메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 447-466

Development, Counterinsurgency, and the Destruction of the Iraqi Marshes

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARMED FORCES; GOVERNMENT; LAND DEGRADATION; MARSH; WAR;

EID: 84938327733     PISSN: 00207438     EISSN: 14716380     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0020743815000495     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (18)

References (175)
  • 1
    • 84938343580 scopus 로고
    • Saddam Defies Sanctions with Waterworks and Fairy Lights
    • 8 December
    • "Saddam Defies Sanctions with Waterworks and Fairy Lights, " The Guardian, 8 December 1992.
    • (1992) The Guardian
  • 2
    • 61349126853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecocide and genocide in Iraq: International law, the marsh arabs, and environmental damage in non-international conflicts
    • Aaron Schwabach, "Ecocide and Genocide in Iraq: International Law, the Marsh Arabs, and Environmental Damage in Non-International Conflicts, " Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law & Policy 15 (2004): 1-28.
    • (2004) Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law & Policy , vol.15 , pp. 1-28
    • Schwabach, A.1
  • 3
    • 84938325943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What happened to the iraqi marsh arabs and their land?
    • Working Paper 2004, accessed 2 September 2014
    • H. K. Andriansen, "What happened to the Iraqi Marsh Arabs and their land?" Danish Institute for International StudiesWorking Paper, 2004, accessed 2 September 2014, http://mercury.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/18548/ipublicationdocument-singledocument/eebba5d5-e83d-4d1aaf7b-378cf7f9ef0e/en/Iraqi-MarshArabs.pdf.
    • Danish Institute for International Studies
    • Andriansen, H.K.1
  • 4
    • 84938296372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Full text of the iraqi constitution
    • 12 October 2005, accessed 9 October 2012
    • "Full Text of the Iraqi Constitution, " Washington Post, 12 October 2005, accessed 9 October 2012, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/12/AR2005101201450.html.
    • Washington Post
  • 9
    • 79959389720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The swamps of home:marsh formation and settlement in the EarlyMedieval Near East
    • A. Asa Eger, "The Swamps of Home:Marsh Formation and Settlement in the EarlyMedieval Near East, " Journal of Near Eastern Studies 70 (2011): 55-79
    • (2011) Journal of Near Eastern Studies , vol.70 , pp. 55-79
    • Asa Eger, A.1
  • 10
    • 17744391112 scopus 로고
    • Marsh formation in the borsippa region and the course of the lower Euphrates
    • Steven W. Cole, "Marsh Formation in the Borsippa Region and the Course of the Lower Euphrates, " Journal of Near Eastern Studies 53 (1994): 84-96.
    • (1994) Journal of Near Eastern Studies , vol.53 , pp. 84-96
    • Cole, S.W.1
  • 12
    • 0003984674 scopus 로고
    • Berkeley, Calif University of California Press
    • Mitchell, Colonising Egypt (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1991).
    • (1991) Colonising Egypt
    • Mitchell1
  • 15
    • 84859153198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research note: Documenting saddam husseins Iraq
    • Lawrence Rubin, "Research Note: Documenting Saddam Husseins Iraq, " Contemporary Security Policy 32 (2011): 458-66.
    • (2011) Contemporary Security Policy , vol.32 , pp. 458-466
    • Rubin, L.1
  • 19
    • 84938400208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The security state and the practice and rhetoric of sectarianism in Iraq
    • Dina Rizk Khoury, "The Security State and the Practice and Rhetoric of Sectarianism in Iraq, " International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies 4 (2010): 325-38.
    • (2011) International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies , vol.4 , pp. 325-338
    • Rizk Khoury, D.1
  • 26
    • 0006814313 scopus 로고
    • Involuntary resettlement: Social research, policy, and planning
    • Michael Cernea, 3rd ed. (NewYork:OxfordUniversity Press
    • Michael Cernea, "Involuntary Resettlement: Social Research, Policy, and Planning, " in People First: Sociological Variables in RuralDevelopment, ed. Michael Cernea, 3rd ed. (NewYork:OxfordUniversity Press, 1995)
    • (1995) People First: Sociological Variables in RuralDevelopment
    • Cernea, M.1
  • 28
    • 84938294508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nancy Lee Peluso and Michael Watts (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press Introduction
    • Nancy Lee Peluso and Michael Watts, "Introduction, " in Violent Environments, ed. Nancy Lee Peluso and Michael Watts (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2001), 26
    • (2001) Violent Environments , vol.26
    • Lee Peluso, N.1    Watts, M.2
  • 29
    • 79956219842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political ecologies of war and forests: Counterinsurgencies and the Making of National Natures
    • Nancy Lee Peluso and Peter Vandergeest, "Political Ecologies of War and Forests: Counterinsurgencies and the Making of National Natures, " Annals of the Association of American Geographers 101 (2011): 587-608.
