The betalain secondary metabolic network

Pigments in Fruits and Vegetables

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 127-140

  Hatlestad, Gregory J ^a   Lloyd, Alan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

4 o clock; Beet; Betacyanin; Betalain; Betanidin; Betanin; Betaxanthin; Caryophyllales; CYP76AD1; DODA; Portulaca

Indexed keywords

EID: 84938356601     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2356-4_6     Document Type: Chapter

References (42)

1. Clement JC, Mabry TJ (1996) Pigment evolution in the Caryophyllales: a systematic overview. Bot Acta 109:360-367
2. Strack D, Vogt T, Schliemann W (2003) Recent advances in betalain research. Phytochemistry 62:247-269
3. Cai Y, Sun M, Corke H (2003) Antioxidant activity of betalains from plants of the Amaranthaceae. J Agric Food Chem 51:2288-2294
4. Herbach KM, Stintzing FC, Carle R (2006) Betalain stability and degradation-structural and chromatic aspects. J Food Sci 71:41-50
5. Cuenoud P, Savolainen V, Chatrou LW, Powell M, Grayer RJ, Chase MW (2002) Molecular phylogenetics of Caryophyllales based on nuclear 18 S rDNA and plastid rbcL, atpB, and matK DNA sequences. Am J Bot 89:132-144
6. Brockington SF, Walker RH, Glover BJ, Soltis PS, Soltis DE (2011) Complex pigment evolution in the Caryophyllales. New Phytol 190(4):854-864
7. Christinet L, Burdet FX, Zaiko M, Hinz U, Zrÿd JP (2004) Characterization and functional identification of a novel plant 4,5-extradiol dioxygenase involved in betalain pigment biosyn-thesis in Portulaca grandiflora. Plant Physiol 134:265-274
8. Hatlestad GJ, Sunnadeniya RM, Gonzalez A, Akhavan NA, Goldman IL, McGrath JM, Lloyd AM (2011) The beet R locus encodes a new cytochrome P450 required for red betalain production. Nat Genet 44(7):816-820
9. Schliemann W, Kobayashi N, Strack D (1999) The decisive step in betaxanthin biosynthesis is a spontaneous reaction. Plant Physiol 119:1217-1232
10. Vogt T, Grimm R, Strack D (1999) Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding betanidin 5-O-glucosyltransferase, a betanidin- and flavonoid-specific enzyme with high homology to inducible glucosyltransferases from the Solanaceae. Plant J 19:509-521
11. Isayenkova J, Wray V, Nimtz M, Strack D, Vogt T (2006) Cloning and functional characterisation of two regioselective flavonoid glucosyltransferases from Beta vulgaris. Phytochemistry 67:1598-1612
12. Sasaki N, Wada K, Koda T, Kasahara K, Adachi T, Ozeki Y (2005) Isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding an enzyme with glucosyltransferase activity for cyclo-DOPA from four O’clocks and feather cockscombs. Plant Cell Physiol 46(4):666-670
13. Korner A, Pawelek J (1982) Mammalian tyrosinase catalyzes three reactions in the biosyn-thesis of melanin. Science 217:1163-1165
14. Steiner U, Schliemann W, Böhm H, Strack D (1999) Tyrosinase involved in betalain biosyn-thesis of higher plants. Planta 208:114-124
15. Mayer AM (2006) Polyphenol oxidases in plants and fungi: going places? A review. Phyto-chemistry 67:2318-2331
16. Vaughn KC, Lax AR, Duke SO (1988) Polyphenol oxidase: the chloroplast enzyme with no established function. Physiol Plant 72:659-665
17. Keller W (1936) Inheritance of some major color types in beets. J Agric Res 52:27-38
18. Rheinberger H (2000) Mendelian inheritance in Germany between 1900 and 1910. The case of Carl Correns (1864-1933). C R Acad Sci III 323:1089-1096
19. Showalter HM (1934) Self flower color inheritance and mutation in Mirabilis jalapa. Genetics 19:568-580
20. Prakken R (1944) Contribution to the genetics and cytology of Mirabilis. Hereditas 30:201-212
21. Engels JMM, Kester WNM, Spitters CJT, Vosselman L, Zeven AC (1975) Investigations of the inheritance of flower variegation in Mirabilis jalapa L. 1. General introduction and 2. Inheritance of color in uniformly colored flowers. Euphytica 24:1-5
22. Goldman IL, Austin D (2000) Linkage among the R, Y and BI loci in table beet. Theor Appl Genet 100:337-343
