Roughening conjugated polymer surface for enhancing the charge collection efficiency of sequentially deposited polymer/fullerene photovoltaics

Polymers

Volumn 7, Issue 8, 2015, Pages 1497-1509

  Jang, Yoonhee ^a   Seo, Ji Won ^b   Seok, Jeesoo ^a   Lee, Jung Yong ^b   Kim, Kyungkon ^a  

^a Ewha Womans University   (South Korea)

^b Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Bilayer organic photovoltaics; Ordering agent; Organic photovoltaics; Sequential deposition

Indexed keywords

CHAINS; DEPOSITION; EFFICIENCY; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE ABSORPTION; ENERGY GAP; HETEROJUNCTIONS; LIGHT ABSORPTION; NANOTECHNOLOGY; SURFACE ROUGHNESS;

CHARGE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY; LIGHT ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC (OPV); ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE-2 ,5-DIYL); POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCIES; SEQUENTIAL DEPOSITION; THERMAL ANNEALING PROCESS;

CONJUGATED POLYMERS;

EID: 84940544174     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20734360     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/polym7081466     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Yu, G.; Gao, J.; Hummelen, J.C.; Wudl, F.; Heeger, A.J. Polymer photovoltaic cells: Enhanced efficiencies via a network of internal donor-acceptor heterojunctions. Science 1995, 270, 1789-1790. [CrossRef].
2. Kim, K.; Liu, J.; Namboothiry, M.A.; Carroll, D.L. Roles of donor and acceptor nanodomainsin 6% efficient thermally annealed polymer photovoltaics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90, 163511. [CrossRef].
3. Lee, J.K.; Ma, W.L.; Brabec, C.J.; Yuen, J.; Moon, J.S.; Kim, J.Y.; Lee, K.; Bazan, G.C.; Heeger, A.J. Processing additives for improved efficiency from bulk heterojunction solar cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 3619-3623. [CrossRef] [PubMed].
4. Ayzner, A.L.; Tassone, C.J.; Tolbert, S.H.; Schwartz, B.J. Reappraising the need for bulk heterojunctions in polymer-Fullerene photovoltaics: The role of carrier transport in all-solution-processed P3HT/PCBM bilayer solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. 2009, 113, 20050-20060. [CrossRef].
5. Lee, K.H.; Schwenn, P.E.; Smith, A.R.; Cavaye, H.; Shaw, P.E.; James, M.; Krueger, K.B.; Gentle, I.R.; Meredith, P.; Burn, P.L. Morphology of all-solution-processed "bilayer" organic solar cells. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 766-770. [CrossRef] [PubMed].
6. Osaka, I.; McCullough, D. Advances in molecular design and synthesis of regioregular polythiophenes. Acc. Chem. Res. 2008, 41, 1202-1214. [CrossRef] [PubMed].
7. Marrocchi, A.; Lanari, D.; Facchetti, A.; Vaccaro, L. Poly(3-hexylthiophene): Synthetic methodologies and properties in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 8457-8474. [CrossRef].
8. Vohra, V.; Arrighetti, G.; Barba, L.; Higashimine, K.; Porzio, W.; Murata, H. Enhanced vertical concentration gradient in rubbed P3HT:PCBM graded bilayer solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2012, 3, 1820-1823. [CrossRef].
9. Ayzner, A.L.; Doan, S.C.; TremoletdeVillers, B.; Schwartz, B.J. Ultrafast studies of exciton migration andpolaronformation in sequentially solution-processed conjugated polymer/fullerene quasi-bilayer photovoltaics. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2012, 3, 2281-2287. [CrossRef].
10. Zhang, G.; Huber, R.C.; Ferreira, A.S.; Boyd, S.D.; Luscombe, C.K.; Tolbert, S.H.; Schwartz, B.J. Crystallinity effects in sequentially processed and blend-cast bulk-heterojunction polymer/fullerene photovoltaics. J. Phys. Chem. 2014, 118, 18424-18435. [CrossRef].
11. Lee, K.H.; Zhang, Y.; Burn, P.L.; Gentle, I.R.; James, M.; Nelson, A.; Meredith, P. Correlation of diffusion and performance in sequentially processed P3HT/PCBM heterojunction films by time-resolvedneutron reflectometry. J. Mater. Chem. 2013, 1, 2593-2598.