    • (2011) Annals of the Association of American Geographers , vol.101 , pp. 587-608
    • Lee Peluso, N.1    Vandergeest, P.2
  • 30
    • 34447531677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty-eight articles fundamentals of company-level Counterinsurgency
    • David Kilcullen, "Twenty-Eight Articles Fundamentals of Company-Level Counterinsurgency, " Marine Corps Gazette 90 (2006): 33.
    • (2006) Marine Corps Gazette , vol.90 , pp. 33
    • Kilcullen, D.1
  • 31
    • 84875314384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From bismarck to petraeus: The question of the social and the social Question in Counterinsurgency
    • Patricia Owens, "From Bismarck to Petraeus: The Question of the Social and the Social Question in Counterinsurgency, " European Journal of International Relations 19 (2012): 139-61.
    • (2012) European Journal of International Relations , vol.19 , pp. 139-161
    • Owens, P.1
  • 36
    • 84938348672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd ed., Brill Online 2012, Reference, University of Oklahoma Libraries, accessed 4 May 2012
    • Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd ed., Brill Online, 2012, Reference, University of Oklahoma Libraries, accessed 4 May 2012, http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaediaof-islam-2/al-batiha-COM-0104.
  • 37
    • 84938390901 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Travels of Ibn Battuta, A.D. 13251354, vol. 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958), 2712.
    • (1958) Travels of Ibn Battuta A.D. 1325-1354 , vol.2 , pp. 271-272
  • 38
    • 84994772552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rise and fall of the banu kab: A borderer state in southern Khuzestan
    • Willem Floor, "The Rise and Fall of the Banu Kab: A Borderer State in Southern Khuzestan, " Iran 44 (2006): 277-315
    • (2006) Iran , vol.44 , pp. 277-315
    • Floor, W.1
  • 40
    • 84938381321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The marsh dwellers of southern Iraq: Their habitat, origins, society, and Economy
    • 30 October 2007, accessed 2 September 2014
    • Albertine Jwaideh, "The Marsh Dwellers of Southern Iraq: Their Habitat, Origins, Society, and Economy, " Wadie Jwaideh Memorial Lecture, Indiana University, 30 October 2007, accessed 2 September 2014, http://www.indiana.edu/-nelc/events/documents/jwaideh-lecture-2007.pdf, p. 20.
    • Wadie Jwaideh Memorial Lecture, Indiana University , pp. 20
    • Jwaideh, A.1
  • 42
    • 43349149664 scopus 로고
    • The suqs of basrah: Commercial organization and activity in a medieval Islamic City
    • A. J. Naj and Y. N. Ali, "The Suqs of Basrah: Commercial Organization and Activity in a Medieval Islamic City, " Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 24 (1981): 298-309.
    • (1981) Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient , vol.24 , pp. 298-309
    • Naj, A.J.1    Ali, Y.N.2
  • 46
    • 84938412784 scopus 로고
    • The ottoman centuries in Iraq: Legacy or aftermath
    • Rhodes Murphey, "The Ottoman Centuries in Iraq: Legacy or Aftermath, " Journal of Turkish Studies (1983), 25
    • (1983) Journal of Turkish Studies , vol.25
    • Murphey, R.1
  • 49
    • 84938412633 scopus 로고
    • River control in mesopotamia
    • Evelyn Howell, "River Control in Mesopotamia, " Quarterly Review 237 (1922): 77, 82.
