Precision medicine in colorectal cancer: The molecular profile alters treatment strategies

Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 252-262

  Tran, Nguyen H ^a   Cavalcante, Ludmila L ^b   Lubner, Sam J ^b   Mulkerin, Daniel L ^b   Loconte, Noelle K ^b   Clipson, Linda ^c   Matkowskyj, Kristina A ^b   Deming, Dustin A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

BRAF; Cetuximab; KRAS; NRAS; Panitumumab; PIK3CA

Indexed keywords

B RAF KINASE; BEVACIZUMAB; CETUXIMAB; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; FLUOROURACIL; FOLINIC ACID; IRINOTECAN; K RAS PROTEIN; OXALIPLATIN; PANITUMUMAB; PIK3CA PROTEIN; TUMOR MARKER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

CANCER RESISTANCE; DRUG EFFICACY; EXON; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN; METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER; MOLECULARLY TARGETED THERAPY; ONCOGENE N RAS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

EID: 84940194038     PISSN: 17588340     EISSN: 17588359     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1758834015591952     Document Type: Review

References (43)

1. Abad A. Massuti B. Gravalos C. Escudero P. Guillen-Ponce C. Layos L. et al. (2014) Panitumumab plus FOLFOX-4 or panitumumab plus FOLFIRI in subjects with wild-type KRAS (exon 2) colorectal cancer and multiple or unresectable liver-limited metastases: data from the randomized, phase II PLANET study. Ann Oncol 25: ii7–ii18.
2. Advanced Colorectal Cancer Meta-Analysis Project (1992) Modulation of fluorouracil by leucovorin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: evidence in terms of response rate. J Clin Oncol 10: 896–903.
3. Allegra C. Jessup J. Somerfield M. Hamilton S. Hammond E. Hayes D. et al. (2009) American Society of Clinical Oncology provisional clinical opinion: testing for KRAS gene mutations in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma to predict response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody therapy. J Clin Oncol 27: 2091–2096.
4. Barault L. Veyrie N. Jooste V. Lecorre D. Chapusot C. Ferraz J. et al. (2008) Mutations in the RAS-MAPK, PI (3)K (phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase) signaling network correlate with poor survival in a population-based series of colon cancers. Int J Cancer 122: 2255–2259.
5. Benvenuti S. Sartore-Bianchi A. Di Nicolantonio F. Zanon C. Moroni M. Veronese S. et al. (2007) Oncogenic activation of the RAS / RAF signaling pathway impairs the response of metastatic colorectal cancers to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody therapies. Cancer Res 67: 2643–2648.
6. Bokemeyer C. Bondarenko I. Hartmann J. de Braud F. Schuch G. Zubel A. et al. (2011) Efficacy according to biomarker status of cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: the OPUS study. Ann Oncol 22: 1535–1546.
7. Bokemeyer C. van Cutsem E. Rougier P. Ciardiello F. Heeger S. Schlichting M. et al. (2012) Addition of cetuximab to chemotherapy as first-line treatment for KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: pooled analysis of the CRYSTAL and OPUS randomised clinical trials. Eur J Cancer 48: 1466–1475.
8. Ciardiello F. Lenz H. Kohne C. Heinemann V. Tejpar S. Esser R. et al. (2014) Effect of KRAS and NRAS mutational status on first-line treatment with FOLFIRI plus cetuximab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): New results from the CRYSTAL trial. J Clin Oncol 32(no 3 Suppl.): abstr LBA443.
9. Chiu J. Bedard P. Roehrl M. Serra S. Kryzanowska M. Knox J. et al. (2014) Molecular profiling of patients (pts) with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC): Princess Margaret Cancer Centre experience. J Clin Oncol 32(no 15 Suppl.): abstr 3572.
10. Davies H. Bignell G. Cox C. Stephens P. Edkins S. Clegg S. et al. (2002) Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature 417: 949–954.
11. de Gramont A. Figer A. Seymour M. Homerin M. Hmissi A. Cassidy J. et al. (2000) Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 18: 2938–2947.
