Privatizing the commons: impact on ecosystem services in Bangalore’s lakes

Urban Ecosystems

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 613-632

  Unnikrishnan, Hita ^a,c   Nagendra, Harini ^b  

^a ASHOKA TRUST FOR RESEARCH IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT   (India)

^b AZIM PREMJI UNIVERSITY   (India)

^c MANIPAL UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Asia; Ecosystem privatization; Ecosystem services; Lake systems; Urban commons

Indexed keywords

EID: 84939887994     PISSN: 10838155     EISSN: 15731642     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11252-014-0401-0     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Ades AF, Glaeser CE (1995) Trade and circuses: explaining urban giants. Q J Econ 110:95–227
2. Alberti M, Marzluff JM (2004) Ecological Resilience in Urban Ecosystems: Linking Urban Patterns to Human and Ecological Functions. Urban Ecosyst 7(3):241–265
3. Annaswamy TV (2003) Bangalore to Bengaluru: Urban History of Bangalore from the Pre-historic Period to the End of the 18th Century. Vengadam Publications
4. Ash N, Blanco H, Brown C, Vira B, Garcia K, Tomich T (2010) Ecosystems and human well-being: a manual for assessment practitioners. Island Press
5. Berkes F, Feeny D, Mc Cay BJ, Acheson. JM (1989) The benefits of the commons. Nature. 340
6. Budds J, McGranahan G (2003) Are the debates on water privatization missing the point? Experiences from Africa, Asia and Latin America. Environ Urban 15:87. doi:10.1177/095624780301500222
7. Campanella TJ (2006) Urban resilience and the recovery of New Orleans. J Am Plann Assoc 72(2):141–146
8. Census of India (2011), available at http://www.censusindia.gov.in/default.aspx. Accessed 14 Sep 2013
9. Cumming SG (2011) Spatial Resilience in Social Ecological Systems. Springer Science and Business Media
10. D’Souza R, Nagendra H (2011) Changes in public commons as a consequence of urbanisation: the Agara Lake in Bangalore, India. Environ Manage 47(5):840–850
11. D’Souza R (2006) Impact of Privatisation of Lakes in Bangalore. Centre for Education and Documentation, Bangalore, available at http://www.doccentre.net/index.php/privatisation-of-lakes-in-bangalore
12. D’Souza (2011) Privatizing Bangalore’s lakes. http://infochangeindia.org/agenda/enclosure-of-the-commons/privatising-bangalore-s-lakes.html. Accessed 14 Sep 2013
13. Domberger S, Jensen R (1997) Contracting out by the public sector: theory, evidence. Prospects Oxf Rev Econ Policy 13(4):67–78
14. Elmqvist T, Folke C, Nystrom M, Peterson G, Bengtsson J, Walker B, Norberg J (2003) Response diversity, ecosystem change and resilience. Fron Ecol Environ 1(9):488–494
15. Fagerholm N, Käyhkö N, Ndumbaro F, Khamis M (2012) Community stakeholders’ knowledge in landscape assessments-Mapping indicators for landscape services. Ecol Indic 18:421–433
16. Foster RS (2006) The City as an Ecological Space: Social Capital and Urban Land Use. Fordham Law School Occasional Papers. Paper 5. http://lsr.nellco.org/fordham_oc/5. Accessed 24 Oct 2012
17. Foster RS (2011) Collective action and the urban commons. The Notre Dame Review 87(1):57–134
18. Gael F (2010) Reinventing Government: Protecting Services and Getting the Economy Back on Track available at http://www.rte.ie/news/2010/1107/finegael.pdf. Accessed 24 Oct 2012
19. Garnett SN (2011), Managing the Urban Commons, Notre Dame Law School Legal Studies Research Paper No. 11–44, from http://ssrn.com/abstract=1972257. Accessed 25 Oct 2012
20. Grimm NB, Grove JM, Pickett STA, Redman CL (2000) Integrated approaches to long-term studies of urban ecological systems. Bioscience 50:571–584
21. Gowda K, Sridhara MV (2007) Conservation of tanks/lakes in the Bangalore metropolitan area. Manag Environ Qual Int J 18(2):137–151
22. Heynen N, Robbins P (2005) The Neoliberalization of Nature: Governance, Privatization, Enclosure and Valuation. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism, 16 (1). doi:10.1080/1045575052000335339
23. Heynen N, Perkins H (2005) Scalar dialectics in green: urban private property and the contradictions of the Neoliberalization of nature. Capital Nat Social 16(1):99–113
24. Heynen N, Kaika M, Swyngedouw E (2006) Urban Political Ecology in Heynen N, Kaika M, Swyngedouw E eds, In the Nature of Cities, Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group
25. Kaika M (2006) The political ecology of water scarcity: the 1989–1991 Athenian Drought. In: Heynen N, Kaika M, Swyngedouw E (eds) In the nature of cities. Taylor and Francis Group, Routledge
26. Kiran R, Ramachandra TV (1999) Status of Wetlands in Bangalore and its Conservation Aspects. Envis Journal of Human Settlements, 16–24
27. Lanjekar P (2009) Public- Private Partnerships and Urban Water Scarcity, Issues and prospects in Mumbai, India at http://r-cube.ritsumei.ac.jp/bitstream/10367/1099/1/12-RJAPS27_Public-Private%20Partnerships%20and%20Urban%20Water%20Security.pdf. Accessed 25 Oct 2012
28. Lebel L, Anderies JM, Campbell B, Folke C, Hatfield-Dodds S, Hughes TP, Wilson J (2006) Governance and the Capacity to Manage Resilience in Regional Social-Ecological Systems. Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship. Paper 52
29. Mahapatra MD, Chanakya HN, Ramachandra TV (2011) Assessment of treatment capabilities of Varthur Lake, Bangalore, India. International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, 14 (1/2/3/4), 84–102