    • (1922) Quarterly Review , vol.237 , Issue.77 , pp. 82
    • Howell, E.1
  • 53
    • 84938385303 scopus 로고
    • The new irrigation era in Iraq
    • J. H. G. Lebon, "The New Irrigation Era in Iraq, " Economic Geography 31 (1955): 47-59
    • (1955) Economic Geography , vol.31 , pp. 47-59
    • Lebon, J.H.G.1
  • 58
    • 84928307865 scopus 로고
    • A splendid training ground: The importance to the royal air force of its Role in Iraq
    • Jafna Cox, "A Splendid Training Ground: The Importance to the Royal Air Force of Its Role in Iraq, " Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 13 (1985), 168-69.
    • (1985) Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History , vol.13 , pp. 168-169
    • Cox, J.1
  • 59
    • 84938306834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visser, Basra, 55-61, 100, 124
    • Basra , vol.55-61 , Issue.100 , pp. 124
    • Visser1
  • 61
    • 84876945651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baudelaire in Baghdad: Modernism, the body, and husayn mardans Poetics of the Self
    • Haytham Bahoora, "Baudelaire in Baghdad: Modernism, the Body, and Husayn Mardans Poetics of the Self, " International Journal of Middle East Studies 45 (2013): 313-29
    • (2013) International Journal of Middle East Studies , vol.45 , pp. 313-329
    • Bahoora, H.1
  • 66
    • 77049222389 scopus 로고
    • The national campaign against malaria in Iraq, part 1
    • Baghdad
    • Gordon Pringle, "The National Campaign against Malaria in Iraq, Part 1, " Bulletin of Endemic Diseases (Baghdad) 1 (1955): 87-118
    • (1955) Bulletin of Endemic Diseases , vol.1 , pp. 87-118
    • Pringle, G.1
  • 67
    • 73049159632 scopus 로고
    • Malaria eradication programme in Iraq, 1957-1960
    • Baghdad
    • Tariq Al-Amin, "Malaria Eradication Programme in Iraq, 1957-1960, " Bulletin of Endemic Diseases (Baghdad), 4 (1961): 1-16.
    • (1961) Bulletin of Endemic Diseases , vol.4 , pp. 1-16
    • Al-Amin, T.1
  • 68
    • 84918119032 scopus 로고
    • Studies in bilharziasis in Iraq, Part IV. The national anti-bilharzias campaign
    • Baghdad
    • J. Watson, "Studies in Bilharziasis in Iraq, Part IV. The National Anti-Bilharzias Campaign, " Journal of the Faculty of Medicine (Baghdad), 14 (1950): 25-37.
    • (1950) Journal of the Faculty of Medicine , vol.14 , pp. 25-37
    • Watson, J.1
  • 70
    • 0020974897 scopus 로고
    • The transformation of land tenure and rural social structure in central and Southern Iraq, c. 1870-1958
    • Marion Farouk-Sluglett and Peter Sluglett, "The Transformation of Land Tenure and Rural Social Structure in Central and Southern Iraq, c. 1870-1958, " International Journal of Middle East Studies 15 (1983): 491-505
    • (1983) International Journal of Middle East Studies , vol.15 , pp. 491-505
    • Farouk-Sluglett, M.1    Sluglett, P.2
  • 78
    • 85050370703 scopus 로고
    • Iraqs underground shia movement: Characteristics, causes, and Prospects
    • Hanna Batatu, "Iraqs Underground Shia Movement: Characteristics, Causes, and Prospects, " Middle East Journal 35 (1981): 583-85
    • (1981) Middle East Journal , vol.35 , pp. 583-585
    • Batatu, H.1
  • 79
    • 84938358725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
    • Yitzhak Nakash, The Shiis of Iraq (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1997), 25-26, 175.
    • (1997) The Shiis of Iraq , vol.25-26 , pp. 175
    • Nakash, Y.1
  • 86
    • 84972920519 scopus 로고
    • Bathism in practice: Agriculture, politics, and political culture in Syria and Iraq
    • Robert Springborg, "Bathism in Practice: Agriculture, Politics, and Political Culture in Syria and Iraq, " Middle Eastern Studies 17 (1981): 196.