12. de Roock W. Claes B. Bernasconi D. de Schutter J. Biesmans B. Fountzilas G. et al. (2010) Effects of KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, and PIK3CA mutations on the efficacy of cetuximab plus chemotherapy in chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective consortium analysis. Lancet Oncol 11: 753–762.
13. Di Fiore F. Blanchard F. Charbonnier F. Le Pessot F. Lamy A. Galais M. et al. (2007) Clinical relevance of KRAS mutation detection in metastatic colorectal cancer treated by Cetuximab plus chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 96: 1166–1169.
14. Di Nicolantonio F. Martini M. Molinari F. Sartore-Bianchi A. Arena S. Saletti P. et al. (2008) Wild-type BRAF is required for response to panitumumab or cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 26: 5705–5712.
15. Douillard J. Cunningham D. Roth A. Navarro M. James R. Karasek P. et al. (2000) Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet 355: 1041–1047.
16. Douillard J. Oliner K. Siena S. Tabernero J. Burkes R. Barugel M. et al. (2013) Panitumumab–FOLFOX4 treatment and RAS mutations in colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 369: 1023–1034.
17. European Science for Medical Oncology (ESMO) (2014) Optimal treatment strategy with anti-EGFR or anti-VEGF treatments in first-line RAS wild type metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Available at: http://www.esmo.org/Conferences/Past-Conferences/ESMO-2014-Congress/News-Articles/Results-From-the-CALGB-SWOG-80405-and-FIRE-3-AIO-KRK-0306-Studies-In-All-RAS-Wild-Type-Population (accessed 18 June 2015).
18. Fuchs C. Marshall J. Mitchell E. Wierzbicki R. Ganju V. Jeffery M. et al. (2007) Randomized, controlled trial of irinotecan plus infusional, bolus, or oral fluoropyrimidines in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the BICC-C Study. J Clin Oncol 25: 4779–4786.
19. Laurent-Puig P. Cayre A. Manceau G. Buc E. Bachet J. Lecomte T. et al. (2009) Analysis of PTEN, BRAF, and EGFR status in determining benefit from cetuximab therapy in wild-type KRAS metastatic colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 27: 5924–5930.
20. Lenz H. Niedzwiecki D. Innocenti F. Blanke D. Mahony M. O'Neil B. et al. (2014) CALGB / SWOG 80405: Phase III trial of irinotecan/5-FU/leucovorin (FOLFIRI) or oxaliplatin/5-FU/leucovorin (mFOLFOX6) with bevacizumab (BV) or cetuximab (CET) for patients (pts) with expanded ras analyses untreated metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum (mCRC). Ann Oncol 25(Suppl. 5): v1–v41.
21. Lievre A. Bachet J. Boige V. Cayre A. Le Corre D. Buc E. et al. (2008) KRAS mutations as an independent prognostic factor in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. J Clin Oncol 26: 374–379.
22. Lievre A. Bachet J. Le Corre D. Boige V. Landi B. Emile J. et al. (2006) KRAS mutation status is predictive of response to cetuximab therapy in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 66: 3992–3995.
23. Maughan T. Adams R. Smith C. Meade A. Seymour M. Wilson R. et al. (2011) Addition of cetuximab to oxaliplatin-based first-line combination chemotherapy for treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: results of the randomised phase 3 MRC COIN trial. Lancet 377: 2103–2114.
24. Patterson S. Peeters M. Siena S. van Cutsem E. Humblet Y. van Laethem J. et al. (2013) Comprehensive analysis of KRAS and NRAS mutations as predictive biomarkers for single agent panitumumab (pmab) response in a randomized, phase III metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) study (20020408). J Clin Oncol 31(15 Suppl.): abstract 3617.
25. Peeters M. Oliner K. Price T. Cervantes A. Sobrero A. Ducreux M. et al. (2014) KRAS / NRAS and BRAF mutations in the 20050181 study of panitumumab plus FOLFIRI for the 2nd-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: updated analysis. Ann Oncol 25(Suppl. 2): ii5–ii13.
26. Perrone F. Lampis A. Orsenigo M. Di Bartolomeo M. Gevorgyan A. Losa M. et al. (2009) PI3KCA/PTEN deregulation contributes to impaired responses to cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Ann Oncol 20: 84–90.
27. Prenen H. de Schutter J. Jacobs B. de Roock W. Biesmans B. Claes B. et al. (2009) PIK3CA mutations are not a major determinant of resistance to the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 15: 3184–3188.
