Moderate threat causes longer lasting disruption to processing in anxious individuals

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Volumn 8, Issue AUG, 2014, Pages

  Forster, Sophie ^a   Nunez Elizalde, Anwar O ^a   Castle, Elizabeth ^a   Bishop, Sonia J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Amygdala; Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC); Anxiety; Attention; Distraction; Fusiform gyrus; Threat

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; ANTERIOR CINGULATE; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; ATTENTIONAL BIAS; DISTRACTIBILITY; DORSAL ANTERIOR CINGULATE; EMOTION; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; FUSIFORM GYRUS; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NEUROMODULATION; NORMAL HUMAN; RESPONSE TIME; TASK PERFORMANCE; THREAT; VISUAL STIMULATION; WORD RECOGNITION;

EID: 84940325034     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16625161     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00626     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Ansari, T. L., and Derakshan, N. (2011). The neural correlates of impaired inhibitory control in anxiety. Neuropsychologia 49, 1146-1153. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.01.019
2. Aron, A. R. (2011). From reactive to proactive and selective control: developing a richer model for stopping inappropriate responses. Biol. Psychiatry 69, 55-68. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.024
3. Ashburner, J., and Friston, K. J. (2005). Unified segmentation. Neuroimage 26, 839-851. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018
4. Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., and van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and non-anxious individuals: a meta-analytic study. Psychol. Bull. 133, 1-24. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1
5. Bishop, S. J. (2007). Neurocognitive mechanisms of anxiety: an integrative account. Trends Cogn. Sci. 11, 307-316. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2007.05.008
6. Bishop, S. J. (2008). Neural mechanisms underlying selective attention to threat. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1129, 141-152. doi: 10.1196/annals.1417.016
7. Bishop, S. J. (2009). Trait anxiety and impoverished prefrontal control of attention. Nat. Neurosci. 12, 92-98. doi: 10.1038/nn.2242
8. Bishop, S. J., Duncan, J., Brett, M., and Lawrence, A. (2004a). Prefrontal cortical function and anxiety: controlling attention to threat-related stimuli. Nat. Neurosci. 7, 184-188. doi: 10.1038/nn1173
9. Bishop, S. J, Duncan, J., and Lawrence, A. D. (2004b). State anxiety modulation of the amygdala response to unattended threat-related stimuli. J. Neurosci. 24, 10364-10368. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2550-04.2004
10. Bishop, S. J., Fossella, J., Croucher, C., and Duncan, J. (2008). COMT val 158 met genotype affects recruitment of neural mechanisms supporting fluid intelligence. Cereb. Cortex 18, 2132-2140. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhm240
11. Bishop, S. J., Jenkins, R., and Lawrence, A. (2007). The neural processing of task-irrelevant fearful faces: effects of perceptual load and individual differences in trait and state anxiety. Cereb. Cortex 17, 1595-1603. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhl070
12. Bradley, M. M., and Lang, P. J. (2007). "The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) in the study of emotion and attention, " in Handbook of Emotion Elicitation and Assessment, eds J. A. Coan and J. J. B. Allen (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 29-46.
13. Braver, T. S., Gray, J. R., and Burgess, G. C. (2007). "Explaining the many varieties of working memory variation: dual mechanisms of cognitive control, " in Variation in Working Memory, eds A. R. A. Conway, C. Jarrold, M. J. Kane, A. Miyake, and J. N. Towse (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 76-106.
14. Breiter, H. C., Etcoff, N. L., Whalen, P. J., Kennedy, W. A., Rauch, S. L., Buckner, R. L., et al. (1996). Response and habituation of the human amygdala during visual processing of facial expression. Neuron 17, 875-887. doi: 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80219-6
15. Brett, M., Anton, J. L., Valabregue, R., and Poline, J. B. (2002). Region of interest analysis using an SPM toolbox. Neuroimage 16(Suppl. 1), 1141.
