What is the relationship between gestational age and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) levels?

Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

Volumn 100, Issue , 2015, Pages 5-11

  Baack, Michelle L ^a,b,c   Puumala, Susan E ^b,c   Messier, Stephen E ^a,b   Pritchett, Deborah K ^a   Harris, William S ^b,c,d  

^a Sanford Children's Hospital   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH DAKOTA   (United States)

^c SANFORD RESEARCH   (United States)

^d OmegaQuant Analytics   (United States)

Author keywords

Arachidonic acid; Docosahexaenoic acid; Essential fatty acids; Long chain polyunsaturated acids; Neonatal nutrition; Prematurity

Indexed keywords

ARACHIDONIC ACID; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; LIPID EMULSION; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID;

ARTICLE; DILUTION; DRIED BLOOD SPOT TESTING; EMULSION; FATTY ACID ANALYSIS; GESTATIONAL AGE; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; INFANT; PREGNANCY; PREMATURITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION; BLOOD; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; MALE; NEWBORN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

ARACHIDONIC ACID; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDS; FEMALE; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, PREMATURE; MALE;

EID: 84940438492     PISSN: 09523278     EISSN: 15322823     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.05.003     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Harris W.S., Baack M.L. Beyond building better brains: bridging the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) gap of prematurity. J. Perinatol. 2015, 35:1-7. official journal of the California Perinatal Association.
2. Martin C.R. Fatty acid requirements in preterm infants and their role in health and disease. Clin. Perinatol. 2014, 41:363-382.
3. O'Connor D.L., Hall R., Adamkin D., Auestad N., Castillo M., Connor W.E., et al. Growth and development in preterm infants fed long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 2001, 108:359-371.
4. Carlson S.E., Werkman S.H., Rhodes P.G., Tolley E.A. Visual-acuity development in healthy preterm infants: effect of marine-oil supplementation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1993, 58:35-42.
5. Birch E.E., Birch D.G., Hoffman D.R., Uauy R. Dietary essential fatty acid supply and visual acuity development. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1992, 33:3242-3253.
6. Clandinin M.T., Van Aerde J.E., Merkel K.L., Harris C.L., Springer M.A., Hansen J.W., et al. Growth and development of preterm infants fed infant formulas containing docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid. J. Pediatr. 2005, 146:461-468.
7. Makrides M., Gibson R.A., McPhee A.J., Collins C.T., Davis P.G., Doyle L.W., et al. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants fed high-dose docosahexaenoic acid: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009, 301:175-182. the journal of the American Medical Association.
8. Henriksen C., Haugholt K., Lindgren M., Aurvag A.K., Ronnestad A., Gronn M., et al. Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid. Pediatrics 2008, 121:1137-1145.
9. Westerberg A.C., Schei R., Henriksen C., Smith L., Veierod M.B., Drevon C.A., et al. Attention among very low birth weight infants following early supplementation with docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid. Acta Paediatr. 2011, 100:47-52.
10. Martin C.R., Dasilva D.A., Cluette-Brown J.E., Dimonda C., Hamill A., Bhutta A.Q., et al. Decreased postnatal docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid blood levels in premature infants are associated with neonatal morbidities. J. Pediatr. 2011, 159:743-749. e1-2.
11. Caplan M.S., Jilling T. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in intestinal inflammation and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Lipids 2001, 36:1053-1057.
12. Lu J., Jilling T., Li D., Caplan M.S. Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation alters proinflammatory gene expression and reduces the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in a neonatal rat model. Pediatr. Res. 2007, 61:427-432.
13. Ohtsuka Y., Okada K., Yamakawa Y., Ikuse T., Baba Y., Inage E., et al. Omega-3 fatty acids attenuate mucosal inflammation in premature rat pups. J. Pediatr. Surg. 2011, 46:489-495.
14. Carlson S.E., Montalto M.B., Ponder D.L., Werkman S.H., Korones S.B. Lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants fed a preterm formula with egg phospholipids. Pediatr. Res. 1998, 44:491-498.
15. Connor K.M., SanGiovanni J.P., Lofqvist C., Aderman C.M., Chen J., Higuchi A., et al. Increased dietary intake of omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces pathological retinal angiogenesis. Nat. Med. 2007, 13:868-873.
