Impression formation of tests: retrospective judgments of performance are higher when easier questions come first

Memory and Cognition

Volumn 42, Issue 8, 2014, Pages 1325-1332

  Jackson, Abigail ^a   Greene, Robert L ^a  

^a CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Impression formation; Metacognition; Primacy effect; Testing

Indexed keywords

ADULT; DECISION MAKING; EDUCATION; HUMAN; PHYSIOLOGY; RECALL; TIME; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT; HUMANS; JUDGMENT; MENTAL RECALL; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84939877051     PISSN: 0090502X     EISSN: 15325946     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3758/s13421-014-0439-5     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. Ahlering, R., & Parker, L. (1989). Need for cognition as a moderator of the primacy effect. Journal of Research in Personality, 23, 313–317. doi:10.1016/0092-6566(89)90004-4
2. Asch, S. E. (1946). Forming impressions of personality. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 41, 258–290. doi:10.1037/h0055756
3. Crano, W. D. (1977). Primacy versus recency in retention of information and opinion change. The Journal of Social Psychology, 101, 87–96. doi:10.1080/00224545.1977.9923987
4. Devine, M., & Yaghlian, N. (n.d.). Center for teaching excellence test construction manual: Construction of objective tests. Retrieved from http://www.cte.cornell.edu/documents/Test%20Construction%20Manual.pdf
5. Dunlosky, J., & Thiede, K. W. (2013). Metamemory. In D. Reisberg (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Psychology (pp. 283–298). New York: Oxford University Press.
6. Fergus, J. (1997). The professional woman writer. In E. Copeland & J. McMaster (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to Jane Austen (pp. 12–31). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7. Forgas, J. (2011). Can negative affect eliminate the power of first impressions? Affective influences on primacy and recency effects in impression formation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 425–429. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.11.005
8. Nelson, T. O., & Narens, L. (1980). Norms of 300 general-information questions: Accuracy of recall, latency of recall, and feeling-of-knowing ratings. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19, 338–368. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(80)90266-2
9. Tauber, S. K., Dunlosky, J., Rawson, K. A., Rhodes, M. G., & Sitzman, D. M. (2013). General knowledge norms: Updated and expanded from the Nelson and Narens (1980) norms. Behavior Research Methods, 45, 1115–1143. doi:10.3758/s13428-012-0307-9
10. Webster, D., Richter, L., & Kruglanski, A. (1996). On leaping to conclusions when feeling tired: Mental fatigue effects on impressional primacy. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 32, 181–195. doi:10.1006/jesp.1996.0009
11. Weinstein, Y., & Roediger, H. L., III. (2010). Retrospective bias in test performance: Providing easy items at the beginning of a test makes students believe they did better on it. Memory & Cognition, 38, 366–376. doi:10.3758/MC.38.3.366
12. Weinstein, Y., & Roediger, H. L., III. (2012). The effect of question order on evaluations of test performance: How does the bias evolve? Memory & Cognition, 40, 727–735. doi:10.3758/s13421-012-0187-3