16. Carp, J. (2011). Optimizing the order of operations for movement scrubbing: comment on Power et al. Neuroimage76, 436-438. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.061
17. Davis, M., Walker, D. L., Miles, L., and Grillon, C. (2010). Phasic vs sustained fear in rats and humans: role of the extended amygdala in fear versus anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology 35, 105-135. doi: 10.1038/npp.2009.109
18. Dolcos, F., and McCarthy, G. (2006). Brain systems mediating cognitive interference by emotional distraction. J. Neurosci. 26, 2072-2079. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5042-05.2006
19. Duncan, J., and Owen, A. M. (2000). Common regions of the human frontal lobe recruited by diverse cognitive demands. Trends Neurosci. 10, 475-483. doi: 10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01633-7
20. Ekman, P., and Friesen, W. V. (1976). Pictures of Facial Affect. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
21. Eysenck, M. W., MacLeod, C., and Mathews, A. (1987). Cognitive functioning and anxiety. Psychol. Res. 49, 189-195. doi: 10.1007/BF00308686
22. Fritz, M. S., and MacKinnon, D. P. (2007). Required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psychol. Sci. 18, 233-239. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x
23. Forster, S., Elizalde, A. O. N., Castle, E., and Bishop, S. J. (2013). Unraveling the anxious mind: anxiety, worry, and frontal engagement in sustained attention versus off-task processing. Cereb. Cortex doi: 10.1093/cercor/bht248[Epubaheadofprint].
24. Fox, E., Russo, R., Bowles, R., and Dutton, K. (2001). Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety? J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 130, 681-700. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.681
25. Gazzaley, A., Cooney, J. W., Rissman, J., and D'Esposito, M. (2005). Top-down suppression deficit underlies working memory impairment in normal aging. Nat. Neurosci. 8, 1298-1300. doi: 10.1038/nn1543
26. Glover, G. H. (1999). Deconvolution of impulse response in event-related BOLD fMRI. Neuroimage 9, 416-429. doi: 10.1006/nimg.1998.0419
27. Goutte, C., Nielsen, F. A., and Hansen, L. K. (2000). Modeling the hemodynamic response in fMRI using smooth FIR filters. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 19, 1188-1201. doi: 10.1109/42.897811
28. Grupe, D. W., and Nitschke, J. B. (2013). Uncertainty and anticipation in anxiety: an integrated neurobiological and psychological perspective. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 14, 488-501. doi: 10.1038/nrn3524
29. Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., and Chun, M. (1997). The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for the perception of faces. J. Neurosci. 17, 4302-4311.
30. Koster, E. H., Verschuere, B., Crombez, G., and Van Damme, S. (2005). Time-course of attention for threatening pictures in high and low trait anxiety. Behav. Res. Ther. 43, 1087-1098. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2004.08.004
31. LeDoux, J. E. (2000). Emotion circuits in the brain. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 23, 155-184. doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.155
32. Lee, E., Kang, J. I., Park, I. H., Kim, J. J., and An, S. K. (2008). Is a neutral face really evaluated as being emotionally neutral? Psychiatry Res. 157, 77-85. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.02.005
33. Lim, S. L., Padmala, S., and Pessoa, L. (2009). Segregating the significant from the mundane on a moment-to-moment basis via direct and indirect amygdala contributions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106, 16841-16846. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0904551106
34. Lim, S. L., and Pessoa, L. (2008). Affective learning increases sensitivity to graded emotional faces. Emotion 8, 96. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.8.1.96
35. MacLeod, C., and Mathews, A. (1988). Anxiety and the allocation of attention to threat. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 40, 653-670. doi: 10.1080/14640748808402292
36. MacLeod, C., and Mathews, A. (2012). Cognitive bias modification approaches to anxiety. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 8, 189-217. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143052
