Acute subjective effects after smoking joints containing up to 69 mg Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in recreational users: A randomized, crossover clinical trial

Psychopharmacology

Volumn 231, Issue 24, 2014, Pages 4723-4733

  Hunault, Claudine C ^a   Böcker, Koen B E ^b,c   Stellato, R K ^a   Kenemans, J Leon ^c   De Vries, Irma ^a   Meulenbelt, Jan ^a,d  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^b ALAN TURING INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^c UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^d UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Acute; Cannabis; High doses; Mood rating; Subjective effects; THC

Indexed keywords

CANNABINOID; DRONABINOL;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFFECT; ATTENTION; BLOOD; BLOOD PRESSURE; CANNABIS SMOKING; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; DOSE RESPONSE; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFECTS; HEART RATE; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGY; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; TIME; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFFECT; ATTENTION; BLOOD PRESSURE; CANNABINOIDS; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; DRONABINOL; HEART RATE; HUMANS; MALE; MARIJUANA SMOKING; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84939890642     PISSN: 00333158     EISSN: 14322072     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3630-2     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Ameri A (1999) The effects of cannabinoids on the brain. Prog Neurobiol 58:315-348
2. Asbridge M, Hayden JA, Cartwright JL (2012) Acute cannabis consumption and motor vehicle collision risk: systematic review of observational studies and meta-analysis. BMJ 344:e536. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e356
3. Ashton CH (2001) Pharmacology and effects of cannabis: a brief review. Br J Psychiatry 178:101-106
4. Bond A, Lader M (1974) The use of analogue scales in rating subjective feelings. Br J Med Psychol 47:211-218
5. Cascini F, Aiello C, Di Tanna G (2012) Increasing Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-9-THC) content in herbal cannabis over time: systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Drug Abuse Rev 5:32-40
6. Chait LD, Evans SM, Grant KA, Kamien JB, Johanson CE, Schuster CR (1988) Discriminative stimulus and subjective effects of smoked marijuana in humans. Psychopharmacology 94:206-212
7. Curran HV, Brignell C, Fletcher MP, Henry J (2002) Cognitive and subjective dose-response effects of acute oral Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in infrequent cannabis users. Psychopharmacology 164:61-70
8. Degenhardt L, Chiu WT, Sampson N, Kessler RC, Anthony JC, Angermeyer M et al (2008) Toward a global view of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine use: findings from the WHO world mental health surveys. PLoS Med 5(7):e141. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050141
9. EMCDDA (2004) EMCDDA insights. An overview of cannabis potency in Europe. http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att-33985-EN-Insight6.pdf. Accessed 27 Nov 2013
10. EMCDDA (2012) Annual report. http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/annual-report/2012. Accessed 27 Nov 2013
11. Gustafson RA, Moolchan ET, Barnes A, Levine B, Huestis MA (2003) Validated method for the simultaneous determination of Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-THC and 11- nor-9-carboxy-THC in human plasma using solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with positive chemical ionization. J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci 798:145-154
12. Hall W, Degenhardt L (2009) Adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use. Lancet 374:1383-1391
13. Hall W, Swift W (2000) The THC content of cannabis in Australia: evidence and implications. Aust N Z Public Health 24:503-508
14. Heishman SJ, Stitzer ML, Yingling JE (1989) Effects of tetrahydrocannabinol content on marijuana smoking behavior, subjective reports, and performance. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 34:173-179
15. Huestis MA, Henningfield JE, Cone EJ (1992) Blood cannabinoids: I. Absorption of THC and formation of 11-OH-THC and THCCOOH during and after marijuana smoking. J Anal Toxicol 16:275-282
16. Hunault CC, Mensinga TT, de Vries I, Kelholt-Dijkman HH, Hoek J, Kruidenier M et al (2008) Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) serum concentrations and pharmacological effects in males after smoking a combination of tobacco and cannabis containing up to 69 mg THC. Psychopharmacology 76:204-212
