Bromination of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter following Full Scale Electrochemical Ballast Water Disinfection

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 49, Issue 15, 2015, Pages 9048-9055

  Gonsior, Michael ^a   Mitchelmore, Carys ^a   Heyes, Andrew ^a   Harir, Mourad ^b   Richardson, Susan D ^c   Petty, William Tyler ^c   Wright, David A ^a,e   Schmitt Kopplin, Philippe ^b,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE   (United States)

^b INSTITUTE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^d TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^e Environmental Research Services   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS; BYPRODUCTS; CARBOXYLATION; DISINFECTION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; POTABLE WATER; WATER TREATMENT;

BALLAST WATER TREATMENT; DIBROMOACETIC ACID; DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTERS; ELECTROCHEMICAL DISINFECTION; MOLECULAR FORMULA; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; ULTRAHIGH RESOLUTION;

WATER;

BROMINE; CYCLOPENTENE DERIVATIVE; DIBROMOMETHANE; DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER; DRINKING WATER; PHENOL DERIVATIVE; PROPIONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; SULFONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; ISOTOPE; ORGANIC COMPOUND; SEA WATER; WATER POLLUTANT;

ARRAY; BALLAST WATER; BROMINE; CARBOXYLIC ACID; COASTAL WATER; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DISINFECTION; DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER; DRINKING WATER; ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD; ETHYLENE; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; ORGANIC ACID; TOXICITY; TOXICOLOGY;

ARTICLE; BROMINATION; COASTAL WATERS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISINFECTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; IONIZATION; WATER TREATMENT; ANALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; HALOGENATION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PROCEDURES; SOLUBILITY; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER POLLUTANT;

DISINFECTION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; HALOGENATION; ISOTOPES; MASS SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC CHEMICALS; SEAWATER; SOLUBILITY; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL; WATER PURIFICATION;