16. Pawlik D., Lauterbach R., Walczak M., Hurkala J., Sherman M.P. Fish-oil fat emulsion supplementation reduces the risk of retinopathy in very low birth weight infants: a prospective, randomized study. JPEN 2013, 38:711-716. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.
17. Beken S., Dilli D., Fettah N.D., Kabatas E.U., Zenciroglu A., Okumus N. The influence of fish-oil lipid emulsions on retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trial. Early Hum. Dev. 2014, 90:27-31.
18. Clandinin M.T. Brain development and assessing the supply of polyunsaturated fatty acid. Lipids 1999, 34:131-137.
19. Kuipers R.S., Luxwolda M.F., Offringa P.J., Boersma E.R., Dijck-Brouwer D.A., Muskiet F.A. Fetal intrauterine whole body linoleic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid contents and accretion rates. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 2012, 86:13-20.
20. Agostoni C., Marangoni F., Stival G., Gatelli I., Pinto F., Rise P., et al. Whole blood fatty acid composition differs in term versus mildly preterm infants: small versus matched appropriate for gestational age. Pediatr. Res. 2008, 64:298-302.
21. Sabel K.G., Lundqvist-Persson C., Bona E., Petzold M., Strandvik B. Fatty acid patterns early after premature birth, simultaneously analysed in mothers' food, breast milk and serum phospholipids of mothers and infants. Lipids Health Dis. 2009, 8:20.
22. Uauy R., Mena P., Wegher B., Nieto S., Salem N. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid formation in neonates: effect of gestational age and intrauterine growth. Pediatr. Res. 2000, 47:127-135.
23. Lapillonne A.J.C. Reevaluation of the DHA requirement for the premature infant. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 2009, 143-150.
24. Lapillonne A., Picaud J.C., Chirouze V., Goudable J., Reygrobellet B., Claris O., et al. The use of low-EPA fish oil for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation of preterm infants. Pediatr. Res. 2000, 48:835-841.
25. Lapillonne A., Brossard N., Claris O., Reygrobellet B., Salle B.L. Erythrocyte fatty acid composition in term infants fed human milk or a formula enriched with a low eicosapentanoic acid fish oil for 4 months. Eur. J. Pediatr. 2000, 159:49-53.
26. Georgieff M.K., Innis S.M. Controversial nutrients that potentially affect preterm neurodevelopment: essential fatty acids and iron. Pediatr. Res. 2005, 57:99R-103R.
27. Clandinin M.T., Chappell J.E., Heim T., Swyer P.R., Chance G.W. Fatty acid utilization in perinatal de novo synthesis of tissues. Early Hum. Dev. 1981, 5:355-366.
28. Cetin I., Giovannini N., Alvino G., Agostoni C., Riva E., Giovannini M., et al. Intrauterine growth restriction is associated with changes in polyunsaturated fatty acid fetal-maternal relationships. Pediatr. Res. 2002, 52:750-755.
29. Llanos A., Lin Y., Mena P., Salem N., Uauy R. Infants with intrauterine growth restriction have impaired formation of docosahexaenoic acid in early neonatal life: a stable isotope study. Pediatr. Res. 2005, 58:735-740.
30. Thomas B.A., Ghebremeskel K., Lowy C., Offley-Shore B., Crawford M.A. Plasma fatty acids of neonates born to mothers with and without gestational diabetes. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 2005, 72:335-341.
31. Araujo J.R., Correia-Branco A., Ramalho C., Keating E., Martel F. Gestational diabetes mellitus decreases placental uptake of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: involvement of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2013, 24:1741-1750.
32. Sarter B., Kelsey K.S., Schwartz T.A., Harris W.S. Blood docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in vegans: associations with age and gender and effects of an algal-derived omega-3 fatty acid supplement. Clin. Nutr. (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2014.
33. Johnston D.T., Deuster P.A., Harris W.S., Macrae H., Dretsch M.N. Red blood cell omega-3 fatty acid levels and neurocognitive performance in deployed U.S. Servicemembers. Nutr. Neurosci. 2013, 16:30-38.
34. Hall J.M., Lingenfelter P., Adams S.L., Lasser D., Hansen J.A., Bean M.A. Detection of maternal cells in human umbilical cord blood using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Blood 1995, 86:2829-2832.
35. Agostoni C., Galli C., Riva E., Rise P., Colombo C., Giovannini M., et al. Whole blood fatty acid composition at birth: from the maternal compartment to the infant. Clin. Nutr. 2011, 30:503-505.
36. Escolano-Margarit M.V., Campoy C., Ramirez-Tortosa M.C., Demmelmair H., Miranda M.T., Gil A., et al. Effects of fish oil supplementation on the fatty acid profile in erythrocyte membrane and plasma phospholipids of pregnant women and their offspring: a randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Nutr. 2013, 109:1647-1656.
37. Baack M.L., Norris A.W., Yao J., Colaizy T. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in US donor human milk: meeting the needs of premature infants?. J. Perinatol. 2012, 32:598-603. official journal of the California Perinatal Association.