12. Hawks, S.A.; Aguirre, J.C.; Schelhas, L.T.; Thompson, R.J.; Huber, R.C.; Ferreira, A.S.; Zhang, G.; Herzing, A.A.; Tolbert, S.H.; Schwartz, B.J. Comparing matched polymer:Fullerene solar cells made by solution-sequential processing and traditional blend casting: Nanoscale structure and device performance. J. Phys. Chem. 2014, 118, 17413-17425. [CrossRef].
13. Clulow, A.J.; Tao, C.; Lee, K.H.; Velusamy, M.; McEwan, J.A.; Shaw, P.E.; Yamada, N.L.; James, M.; Burn, P.L.; Gentle, I.R.; et al. Time-resolved neutron reflectometry and photovoltaic device studies on sequentially deposited PCDTBT-Fullerene layers. Langmuir 2014, 38, 11474-11484. [CrossRef] [PubMed].
14. Nardes, A.M.; Ayzner, A.L.; Hammond, S.R.; Ferguson, A.J.; Schwartz, B.J.; Kopidakis, N. Photoinduced charge carrier generation and decay in sequentially deposited polymer/fullerene layers: Bulk heterojunction vs. planar interface. J. Phys. Chem. 2012, 116, 7293-7305. [CrossRef].
15. Gadisa, A.; Tumbleston, J.R.; Ko, D.-H.; Aryal, M.; Lopez, R.; Samulski, E.T. The role of solvent and morphology on miscibility of methanofullerene and poly(3-hexylthiophene). Thin Solid Films 2012, 520, 5466-5471. [CrossRef].
16. Ramanathan, M.; MichaelKilbey, S., II; Ji, Q.; Hill, J.P.; Ariga, K. Materials self-assembly and fabrication in confined spaces. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 10389-10405. [CrossRef].
17. Xiong, K.; Hou, L.; Wu, M.; Huo, Y.; Mo, W.; Yuan, Y.; Sun, S.; Xu, W.; Wang, E. From spin coating to doctor blading: A systematic study on the photovoltaic performance of anisoindigo-based polymer. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2015, 132, 252-259. [CrossRef].
18. Guo, S.; Herzig, E.M.; Naumann, A.; Tainter, G.; Perlich, J.; Müller-Buschbaum, P. Influence of solvent and solvent additive on the morphology of PTB7 films probed via X-ray scattering. J. Phys. Chem. 2013, 118, 344-350. [CrossRef] [PubMed].
19. Beaujuge, P.M.; Fréchet, J.M. Molecular design and ordering effects in π-functional materials for transistor and solar cell applications. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 20009-20029. [CrossRef] [PubMed].
20. Hoven, C.V.; Dang, X.D.; Coffin, R.C.; Peet, J.; Nguyen, T.Q.; Bazan, G.C. Improved performance of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells through the reduction of phase separation via solvent additives. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, E63-E66. [CrossRef] [PubMed].
21. Wu, M.-C.; Lin, Y.-Y.; Chen, S.; Liao, H.-C.; Wu, Y.-J.; Chen, C.-W.; Chen, Y.-F.; Su, W.-F. Enhancing light absorption and carrier transport of P3HT by doping multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2009, 468, 64-68. [CrossRef].
22. Vanlaeke, P.; Swinnen, A.; Haeldermans, I.; Vanhoyland, G.; Aernouts, T.; Cheyns, D.; Deibel, C.; D'Haen, J.; Heremans, P.; Poortmans, J. P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells: Relation between morphology and electro-optical characteristics. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2006, 90, 2150-2158. [CrossRef].
23. Salim, T.;Wong, L.H.; Bräuer, B.; Kukreja, R.; Foo, Y.L.; Bao, Z.; Lam, Y.M. Solvent additives and their effects on blend morphologies of bulk heterojunctions. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 242-250. [CrossRef].
24. Sakai, J.; Taima, T.; Yamanari, T.; Yoshida, Y.; Fujii, A.; Ozaki, M. Pentacene: Fullerene multilayer-heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells fabricated by alternating evaporation method. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2010, 49, 032301. [CrossRef].
25. Heremans, P.; Cheyns, D.; Rand, B.P. Strategies for increasing the efficiency of heterojunction organic solar cells: Material selection and device architecture. Acc. Chem. Res. 2009, 42, 1740-1747. [CrossRef] [PubMed].
26. Slota, J.E.; He, X.; Huck, W.T. Controlling nanoscale morphology in polymer photovoltaic devices. Nano Today 2010, 5, 231-242. [CrossRef].
27. Erb, T.; Zhokhavets, U.; Gobsch, G.; Raleva, S.; Stühn, B.; Schilinsky, P.;Waldauf, C.; Brabec, C.J. Correlation between structural and optical properties of composite polymer/fullerene films for organic solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15, 1193-1196. [CrossRef].