: Springer.
44. Krishnamoorthy, A., & Anderson, D. (2011). Managing challenging behaviour in older adults with dementia. Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry, 15, 20-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pnp.199
45. Leonard, R., Tinetti, M. E., Allore, H. G., & Drickamer, M. A. (2006). Potentially modifiable resident characteristics that are associated with physical or verbal aggression among nursing home residents with dementia. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 1295-1300. http://dx.doi .org/10.1001/archinte.166.12.1295
46. Majić, T., Pluta, J. P., Mell, T., Treusch, Y., Gutzmann, H., & Rapp, M. A. (2012). Correlates of agitation and depression in nursing home residents with dementia. International Psychogeriatrics, 24, 1779-1789. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1017/S104161021200066X
47. Martins, C. A., Oulhaj, A., de Jager, C. A., & Williams, J. H. (2005). APOE alleles predict the rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: A nonlinear model. Neurology, 65, 1888 -1893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000188871.74093.12
48. Menon, A. S., Gruber-Baldini, A. L., Hebel, J. R., Kaup, B., Loreck, D., Itkin Zimmerman, S., . . . Magaziner, J. (2001). Relationship between aggressive behaviors and depression among nursing home residents with dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16, 139-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1166(200102)16:2_139::AIDGPS284_3.0.CO;2-5
49. Miller, K. J., Siddarth, P., Gaines, J. M., Parrish, J. M., Ercoli, L. M., Marx, K., . . . Small, G. W. (2012). The memory fitness program: Cognitive effects of a healthy aging intervention. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20, 514 -523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e318227f821
50. Mittelman, M. S., Roth, D. L., Haley, W. E., & Zarit, S. H. (2004). Effects of a caregiver intervention on negative caregiver appraisals of behavior problems in patients with Alzheimer's disease: Results of a randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 59, P27-P34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/59.1.P27
51. Mohs, R. C., Schmeidler, J., & Aryan, M. (2000). Longitudinal studies of cognitive, functional and behavioural change in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Statistics in Medicine, 19, 1401-1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(20000615/30)19:11/12_1401::AIDSIM432_3.0.CO;2-X
52. Mor, V., Branco, K., Fleishman, J., Hawes, C., Phillips, C., Morris, J., & Fries, B. (1995). The structure of social engagement among nursing home residents. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 50B, P1-P8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/50B.1.P1
53. Morgan, R. O., Sail, K. R., Snow, A. L., Davila, J. A., Fouladi, N. N., & Kunik, M. E. (2013). Modeling causes of aggressive behavior in patients with dementia. The Gerontologist, 53, 738 -747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns129
54. Morris, J. N., Fries, B. E., Mehr, D. R., Hawes, C., Phillips, C., Mor, V., & Lipsitz, L. A. (1994). MDS Cognitive Performance Scale. Journal of Gerontology, 49, M174-M182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronj/49.4.M174
55. Morris, J. N., Fries, B. E., & Morris, S. A. (1999). Scaling ADLs within the MDS. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 54, M546-M553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/54.11.M546
56. Mungas, D., Weiler, P., Franzi, C., & Henry, R. (1989). Assessment of disruptive behavior associated with dementia: The Disruptive Behavior Rating Scales. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 2, 196-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089198878900200405
57. Muniz Terrera, G., Matthews, F., & Brayne, C. (2008). A comparison of parametric models for the investigation of the shape of cognitive change in the older population. BMC Neurology, 8, 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-8-16
58. Muthén, B. O., & Muthén, L. K. (1998 -2011). Mplus (Version 6.11) [Computer software]. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
59. Nilsson, K., Palmstierna, T., & Wistedt, B. (1988). Aggressive behavior in hospitalized psychogeriatric patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 78, 172-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06318.x
60. Norton, M. J., Allen, R. S., Snow, A. L., Hardin, J. M., & Burgio, L. D. (2010). Predictors of need-driven behaviors in nursing home residents with dementia and associated certified nursing assistant burden. Aging & Mental Health, 14, 303-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607860903167879
61. Norton, M. C., Clark, C., Fauth, E. B., Piercy, K. W., Pfister, R., Green, R. C., . . . Tschanz, J. T. (2013). Caregiver personality predicts rate of cognitive decline in a community sample of persons with Alzheimer's disease. The Cache County Dementia Progression Study. International Psychogeriatrics, 25, 1629 -1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1041610213001105