    • (1981) Middle Eastern Studies , vol.17 , pp. 196
    • Springborg, R.1
  • 87
    • 84925973581 scopus 로고
    • Arab illiteracy and themass literacy campaign in Iraq
    • Christopher J. Lucas, "Arab Illiteracy and theMass Literacy Campaign in Iraq." Comparative Education Review 25 (1981): 74-84
    • (1981) Comparative Education Review , vol.25 , pp. 74-84
    • Lucas, C.J.1
  • 94
    • 0346038844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of environmental change on the fresh water fauna of Iraq
    • Laith Jawad, "Impact of Environmental Change on the Fresh Water Fauna of Iraq, " International Journal of Environmental Studies 60 (2003): 587-88.
    • (2003) International Journal of Environmental Studies , vol.60 , pp. 587-588
    • Jawad, L.1
  • 105
    • 84909448852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marsh arab rebellion: Grievance, mafias, and militias in Iraq
    • 15 October 2005, accessed 2 September 2014
    • Juan Cole, "Marsh Arab Rebellion: Grievance, Mafias, and Militias in Iraq, " Wadie Jwaideh Memorial Lecture, University of Indiana, 15 October 2005, accessed 2 September 2014, http://www.indiana.edu/-nelc/events/documents/jwaideh-lecture-2005.pdf
    • Wadie Jwaideh Memorial Lecture, University of Indiana
    • Cole, J.1
  • 106
    • 84938409972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lord of the marshes who defies saddam
    • 3 May
    • Julian Borger, "The Lord of the Marshes Who Defies Saddam, " The Observer, 3 May 1998.
    • (1998) The Observer
    • Borger, J.1
  • 110
    • 84938368098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assault on the marshes
    • Emma Nicholson and Peter Clark (London: Politico
    • Christopher Mitchell, "Assault on the Marshes, " in The Iraqi Marshlands: A Human and Environmental Study, ed. Emma Nicholson and Peter Clark (London: Politico, 2003), 68-69
    • (2003) The Iraqi Marshlands: A Human and Environmental Study , pp. 68-69
    • Mitchell, C.1
  • 113
    • 84863858755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Present status of buffalo production in Iraq
    • K.H. Juma, "Present Status of Buffalo Production in Iraq, " Buffalo Journal 2 (1997): 103-13
    • (1997) Buffalo Journal , vol.2 , pp. 103-113
    • Juma, K.H.1
  • 118
    • 0027044246 scopus 로고
    • The rebuilding of fao city, Iraq: A case of government post-war Reconstruction
    • Yasemin Aysan and Ian Davis (Oxford: James & James)
    • Sultan Barakat, "The Rebuilding of Fao City, Iraq: A Case of Government Post-War Reconstruction, " in Disasters and Small Dwellings, ed. Yasemin Aysan and Ian Davis (Oxford: James & James, 1992).
    • (1992) Disasters and Small Dwellings
    • Barakat, S.1
  • 121
    • 0003679984 scopus 로고
    • New York: W.W Norton
    • Kanan Makiya, Cruelty and Silence (New York: W.W. Norton, 1994), 102-3
    • (1994) Cruelty and Silence , pp. 102-103
    • Makiya, K.1
  • 127
    • 84938366756 scopus 로고
    • Iraq to uproot isolated marsh arabs
    • 7 May
    • James Anderson, "Iraq to Uproot Isolated Marsh Arabs, " Reuters News, 7 May 1992
    • (1992) Reuters News
    • Anderson, J.1
  • 128
    • 84938342644 scopus 로고
    • Tide turns against the marsh arabs
    • 7 May
    • Patrick Cockburn, "Tide Turns Against the Marsh Arabs, " The Independent, 7 May 1992.
    • (1992) The Independent
    • Cockburn, P.1
  • 132
    • 0031414317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neo-tribalism in Iraq: Saddam husseins tribal policies, 1991-96
    • Amatzia Baram, "Neo-tribalism in Iraq: Saddam Husseins Tribal Policies, 1991-96, " International Journal of Middle East Studies, 29 (1997): 1-31
    • (1997) International Journal of Middle East Studies , vol.29 , pp. 1-31
    • Baram, A.1
  • 134
    • 84938320163 scopus 로고
    • Iran aiding Iraqi Shiites, Arabs say Hussein sends arms to marsh tribesmen in bid to forestall infiltrators
    • 3 September
    • "Iran aiding Iraqi Shiites, Arabs say Hussein sends arms to marsh tribesmen in bid to forestall infiltrators, " The Globe and Mail, 3 September 1992.