EID: 84938651025     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01474     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. UNCTAD. WORLDINVESTMENT REPORT-Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, NewYork and Geneva, (2013.
2. Zhang, F.; Dickman, M. Mid-ocean exchange of container vessel ballast water. 1: Seasonal factors affecting the transport of harmful diatoms and dinoflagellates Mar. Ecol.: Prog. Ser. 1999) 176, 243-251 10.3354/meps176243
3. Dickman, M.; Zhang, F. Mid-ocean exchange of container vessel ballast water. 2: Effects of vessel type in the transport of diatoms and dinoflagellates from Manzanillo, Mexico, to Hong Kong, China Mar. Ecol.: Prog. Ser. 1999, 176, 253-262 10.3354/meps176253
4. Wright, D.; Dawson, R.; Moesel, S.; Orano-Dawson, C. Shipboard trials of ballast water management options: Part 2. Efficacy of ballast water exchange Proceedings of the Institute for Marine Engineering Science and Technology. Journal of Marine Science and Environment (C3) 2005, 15-20
5. International Maritime Organization. In Adoption of the Final Act and any instruments, recommendations and resolutions resulting from the work of the conference. International Convention for theControl and Management of ships' Ballast and Sediments, 2004.Agenda Item 8. BWM/CONF/36; International Conference on Ballast Water Management for Ships, February 16, (2004.
6. Rook, J. J. Formation of haloforms during chlorination of natural waters Water Treatment and Examination 1974) 23, 234-243
7. National Cancer Institute. Report On CarcinogenesisBioassay of Chloroform (CAS No. 67-66-3); Carcinogenesis TechnicalReport Series, National Cancer Institute: Bethesda, MD, 1976.
8. Bull, R. J.; Reckhow, D. A.; Li, X.; Humpage, A. R.; Joll, C.; Hrudey, S. E. Potential carcinogenic hazards of non-regulated disinfection by-products: haloquinones, halo-cyclopentene and cyclohexene derivatives, N-halamines, halonitriles, and heterocyclic amines Toxicology 2011, 286 (1-3) 1-19 10.1016/j.tox.2011.05.004
9. Costet, N.; Garlantezec, R.; Monfort, C.; Rouget, F.; Gagniere, B.; Chevrier, C.; Cordier, S. Environmental and Urinary Markers of Prenatal Exposure to Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products, Fetal Growth, and Duration of Gestation in the PELAGIE Birth Cohort (Brittany, France, 2002-2006) Am. J. Epidemiol. 2012, 175 (4) 263-275 10.1093/aje/kwr419
10. Grazuleviciene, R.; Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J.; Vencloviene, J.; Kostopoulou-Karadanelli, M.; Krasner, S. W.; Danileviciute, A.; Balcius, G.; Kapustinskiene, V. Individual exposures to drinking water trihalomethanes, low birth weight and small for gestational age risk: a prospective Kaunas cohort study Environ. Health 2011, 10, 32-32 10.1186/1476-069X-10-32
11. Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J.; Toledano, M. B.; Eaton, N. E.; Fawell, J.; Elliott, P. Chlorination disinfection byproducts in water and their association with adverse reproductive outcomes: a review Occup. Environ. Med. 2000, 57 (2) 73-85 10.1136/oem.57.2.73
12. Richardson, S. D.; Ternes, T. A. Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues Anal. Chem. 2014, 86 (6) 2813-2848 10.1021/ac500508t
13. Richardson, S. D. Disinfection By-Products: Formation and Occurrence in Drinking Water. In Encyclopedia of Environmental Health; Nriagu, J., Ed.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2011; pp 110-136.
14. Richardson, S. D.; Nriagu, J. O. Encyclopedia of Environmental Health; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2011; Vol. 2, p 110.
15. Hunter, E. S.; Rogers, E. H.; Schmid, J. E.; Richard, A. Comparative effects of haloacetic acids in whole embryo culture Teratology 1996, 54 (2) 57-64 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199606)54:2<57::AID-TERA1>3.0.CO;2-1
16. Ichihashi, K.; Teranishi, K.; Ichimura, A. Brominated trihalomethane formation in halogenation of humic acid in the coexistence of hypochlorite and hypobromite ions Water Res. 1999, 33 (2) 477-483 10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00227-9
17. Zhai, H.; Zhang, X. Formation and Decomposition of New and Unknown Polar Brominated Disinfection Byproducts during Chlorination Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45 (6) 2194-2201 10.1021/es1034427
18. Zhang, H.; Zhang, Y.; Shi, Q.; Zheng, H.; Yang, M. Characterization of Unknown Brominated Disinfection Byproducts during Chlorination Using Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48 (6) 3112-3119 10.1021/es4057399
19. Richardson, S. D.; Plewa, M. J.; Wagner, E. D.; Schoeny, R.; DeMarini, D. M. Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in drinking water: A review and roadmap for research Mutat. Res., Rev. Mutat. Res. 2007, 636 (1-3) 178-242 10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.09.001