30. Mathur A, da Cunha D (2006) Deccan traverses: the making of Bangalore’s Terrain. Rupa, New Delhi
31. Milakovich ME (1991) Total quality management in the public sector. Natl Prod Rev 10:195–213. doi:10.1002/npr.4040100208
32. Milcu IA, Hanspach J, Abson D, Fischer J (2013) Cultural ecosystem services: a literature review and prospects for future Research. Ecol Soc 18(3):44
33. Millenium Ecosystem Assessment Report; Leszek A Bledzki PhD (Topic Editor) “Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Wetlands and Water (full report)”. In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth July 9, 2008; Last revised Date September 4, 2011; Retrieved October 25, 2012 http://www.eoearth.org/article/Ecosystems_and_Human_Well-being:_Wetlands_and_Water_(full_report)
34. Monbiot G (1994) The Tragedy of Enclosure. Sci. Am. and available at http://www.monbiot.com/1994/01/01/the-tragedy-of-enclosure/accessed on 25 Oct 2012
35. Morcillo HM, Plieninger T, Bieling C (2013) An empirical review of cultural ecosystem service indicators. Ecol Indic 29:434–444
36. Muradian R, Rival L (2012) Between markets and hierarchies: the challenge of governing ecosystem services. Ecosyst Serv 1:93–100
37. Nagendra H, Unnikrishnan H, Sen S (2013) Villages in the city: spatial and temporal heterogeneity in rurality and urbanity in Bangalore, India. Land 3(1):1–18
38. Narayanan P, Hanjagi A (2009) Land transformation: a threat on Bangalore’s ecology - a challenge for sustainable development. Theor Empir Res Urban Manag 15:38–47
39. Oliver S (2006) The desire to metabolize nature: Edward Loveden Lovedeen, William Vanderstegen, and the disciplining of the river Thames. In: Heynen N, Kaika M, Swyngedouw E (eds) In the nature of cities. Taylor and Francis Group, Routledge
40. Osborne D (1993) Reinventing Government. Public Productivity and Management Review. XVI (4), 349–356
41. Ostrom E, Hess C (2007) Private and common property rights from http://ssrn.com/abstract=1304699 or at 10.2139/ssrn.1304699. Accessed 24 Oct 2012
42. Plieninger T, Dijks S, Oteras-Rozas E, Bieling C (2013) Assessing, mapping, and quantifying cultural ecosystem services at community level. Land Use Policy 33:118–129
43. Prager J (1994) Contracting out government services: lessons from the private sector. Public Admin Rev 54(2):176–184
44. Prasad SN, Ramachandra TV, Ahalya N, Sengupta T, Kumar A, Tiwari AK, Vijayan VS, Vijayan L (2002) Conservation of Wetlands of India- a review. Trop Ecol 43(1):173–186
45. Protection and Management of Urban Lakes in India (2013) Center for Science and Environment, New Delhi, India
46. Public Interest Litigation (WP No. 817/2008), 2008, filed by Environment Support Group and Leo Saldanha against privatization of lakes in Bangalore available at http://www.esgindia.org/projects/events/campaign-against-lake-privatisation-bang.html accessed on 14 October 2012 and information also available at http://www.cseindia.org/content/cases-protection-lakes-27. Accessed 25 Oct 2012
47. Redman CL, Grove JM, Kuby LH (2004) Integrating social science into the long-term ecological research (LTER) network: social dimensions of ecological change and ecological dimensions of social change. Ecosystems 7:161–171
48. Report of the Committee constituted by the Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka to examine the ground realities and prepare an action plan for preservation of lakes in the city of Bangalore: Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka’s Order dated 26.11.2010 in WP NO. 817/2008 and others (2011) Hon’ble Justice Patil NK (Chair)
49. Rice BL (1897) Mysore: a gazetteer compiled for government, revised edition, Volume 2. Archibald Constable and Company, London
50. Rice BL (1905) Epigraphica Carnatica volume IX: inscriptions in the Bangalore District. Mysore Government Central Press, Bangalore
51. Rowe J (2008) The Parallel Economy of the Commons. State of the World 25th Anniversary Edition
52. Schwartz MW (ed) (1997) Conservation in highly fragmented landscapes. Chapman and Hall, New York
53. Smith L, Ruiters G (2006) The Public Private conundrum of urban water: a view from South Africa. In: Heynen N, Kaika M, Swyngedouw E (eds) In the nature of cities. Taylor and Francis Group, Routledge
54. Sudhira HS, Ramachandra TV, Subrahmanya MHB (2007) City profile Bangalore. Cities 24:379–390
55. Sundaresan J (2011) Planning as Commoning: Transformation of a Bangalore Lake, Review of Urban Affairs, Economic & Political Weekly, XLVI (50)
56. TEEB Report (2011) The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity in National and International Policy Making
57. Tengberg A, Fredholm S, Eliasson I, Knez I, Saltzman K, Wetterberg O (2012) Cultural ecosystem services provided by landscapes: assessment of heritage values and identity. Ecosyst Serv 2:14–26
58. United Nations Center for Human Settlements, United Nations Environment Programme, the Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment (Netherlands), the Ministry of Construction (People’s Republic of China) (1996) “Managing Water Resources for Large Cities and Towns: Report of the Habitat II International Conference.” Nairobi: United Nations Center for Human Settlements