37. Mathews, A., Richards, A., and Eysenck, M. (1989). Interpretation of homophones related to threat in anxiety states. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 98, 31-34. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.98.1.31
38. Mogg, K., and Bradley, B. P. (1998). A cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety. Behav. Res. Ther. 36, 809-848. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00063-1
39. Morris, J. S., Frith, C. D., Perrett, D. I., Rowland, D., Young, A. W., Calder, A. J., et al. (1996). A differential neural response in the human amygdala to fearful and happy facial expressions Nature 383, 812-815. doi: 10.1038/383812a0
40. Most, S. B., Chun, M. M., Widders, D. M., and Zald, D. H. (2005). Attentional rubbernecking: cognitive control and personality in emotion-induced blindness. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 12, 654-661. doi: 10.3758/BF03196754
41. Most, S. B., and Wang, L. (2011). Dissociating spatial attention and awareness in emotion-induced blindness. Psychol. Sci. 22, 300-305. doi: 10.1177/0956797610397665
42. Ollinger, J. M., Shulman, G. L., and Corbetta, M. (2001). Separating processes within a trial in event-related functional MRI: I. The method. Neuroimage 13, 210-217. doi: 10.1006/nimg.2000.0710
43. Pessoa, L., McKenna, M., Gutierrez, E., and Ungerleider, L. G. (2002). Neural processing of emotional faces requires attention. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99, 11458-11463. doi: 10.1073/pnas.172403899
44. Power, J. D., Barnes, K. A., Snyder, A. Z., Schlaggar, B. L., and Petersen, S. E. (2012). Spurious but systematic correlations in functional connectivity MRI networks arise from subject motion. Neuroimage 59, 2142-2154. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.018
45. Reed, M. A., and Derryberry, D. (1995). Temperament and attention to positive and negative trait information. Pers. Individ. Dif. 18, 135-147. doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(94)00121-8
46. Richards, A., and Millwood, B. (1989). Colour-identification of differentially valenced words in anxiety. Cogn. Emot. 3, 171-176. doi: 10.1080/02699938908408078
47. Schuyler, B. S., Kral, T. R. A., Jacquart, J., Burghy, C. A., Weng, H. Y., Perlman, D. M., et al. (2014). Temporal dynamics of emotional responding: amygdala recovery predicts emotional traits. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 9, 176-181. doi: 10.1093/scan/nss131
48. Siegle, G. J., Steinhauer, S. R., Thase, M. E., Stenger, V. A., and Carter, C. S. (2002). Can't shake that feeling: event-related fMRI assessment of sustained amygdala activity in response to emotional information in depressed individuals. Biol. Psychiatry 51, 693-707. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01314-8
49. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, P. R., Vagg, P. R., and Jacobs, A. G. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc.
50. Stokes, M., Thompson, R., Nobre, A. C., and Duncan, J. (2009). Shape-specific preparatory activity mediates attention to targets in human visual cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106, 19569-19574. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0905306106
51. Vermeulen, N., Godefroid, J., and Mermillod, M. (2009). Emotional modulation of attention: fear increases but disgust reduces the attentional blink. PLoS ONE 4: e7924. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007924
52. Vuilleumier, P., Armony, J. L., Driver, J., and Dolan, R. J. (2001). Effects of attention and emotion on face processing in the human brain: an event-related fMRI study. Neuron 30, 829-841. doi: 10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00328-2
53. Wang, L., Kennedy, B. L., and Most, S. B. (2012). When emotion blinds: a spatiotemporal competition account of emotion-induced blindness. Front. Psychol. 3: 438. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00438
54. Whalen, P. J. (1998). Fear, vigilance, and ambiguity: initial neuroimaging studies of the human amygdala. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 7, 177-188. doi: 10.1111/1467-8721.ep10836912
55. Whalen, P. J. (2007). The uncertainty of it all. Trends Cogn. Sci. 11, 499-500. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2007.08.016
56. Whalen, P. J., Rauch, S. L., Etcoff, N. L., McInerney, S. C., Lee, M., and Jenike, M. A. (1998). Masked presentations of emotional facial expressions modulate amygdala activity without explicit knowledge. J. Neurosci. 18, 411-418.