23. Trezzini GF, Zrÿd JP (1990) Portulaca grandiflora: a model system for study of the biochemistry and genetics of betalain synthesis. Acta Hortic 280:581-585
24. Mueller LA, Hinz U, Zrÿd JP (1997) The formation of betalamic acid and muscaflavin by recombinant dopa-dioxygenase from Amanita. Phytochemistry 44:567-569
25. Shin KS, Murthy HN, Heo JW, Paek KY (2003) Induction of betalain pigmentation in hairy roots of red beet under different radiation sources. Biol Plant 47:149-152
26. Scherer GFE, Holk A (2000) NO donors mimic and NO inhibitors inhibit cytokinin action in betalaine accumulation in Amaranthus caudatus. Plant Growth Regul 32:345-350
27. Suresh B, Thimmaraju R, Bhagyalakshmi N, Ravishankar GA (2004) Polyamine and methyl jasmonate-induced enhancement of betalaine production in hairy root cultures of Beta vulgaris grown in bubble column reactor and studies on efflux of pigments. Process Biochem 39:2091-2096
28. Savitha BC, Thimmaraju R, Bhagyalakshmi N, Ravishankar GA (2006) Different biotic and abiotic elicitors influence betalain production in hairy root cultures of Beta vulgaris in shake-flask and bioreactor. Process Biochem 41:50-60
29. Mukundan U, Bhide V, Dawda H (1999) Production of betalains by hairy root cultures of Beta vulgaris. L. In: Fu TJ, Singh G, Curtis WR (eds) Plant cell and tissue culture for the production of food ingredients. Academic/Plenum, New York, pp 121-127. (ISBN 0-306-46100-5)
30. Vogt T, Ibdah M, Schmidt J, Wray V, Nimtz M, Strack D (1999) Light-induced betacyanin and flavonol accumulation in bladder cells of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Phytochemistry 52:583-592
31. Zhao SZ, Sun H, Chen M, Wang B (2010) Light-regulated betacyanin accumulation in euhalophyte Suaeda salsa calli. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 102:99-107
32. Hinz UG, Fivaz J, Girod PA, Zrÿd JP (1997) The gene coding for the DOPA dioxygenase involved in betalain biosynthesis in Amanita muscaria and its regulation. Mol Gen Genet 256:1-6
33. Guengerich FP (2001) Common and uncommon cytochrome P450 reactions related to metabolism and chemical toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 14:611-650
34. Lewellen RT (2004) Registration of Rhizomania resistant, monogerm populations C869 and C869CMS sugarbeet. Crop Sci 44:357-358
35. Vogt T (2002) Substrate specificity and sequence analysis define a polyphyletic origin of betanidin 5- and 6-O-glucosyltransferase from Dorotheanthus bellidiformis. Planta 214:492-495
36. Sasaki N, Abe Y, Goda Y, Adachi T, Kasahara K, Ozeki Y (2009) Detection of DOPA 4,5-Dioxygenase (DOD) activity using recombinant protein prepared from Escherichia coli cells harboring cDNA encoding DOD from Mirabilis jalapa. Plant Cell Physiol 50(5):1012-1016
37. Gandía-Herrero F, García-Carmona F (2012) Characterization of recombinant Beta vulgaris 4,5-DOPA-extradiol-dioxygenase active in the biosynthesis of betalains. Planta 236:91-100
38. Harris NN, Javellana J, Davies KM, Lewis KM, Jameson PE, Deroles SC, Calcott KE, Gould KS, Schwinn KE (2012) Betalain production is possible in anthocyanin producing plant species given the presence of DOPA-dioxygenase and L-DOPA. BMC Plant Biol 12:34
39. McGrath J, Trebbi D, Fenwick A, Panella L, Schulz B, Laurent V, Barnes S, Murray S (2007) An open-source first-generation molecular genetic map from a sugarbeet x table beet cross and its extension to physical mapping. Crop Sci 47:S27-S44
40. McGrath JM, Shaw RS, de los Reyes BG, Weiland JJ (2004) Construction of a sugar beet BAC library from a hybrid with diverse traits. Plant Mol Biol Rep 22:23-28
41. Dohm JC, Lange C, Holtgräwe D, Sörensen TR, Borchardt D, Schulz B, Lehrach H, Weisshaar B, Himmelbauer H (2012) Palaeohexaploid ancestry for Caryophyllales inferred from extensive gene-based physical and genetic mapping of the sugar beet genome (Beta vulgaris). Plant J 70(3):528-540
42. Stafford HA (1994) Anthocyanins and betalains: evolution of the mutually exclusive pathways. Plant Sci 101:91-98