28. Richman S. Seymour M. Chambers P. Elliott F. Daly C. Meade A. et al. (2009) KRAS and BRAF mutations in advanced colorectal cancer are associated with poor prognosis but do not preclude benefit from oxaliplatin or irinotecan: results from the MRC FOCUS trial. J Clin Oncol 27: 5931–5937.
29. Saltz L. Cox J. Blanke C. Rosen L. Fehrenbacher L. Moore M. et al. (2000) Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan Study Group. N Engl J Med 343: 905–914.
30. Samowitz W. Sweeney C. Herrick J. Albertsen H. Levin T. Murtaugh M. et al. (2005) Poor survival associated with the BRAF V600E mutation in microsatellite-stable colon cancers. Cancer Res 65: 6063–6069.
31. Samuels Y. Wang Z. Bardelli A. Silliman N. Ptak J. Szabo S. et al. (2004) High frequency of mutations of the PIK3CA gene in human cancers. Science 304: 554.
32. Sartore-Bianchi A. Martini M. Molinari F. Veronese S. Nichelatti M. Artale S. et al. (2009) PIK3CA mutations in colorectal cancer are associated with clinical resistance to EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibodies. Cancer Res 69: 1851–1857.
33. Schwartzberg L. Rivera F. Karthaus M. Fasola G. Canon J. Hecht J. et al. (2014) PEAK: a randomized, multicenter phase II study of panitumumab plus modified fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) or bevacizumab plus mFOLFOX 6 in patients with previously untreated, unresectable, wild-type KRAS exon 2 metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 32: 2240–2247.
34. Seymour M. Brown S. Middleton G. Maughan T. Richman S. Gwyther S. et al. (2013) Panitumumab and irinotecan versus irinotecan alone for patients with KRAS wild-type, fluorouracil-resistant advanced colorectal cancer (PICCOLO): a prospectively stratified randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 14: 749–759.
35. Shinozaki E. Miki Y. Ueno M. Igarashi M. Suenaga K. et al. (2014) Molecular profiling of EGFR pathway according to location of colorectal cancer (CRC): analysis of 1001 patients in single institute. J Clin Oncol 32(no 15 Suppl.): abstr 3597.
36. Siegel R. Ma J. Zou Z. Jemal A. (2014) Cancer statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin 64: 9–29.
37. Sood A. McClain D. Maitra R. Basu-Mallick A. Seetharam R. Kaubisch A. et al. (2012) PTEN gene expression and mutations in the PIK3CA gene as predictors of clinical benefit to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody therapy in patients with KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 11: 143–150.
38. Tejpar S. Lenz H. Kohne C. Heinemann V. Ciardiello F. Esser R. et al. (2014) Effect of KRAS and NRAS mutations on treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated first-line with cetuximab plus FOLFOX4: new results from the OPUS study. J Clin Oncol 32(Suppl. 3): abstract LBA444.
39. Tveit K. Guren T. Glimelius B. Pfeiffer P. Sorbye H. Pyrhonen S. et al. (2012) Phase III trial of cetuximab with continuous or intermittent fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (Nordic FLOX) versus FLOX alone in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: the NORDIC-VII study. J Clin Oncol 30: 1755–1762.
40. van Cutsem E. Kohne C. Hitre E. Zaluski J. Chang Chien C. Makhson A. et al. (2009) Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 360: 1408–1417.
41. van Cutsem E. Lenz H. Kohne C. Heinemann V. Tejpar S. Melezinek I. et al. (2015) Fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan plus cetuximab treatment and RAS mutations in colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 33: 692–700.
42. van Krieken J. Jung A. Kirchner T. Carneiro F. Seruca R. Bosman F. et al. (2008) KRAS mutation testing for predicting response to anti-EGFR therapy for colorectal carcinoma: proposal for an European quality assurance program. Virchows Arch 453: 417–431.
43. Venook A. Niedzwiecki D. Lenz H. Innocenti F. Mahoney M. O'Neil B. et al. (2014) CALGB / SWOG 80405: Phase III trial of irinotecan/5-FU/leucovorin (FOLFIRI) or oxaliplatin/5-FU/leucovorin (mFOLFOX6) with bevacizumab (BV) or cetuximab (CET) for patients (pts) with KRAS wild-type (wt) untreated metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum (mCRC). J Clin Oncol 32: abstract LBA3.