20. U.S. National interim primary drinking water regulations: control of trihalomethanes in drinking water: final rules. Federal Regulation 44; Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, 1979; pp 68624-68705.
21. U. S. National primary drinking water regulations: disinfectants and disinfection byproducts: final rule. Federal Regulation 63; Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, 1998; pp 69390-69476.
22. U.S. National primary drinking water regulations: stage 2 disinfectants and disinfection byproducts rule. Federal Regulation 71; Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, 2006; pp 387-493.
23. Khiari, D.; Krasner, S. W.; Hwang, C. J.; Chinn, R.; Barrett, S. In Effects of Chlorination and Chloramination on the Molecular Weight Distribution of Natural Organic Matter and the Production of High-Molecular-Weight Disinfection By-Products; AWWA Water Technology Conference, Boston; American Water Works Association: Boston, 1996.
24. Zhang, X.; Minear, R. A. Characterization of High Molecular Weight Disinfection Byproducts Resulting from Chlorination of Aquatic Humic Substances Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36 (19) 4033-4038 10.1021/es025598k
25. Westerhoff, P.; Chao, P.; Mash, H. Reactivity of natural organic matter with aqueous chlorine and bromine Water Res. 2004, 38 (6) 1502-1513 10.1016/j.watres.2003.12.014
26. Komaki, Y.; Pals, J.; Wagner, E. D.; Mariñas, B. J.; Plewa, M. J. Mammalian Cell DNA Damage and Repair Kinetics of Monohaloacetic Acid Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43 (21) 8437-8442 10.1021/es901852z
27. Gonsior, M.; Schmitt-Kopplin, P.; Stavklint, H.; Richardson, S. D.; Hertkorn, N.; Bastviken, D. Changes in Dissolved Organic Matter during the Treatment Processes of a Drinking Water Plant in Sweden and Formation of Previously Unknown Disinfection Byproducts Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48 (21) 12714-12722 10.1021/es504349p
28. Lavonen, E. E.; Gonsior, M.; Tranvik, L. J.; Schmitt-Kopplin, P.; Köhler, S. J. Selective Chlorination of Natural Organic Matter: Identification of Previously Unknown Disinfection Byproducts Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47 (5) 2264-2271 10.1021/es304669p
29. Zhai, H.; Zhang, X.; Zhu, X.; Liu, J.; Ji, M. Formation of Brominated Disinfection Byproducts during Chloramination of Drinking Water: New Polar Species and Overall Kinetics Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48 (5) 2579-2588 10.1021/es4034765
30. Ding, G.; Zhang, X.; Yang, M.; Pan, Y. Formation of new brominated disinfection byproducts during chlorination of saline sewage effluents Water Res. 2013, 47 (8) 2710-2718 10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.036
31. Krasner, S. W.; Weinberg, H. S.; Richardson, S. D.; Pastor, S. J.; Chinn, R.; Sclimenti, M. J.; Onstad, G. D.; Thruston, A. D. Occurrence of a New Generation of Disinfection Byproducts† Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40 (23) 7175-7185 10.1021/es060353j
32. Werschkun, B.; Banerji, S.; Basurko, O. C.; David, M.; Fuhr, F.; Gollasch, S.; Grummt, T.; Haarich, M.; Jha, A. N.; Kacan, S.; Kehrer, A.; Linders, J.; Mesbahi, E.; Pughiuc, D.; Richardson, S. D.; Schwarz-Schulz, B.; Shah, A.; Theobald, N.; von Gunten, U.; Wieck, S.; Höfer, T. Emerging risks from ballast water treatment: The run-up to the International Ballast Water Management Convention Chemosphere 2014, 112 (0) 256-266 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.135
33. Jenner, H. A.; Taylor, C. J. L.; van Donk, M.; Khalanski, M. Chlorination by-products in chlorinated cooling water of some European coastal power stations Mar. Environ. Res. 1997, 43 (4) 279-293 10.1016/S0141-1136(96)00091-8
34. Kristiansen, N. K.; Aune, K. T.; Froshaug, M.; Becher, G.; Lundanes, E. Determination of halogenated acetic acids in chlorinated sea water and drinking water produced offshore Water Res. 1996, 30 (9) 2155-2159 10.1016/0043-1354(96)00047-4
35. Albaladejo, G. J.; Ros, J. A.; Romero, A.; Navarro, S. Effect of bromophenols on the taste and odour of drinking water obtained by seawater desalination in south-eastern Spain Desalination 2012, 307, 1-8 10.1016/j.desal.2012.08.028
36. Sharma, V. K.; Zboril, R.; McDonald, T. J. Formation and toxicity of brominated disinfection byproducts during chlorination and chloramination of water: A review J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part B 2014, 49 (3) 212-228 10.1080/03601234.2014.858576
37. Trasatti, S. Electrocatalysis: understanding the success of DSA (R) Electrochim. Acta 2000, 45 (15-16) 2377-2385 10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00338-8
38. Jeong, J.; Kim, C.; Yoon, J. The effect of electrode material on the generation of oxidants and microbial inactivation in the electrochemical disinfection processes Water Res. 2009, 43 (4) 895-901 10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.033