17. Hunault CC, Mensinga TT, Böcker KB, Schipper CM, Kruidenier M, Leenders ME et al (2009) Cognitive and psychomotor effects in males after smoking a combination of tobacco and cannabis containing up to 69 mg Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Psychopharmacology 204:85-94
18. Johns A (2001) Psychiatric effects of cannabis. BJP 178:116-122
19. Karschner EL, Schwilke EW, Lowe RH, Darwin WD, Pope HG, Hening R, Cadet JL, Huestis MA (2009) Do Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations indicate recent use in chronic cannabis users? Addiction 104:2041-2048
20. Kintz P, Cirimele V (1997) Testing human blood for cannabis by GCMS. Biomed Chromatogr 11:371-373
21. Kirk JM, Doty P, de Wit H (1998) Effects of expectancies on subjective responses to oral Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 59:287-293
22. Klein C, Karanges E, Spiro A, Wong A, Spencer J, Huynh T, Gunasekaran N, Karl T, Long LE, Huang XF, Liu K, Arnold JC, McGregor IS (2011) Cannabidiol potentiates Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) behavioural effects and alters THC pharmacokinetics during acute and chronic treatment in adolescent rats. Psychopharmacology 218:443-457
23. Korf DJ, Wouters M, Benschop A, van Ginkel P, Sterke wiet (2004) Blow gedrag, schadelijkheid en afhankelijkheid van cannabis. Rozenberg Publishers, Amsterdam
24. Maralikova B, Weinmann W (2004) Simultaneous determination of Delta9 tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-hydroxy-Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 39:526-531
25. Mehmedic Z, Chandra S, Slade D, Denham H, Foster S, Patel AS et al (2010) Potency trends of Δ0-THC and other cannabinoids in confiscated cannabis preparation from 1993 to 2008. J Forensic Sci 55:1209-1217
26. Metrik J, Kahler CW, McGeary JE, Monti PM, Rohsenow DJ (2011) Acute effects of marijuana smoking on negative and positive affect. J Cogn Psychother 25:31-46
27. Miller LL, Cocchetto DM, Perez-Reyes M (1983) Relationships between several pharmacokinetic parameters and psychometric indices of subjective effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 25:633-637
28. Nemeth-Coslett R, Henningfield JE, O'Keeffe MK, Griffiths RR (1986) Effects of marijuana smoking on subjective ratings and tobacco smoking. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 25:659-665
29. NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2004) Drugs and human performance fact sheets. Available at: http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/research/job185drugs/cannabis.htm. Accessed 10 Dec 2013
30. Niesink RJM, Rigter S, Hoek J (2004) THC-concentraties in wiet, nederwiet an hasj in Nederlandse coffeeshops (2003-2004). Trimbos Instituut, Utrecht
31. Perez-Reyes M (1990) Marijuana smoking: factors that influence the bioavailability of tetrahydrocannabinol. Available at http://archives.drugabuse.gov/pdf/monographs/download99.html. Accessed 10 Dec 2013
32. Perez-Reyes M, White WR, Mcdonald SA, Hicks RE, Jeffcoat AR, Cook CE (1991) The pharmacological effects of daily marijuana smoking in humans. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 40:691-694
33. Ramaekers JG, Kauert G, van Ruitenbeek P, Theunissen EL, Moeller MR (2006) High-potency marijuana impairs executive function and inhibitory motor control. Neuropsychopharmacology 31:2296-2303
34. Tanda G, Pontieri FE, Di Chiara G (1997) Cannabinoid and heroin activation of mesolimbic dopamine transmission by a common μ1 opioid receptor mechanism. Science 276:2048-2050
35. Thomas H (1996) A community survey of adverse effects of cannabis use. Drug Alcohol Depend 42:201-207
36. Trimbos Institute (2012) [THC-concentrations in weed, netherweed en hash in the Dutch coffeeshops] [online document in Dutch]. http://www.trimbos.nl/webwinkel/productoverzicht-webwinkel/alcohol-en-drugs/af/af1148-thc-concentraties-2011-2012. Accessed 27 Nov 2013
37. Valjent E, Mitchell JM, Besson MJ, Caboche J, Maldonado R (2002 Jan) Behavioural and biochemical evidence for interactions between Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and nicotine. Br J Pharmacol 135(2):564-578
38. Van der Kooy F, Pomahacova B, Verpoorte R (2009) Cannabis smoke condensate II: influence of tobacco on tetrahydrocannabinol levels. Inhal Toxicol 21:87-90
39. Wachtel SR, ElSohly MA, Ross SA, Ambre J, de Wit H (2002) Comparison of the subjective effects of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and marijuana in humans. Psychopharmacology 161:331-339
40. World Drug Report (2006) http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/WDR-2006.html. Accessed 27 Nov 2013