An investigation of some unexpected frost day increases in Southern Australia

Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Journal

Volumn 64, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 261-271

  Dittus, A J ^a   Karoly, D J ^a   Lewis, S C ^a   Alexander, L V ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR TEMPERATURE; CLEAR SKY; FROST; PRECIPITATION ASSESSMENT; RAINFALL; TREND ANALYSIS;

AUSTRALIA;

EID: 84939487488     PISSN: 1836716X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.22499/2.6404.002     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Alexander, L. V., X. Zhang, T. C. Peterson, J. Caesar, B. Gleason, A. M. G. Klein Tank, M. Haylock, D. Collins, B. Trewin, F. Rahimzadeh, A. Tagipour, K. Rupa Kumar, J. Revadekar, G. Griffiths, L. Vincent, D. B. Stephenson, J. Burn, E. Aguilar, M. Brunet, M. Taylor, M. New, P. Zhai, M. Rusticucci, and J. L. Vazquez-Aguirre, 2006: Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D05109, doi:10.1029/2005JD006290.
2. Bureau of Meteorology, 2011: On the sensitivity of Australian temperature variability and trends to analysis methods and observation networks. Report 3b for the Independent Peer Review of the ACORN-SAT dataset.
3. Bureau of Meteorology, 2013a: Australian climate extremes - Trend maps. www.bom.gov.au/climate/change/index.shtml#tabs=Tracker&tracke r=extremes-trend-maps&tQ%5Bmap%5D=CN00&tQ%5Bperiod% 5D=1970, Page accessed on 29/03/2014.
4. Bureau of Meteorology, 2013b: NSW in October 2013: A month of extremes. www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/month/nsw/archive/201310.summary.shtml, Page accessed on 18/03/2014.
5. Bureau of Meteorology, 2014: About frost. www.bom.gov.au/climate/map/frost/what-is-frost.shtml#indicator, Page accessed on 26/03/2014.
6. Cai, W. and T. Cowan, 2013: Southeast Australia Autumn Rainfall Reduction: A Climate-Change-Induced Poleward Shift of Ocean-Atmosphere Circulation. J. Clim., 26, 189-205, doi:10.1175/JCLID- 12-00035.1.
7. Crimp, S., K. S. Bakar, P. Kokic, H. Jin, N. Nicholls, and M. Howden, 2014: Bayesian space-time model to analyse frost risk for agriculture in Southeast Australia. Int. J. Climatol, online, doi:10.1002/joc.4109.
8. CSIRO and Bureau of Meteorology, 2014: State of the Climate 2014. 16 pp.
9. Delworth, T. L., and F. Zeng, 2014: Regional rainfall decline in Australia attributed to anthropogenic greenhouse gases and ozone levels. Nature Geosci, 7, 583-587, doi:10.1038/ngeo2201.
10. Donat, M. G., L. V. Alexander, H. Yang, I. Durre, R. Vose, R. J. H. Dunn, K. M. Willett, E. Aguilar, M. Brunet, J. Caesar, B. Hewitson, C. Jack, A. M. G. Klein Tank, A. C. Kruger, J. Marengo, T. C. Peterson, M. Renom, C. Oria Rojas, M. Rusticucci, J. Salinger, A. S. Elrayah, S. S. Sekele, A. K. Srivastava, B. Trewin, C. Villarroel, L. A. Vincent, P. Zhai, X. Zhang, and S. Kitching, 2013: Updated analyses of temperature and precipitation extreme indices since the beginning of the twentieth century: The HadEX2 dataset. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 2098-2118, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50150.
11. Frich, P., L. V. Alexander, P. Della-Marta, B. Gleason, M. Haylock, A. M. G. Klein Tank, and T. Peterson, 2002: Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century. Climate Res, 19, 193-212.
12. Hennessy, K. J., R. Suppiah, and C. M. Page, 1999: Australian rainfall changes, 1910-1995. Aust. Met. Mag., 48, 1-14.
13. Indian Ocean Climate Initiative, 2012: Western Australia's Weather and Climate: A Synthesis of Indian Ocean Climate Initiative Stage 3 Research. Technical report.
14. IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, T. F. Stocker, D. Qin, G. K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex, and P. M. Midgley, eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
15. Jones, D. A., W. Wang, and R. Fawcett, 2009: High-quality spatial climate data-sets for Australia. Aust. Meteorol. Oceanogr. J., 58, 233-248.
16. Jovanovic, B., D. Collins, K. Braganza, D. Jakob, and D. A. Jones, 2011: A high-quality monthly total cloud amount dataset for Australia. Climatic Change, 108, 485-517, doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9992-5.
17. King, A. D., L. V. Alexander, and M. G. Donat, 2013: The efficacy of using gridded data to examine extreme rainfall characteristics: a case study for Australia. Int. J. Climatol., 33, 2376-2387, doi:10.1002/joc.3588.
18. Lavery, B., A. Kariko, and N. Nicholls, 1992: A historical rainfall data set for Australia. Aust. Met. Mag., 40, 33-39.
19. Murphy, B. F. and B. Timbal, 2008: A review of recent climate variability and climate change in southeastern Australia. Int. J. Climatol., 28, 859-879, doi:10.1002/joc.1627.
20. NCL, 2013: The NCAR Command Language (Version 6.1.2) [Software].
21. Nicholls, N., 2001: Commentary and analysis: The insignificance of significance testing. Bull. Am. Met. Soc., 82, 981-986.
22. Nicholls, N. 2009: Local and remote causes of the southern Australian autumn-winter rainfall decline, 1958-2007. Clim. Dyn., 34, 835-845, doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0527-6.
23. Nicholls, N. and D. Collins, 2009: Observed climate change in Australia over the past century. Energy & Environment, 17, 1-12, doi:10.1260/095830506776318804.
24. Plummer N, M. J. Salinger, N. Nicholls, R. Suppiah, K. J. Hennessy, R. M. Leighton, B. Trewin, C. M. Page and J. M. Lough, 1999: Changes in climate extremes over the Australian region and New Zealand during the twentieth century. Climatic Change 42: 183-202.
25. R Core Team, 2013: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
26. Rigby, J. R. and A. Porporato, 2008: Spring frost risk in a changing climate. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L12703, doi:10.1029/2008GL033955.
27. Stone, R., N. Nicholls, and G. Hammer, 1999: Frost in northeast Australia: trends and influences of phases of the Southern Oscillation. J. Clim., 9, 1896-1909.
28. Timbal, B., 2010: Understanding the anthropogenic nature of the observed rainfall decline across southeastern Australia. Technical Report 026, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research.
29. Timbal, B. and W. Drosdowsky, 2012: The relationship between the decline of Southeastern Australian rainfall and the strengthening of the subtropical ridge. Int. J. Climatol., 33, 1021-1034, doi:10.1002/joc.3492.
30. Trewin, B., 2013: A daily homogenized temperature data set for Australia. Int. J. Climatol., 33, 1510-1529, doi:10.1002/joc.3530.
31. Zhang, X., L. Alexander, G. C. Hegerl, P. Jones, A. Klein Tank, T. C. Peterson, B. Trewin, and F. W. Zwiers, 2011: Indices for monitoring changes in extremes based on daily temperature and precipitation data. WIREs Clim. Change, 2, 851-870, doi:10.1002/wcc.147.
32. Zheng, B., K. Chenu, M. Fernanda Dreccer, and S. C. Chapman, 2012: Breeding for the future: what are the potential impacts of future frost and heat events on sowing and flowering time requirements for Australian bread wheat (Triticum aestivium) varieties? Global Change Biology, 18, 2899-2914, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02724.x.