62. O'Donnell, B. F., Drachman, D. A., Barnes, H. J., Peterson, K. E., Swearer, J. M., & Lew, R. A. (1992). Incontinence and troublesome behaviors predict institutionalization in dementia. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 5, 45-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002383099200500108
63. Perlman, C. M., & Hirdes, J. P. (2008). The Aggressive Behavior Scale: A new scale to measure aggression based on the Minimum Data Set. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56, 2298-2303. http://dx .doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02048.x Preacher, K. J., Wichman, A. L., MacCallum, R. C., & Briggs, N. E. (2008). Latent growth curve modeling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
64. Preacher, K. J., Wichman, A. L., MacCallum, R. C., & Briggs, N. E. (2008). Latent growth curve modeling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
65. Robinson, K. M., Adkisson, P., & Weinrich, S. (2001). Problem behaviour, caregiver reactions, and impact among caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 36, 573-582. http://dx .doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.02010.x
66. Schreiner, A. S. (2001). Aggressive behaviors among demented nursing home residents in Japan. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16, 209-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1166(200102)16:2_209:: AID-GPS314_3.0.CO;2-9
67. Scocco, P., Rapattoni, M., & Fantoni, G. (2006). Nursing home institutionalization: A source of eustress or distress for the elderly? International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 281-287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.1453
68. Sliwinski, M., & Mogle, J. (2008). The multiple facets of change: Implications for modeling relationships in cognitive aging research. In S. M. Hofer & D. F. Alwin (Eds.), Handbook on cognitive aging: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 477-491). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
69. Snowden, J. S., Neary, D., & Mann, D. M. (2002). Frontotemporal dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 140-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.180.2.140
70. Snowden, M., McCormick, W., Russo, J., Srebnik, D., Comtois, K., Bowen, J., . . . Larson, E. B. (1999). Validity and responsiveness of the Minimum Data Set. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 47, 1000-1004.
71. Steele, C., Rovner, B., Chase, G. A., & Folstein, M. (1990). Psychiatric symptoms and nursing home placement of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 1049-1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.147.8.1049
72. Stern, Y., Liu, X., Albert, M., Brandt, J., Jacobs, D. M., Del Castillo-Castaneda, C., . . . Tsai, W.-Y. (1996). Application of a growth curve approach to modeling the progression of Alzheimer's disease. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 51A, M179-M184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/51A.4.M179
73. Talerico, K. A., Evans, L. K., & Strumpf, N. E. (2002). Mental health correlates of aggression in nursing home residents with dementia. The Gerontologist, 42, 169-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/42.2.169
74. Testad, I., Aasland, A. M., & Aarsland, D. (2007). Prevalence and correlates of disruptive behavior in patients in Norwegian nursing homes. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22, 916-921. http://dx .doi.org/10.1002/gps.1766
75. Vance, D. E., Burgio, L. D., Roth, D. L., Stevens, A. B., Fairchild, J. K., & Yurick, A. (2003). Predictors of agitation in nursing home residents. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58, P129-P137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.2.P129
76. Voyer, P., Verreault, R., Azizah, G. M., Desrosiers, J., Champoux, N., & Bédard, A. (2005). Prevalence of physical and verbal aggressive behaviours and associated factors among older adults in long-term care facilities. BMC Geriatrics, 5, 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-5-13
77. Whall, A. L., Colling, K. B., Kolanowski, A., Kim, H., Son Hong, G.-R., DeCicco, B., . . . Beck, C. (2008). Factors associated with aggressive behavior among nursing home residents with dementia. The Gerontologist, 48, 721-731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/48.6.721
78. Wilson, R. S., McCann, J. J., Li, Y., Aggarwal, N. T., Gilley, D. W., & Evans, D. A. (2007). Nursing home placement, day care use, and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 910-915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2007.164.6.910
79. World Health Organization & Alzheimer's Disease International. (2012). Dementia: A public health priority. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
80. Yu, L., Boyle, P., Wilson, R. S., Segawa, E., Leurgans, S., De Jager, P. L., & Bennett, D. A. (2012). A random change point model for cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Neuroepidemiology, 39, 73-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000339365
81. Yuan, K. H., & Bentler, P. M. (2000). Three likelihood-based methods for mean and covariance structure analysis with nonnormal missing data. Sociological Methodology, 30, 165-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0081-1750.00078