    • (1992) The Globe and Mail
  • 136
    • 84938308334 scopus 로고
    • Murder of the marshes
    • 28 February
    • Shyam Bhatia, "Murder of the Marshes, " The Observer, 28 February 1993
    • (1993) The Observer
    • Bhatia, S.1
  • 137
    • 84938315190 scopus 로고
    • A remote southern marsh, Iraq is strangling the shiites
    • 16 November
    • Chris Hedges, "In a Remote Southern Marsh, Iraq Is Strangling the Shiites, " New York Times, 16 November 1993.
    • (1993) New York Times
    • Hedges, C.1
  • 138
    • 84938362374 scopus 로고
    • Saddams third river nearly complete amid row over threat to marsh Arabs
    • 27 August
    • Peter Smerdon, "Saddams Third River Nearly Complete Amid Row Over Threat to Marsh Arabs, " Reuters, 27 August 1992
    • (1992) Reuters
    • Smerdon, P.1
  • 139
    • 84938392288 scopus 로고
    • Iraqi push to complete strategic third river
    • 21 August
    • Christopher Bellamy, "Iraqi Push to Complete Strategic Third River, " The Independent, 21 August 1992.
    • (1992) The Independent
    • Bellamy, C.1
  • 141
    • 84938305576 scopus 로고
    • Turkeys stranglehold on the euphrates irks its neighbours
    • 3 January
    • Jim Bodgener, "Turkeys Stranglehold on the Euphrates Irks Its Neighbours, " Financial Times, 3 January 1990
    • (1990) Financial Times
    • Bodgener, J.1
  • 142
    • 77953979472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dams and politics in Turkey: Utilizing water, developing conflict
    • Joost Jongerden, "Dams and Politics in Turkey: Utilizing Water, Developing Conflict, " Middle East Policy 18 (2010): 137-43.
    • (2011) Middle East Policy , vol.18 , pp. 137-143
    • Jongerden, J.1
  • 144
    • 14544267641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The restoration potential of the mesopotamian marshes in Iraq
    • C. J. Richardson, Peter Reiss, Najah Hussain, Azzam Alwash, and Douglas Pool, "The Restoration Potential of the Mesopotamian Marshes in Iraq, " Science 307 (2005): 1307-11.
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , pp. 1307-1311
    • Richardson, C.J.1    Reiss, P.2    Hussain, N.3    Alwash, A.4    Pool, D.5
  • 145
    • 34548859851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of the river diversion, mesopotamian marsh drainage, and restoration, and river damming on the marine environment of the northwestern arabian gulf
    • F. Al-Yamani, J. M. Bishop, K. Al-Rifaie, and W. Ismail, "The Effects of the River Diversion, Mesopotamian Marsh Drainage, and Restoration, and River Damming on the Marine Environment of the Northwestern Arabian Gulf, " Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 10 (2007): 277-89.
    • (2007) Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management , vol.10 , pp. 277-289
    • Al-Yamani, F.1    Bishop, J.M.2    Al-Rifaie, K.3    Ismail, W.4
  • 147
    • 84938363360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iraqi sources say military attack launched on marsh arabs in the South
    • Al-Sharq al-Awsat (London) 17 September
    • Al-Sharq al-Awsat (London), "Iraqi Sources Say Military Attack Launched on Marsh Arabs in the South, " BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 17 September 1997.
    • (1997) BBC Summary of World Broadcasts
  • 148
    • 84938316268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical outline of the situation of the south iraqi refugees in Iran, Including the Marsh Dwellers
    • Nicholson
    • Jerome Le Roy, "Statistical Outline of the Situation of the South Iraqi Refugees in Iran, Including the Marsh Dwellers, " in Nicholson, The Iraqi Marshland.
    • The Iraqi Marshland
    • Le Roy, J.1
  • 149
    • 33744787040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoring the garden of eden: An ecological assessment of the marshes of Iraq
    • Curtis J. Richardson and Najah A. Hussain, "Restoring the Garden of Eden: An Ecological Assessment of the Marshes of Iraq, " BioScience 56 (2006): 477-89.