39. Ghernaout, D.; Naceur, M. W.; Aouabed, A. On the dependence of chlorine by-products generated species formation of the electrode material and applied charge during electrochemical water treatment Desalination 2011, 270 (1-3) 9-22 10.1016/j.desal.2011.01.010
40. Tseng, L. Y.; Gonsior, M.; Schmitt-Kopplin, P.; Cooper, W. J.; Pitt, P.; Rosso, D. Molecular Characteristics and Differences of Effluent Organic Matter from Parallel Activated Sludge and Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) Processes Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47 (18) 10277-10284 10.1021/es4002482
41. Gonsior, M.; Peake, B. M.; Cooper, W. T.; Podgorski, D. C.; D'Andrilli, J.; Dittmar, T.; Cooper, W. J. Characterization of dissolved organic matter across the Subtropical Convergence off the South Island, New Zealand Mar. Chem. 2011, 123 (1-4) 99-110 10.1016/j.marchem.2010.10.004
42. Hertkorn, N.; Harir, M.; Koch, B. P.; Michalke, B.; Schmitt-Kopplin, P. High-field NMR spectroscopy and FTICR mass spectrometry: powerful discovery tools for the molecular level characterization of marine dissolved organic matter Biogeosciences 2013, 10 (3) 1583-1624 10.5194/bg-10-1583-2013
43. Flerus, R.; Lechtenfeld, O. J.; Koch, B. P.; McCallister, S. L.; Schmitt-Kopplin, P.; Benner, R.; Kaiser, K.; Kattner, G. A molecular perspective on the ageing of marine dissolved organic matter Biogeosciences 2012, 9 (6) 1935-1955 10.5194/bg-9-1935-2012
44. Koch, B. P.; Witt, M.; Engbrodt, R.; Dittmar, T.; Kattner, G. Molecular formulae of marine and terrigenous dissolved organic matter detected by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2005, 69 (13) 3299-3308 10.1016/j.gca.2005.02.027
45. Dittmar, T.; Paeng, J. A heat-induced molecular signature in marine dissolved organic matter Nat. Geosci. 2009, 2, 175-179 10.1038/ngeo440
46. Koch, B. P.; Ludwichowski, K.-U.; Kattner, G.; Dittmar, T.; Witt, M. Advanced characterization of marine dissolved organic matter by combining reversed-phase liquid chromatography and FT-ICR-MS Mar. Chem. 2008, 111 (3-4) 233-241 10.1016/j.marchem.2008.05.008
47. Gonsior, M.; Hertkorn, N.; Conte, M. H.; Cooper, W. J.; Bastviken, D.; Druffel, E.; Schmitt-Kopplin, P. Photochemical production of polyols arising from significant photo-transformation of dissolved organic matter in the oligotrophic surface ocean Mar. Chem. 2014, 163 (0) 10-18 10.1016/j.marchem.2014.04.002
48. Gonsior, M.; Schmitt-Kopplin, P.; Bastviken, D. Depth-dependent molecular composition and photo-reactivity of dissolved organic matter in a boreal lake under winter and summer conditions Biogeosciences 2013, 10 (11) 6945-6956 10.5194/bg-10-6945-2013
49. Morris, A. W.; Riley, J. P. The bromide/chlorinity and sulphate/chlorinity ratio in sea water Deep-Sea Res. Oceanogr. Abstr. 1966, 13 (4) 699-705 10.1016/0011-7471(66)90601-2
50. Dittmar, T.; Koch, B.; Hertkorn, N.; Kattner, G. A simple and efficient method for the solid-phase extraction of dissolved organic matter (SPE-DOM) from seawater Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods 2008, 6 (June) 230-235 10.4319/lom.2008.6.230
51. Sugimura, Y.; Suzuki, Y. A High-Temperature Catalytic-Oxidation Method for the Determination of Non-volatile Dissolved Organic Carbon-Carbon in Seawater by Direct Injection of a Liquid Sample Mar. Chem. 1988, 24 (2) 105-131 10.1016/0304-4203(88)90043-6
52. van Krevelen, D. W. Graphical-statistical method for the study of structure and reaction processes of coal Fuel 1950, 29, 269-284
53. Kendrick, E. A mass scale based on CH2=14.0000 for high resolution mass spectrometry of organic compounds Anal. Chem. 1963, 35, 2146 10.1021/ac60206a048
54. Shakeri Yekta, S.; Gonsior, M.; Schmitt-Kopplin, P.; Svensson, B. H. Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in Full Scale Continuous Stirred Tank Biogas Reactors Using Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry: A Qualitative Overview Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (22) 12711-12719 10.1021/es3024447
55. Kumar, K.; Margerum, D. W. Kinetics and mechanism of general-acid-assisted oxidation of bromide by hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26 (16) 2706-2711 10.1021/ic00263a030
56. Binet, M. T.; Stauber, J. L.; Adams, M. S.; Rhodes, S.; Wech, J. Toxicity of brominated volatile organics to freshwater biota Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010, 29 (9) 1984-1993 10.1002/etc.239
57. Gong, T.; Zhang, X. Detection, identification and formation of new iodinated disinfection byproducts in chlorinated saline wastewater effluents Water Res. 2015, 68 (0) 77-86 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.041
58. Čulin, J.; Mustać, B. Environmental risks associated with ballast water management systems that create disinfection by-products (DBPs) Ocean & Coastal Management 2015, 105 (0) 100-105 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.01.004