    • (2006) BioScience , vol.56 , pp. 477-489
    • Richardson, C.J.1    Hussain, N.A.2
  • 150
    • 0346901952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The United States and shiite religious factions in post-bathist Iraq
    • Juan Cole, "The United States and Shiite Religious Factions in Post-Bathist Iraq, " Middle East Journal, 57 (2003): 548, 554
    • (2003) Middle East Journal , vol.57 , Issue.548 , pp. 554
    • Cole, J.1
  • 151
    • 84938375382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marsh arabs threaten to resist army of occupation
    • 27 June
    • Patrick Cockburn, "Marsh Arabs Threaten to Resist Army of Occupation, " The Independent, 27 June 2003.
    • (2003) The Independent
    • Cockburn, P.1
  • 153
    • 84938413093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restating the case for war
    • 3 November 2003, accessed 11 February 2014
    • Christopher Hitchens, "Restating the Case for War, " Slate, 3 November 2003, accessed 11 February 2014, http://www.slate.com/articles/newsand-politics/fighting-words/2003/11/restating-The-case-for-war.html
    • Slate
    • Hitchens, C.1
  • 156
    • 84938329461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iraqi marshes face grave new threat
    • Baghdad 24 February
    • Jim Muir, "Iraqi Marshes Face Grave New Threat, " BBC News (Baghdad), 24 February 2009
    • (2009) BBC News
    • Muir, J.1
  • 158
    • 84938401149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prince loses favor in amara
    • 21 February 2005, accessed 31 August 2012
    • Dhiya Rasan, "Prince Loses Favor in Amara, " Institute for War and Peace Reporting, 21 February 2005, accessed 31 August 2012, http://iwpr.net/report-news/prince%E2%80%9D-loses-favour-amara
    • Institute for War and Peace Reporting
    • Rasan, D.1
  • 159
    • 84938368208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Security in the maysan province deteriorates
    • Washington D.C 13 October 2006, accessed 27 August 2014
    • "Security in the Maysan Province Deteriorates, " Confidential Memo from Regional Embassy Office, Basra to Secretary of State, Washington D.C., 13 October 2006, accessed 27 August 2014, https://wikileaks.org/cable/2006/10/06BASRAH160.html
    • Confidential Memo from Regional Embassy Office, Basra to Secretary of State
  • 160
    • 84938407649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maysan province contacts says it is not ready for pic
    • Washington D.C 12 December 2006, accessed 27 August 2014
    • "Maysan Province Contacts Says It Is Not Ready for PIC, " Confidential Memo From Regional Embassy Office, Basra to Secretary of State, Washington D.C., 12 December 2006, accessed 27 August 2014, https://wikileaks.org/cable/2006/12/06BASRAH176.html.
    • Confidential Memo from Regional Embassy Office, Basra to Secretary of State
  • 162
    • 84938320881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • December U.S. Agency for InternationalAid, accessed 27 August 2014
    • U.S. Agency for InternationalAid, Final Report: Agricultural Reconstruction and Development Program for Iraq, December 2006, 323, 328, accessed 27 August 2014, http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf-docs/Pdacj285.pdf.
    • (2006) Final Report: Agricultural Reconstruction and Development Program for Iraq , vol.323 , pp. 328
  • 165
    • 84938315736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central intelligence agency special intelligence memorandum
    • 20 August 1993 accessed 13 July
    • Central Intelligence Agency, Special Intelligence Memorandum, "Humanitarian Situation in the Marshes, " 20 August 1993, accessed 13 July 2012, http://www.gwu.edu/-nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB167/11.pdf.
    • (2012) Humanitarian Situation in the Marshes
  • 166
    • 77950347816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The collectivization famine in Kazakhstan, 1931-1933
    • N. Pianciola, "The Collectivization Famine in Kazakhstan, 1931-1933, " Harvard Ukrainian Studies 25 (2001): 237-51.
    • (2001) Harvard Ukrainian Studies , vol.25 , pp. 237-251
    • Pianciola, N.1
  • 168
    • 50149089012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental destruction as a counterinsurgency strategy in the Kurdistan Region of Turkey
    • Jacob van Etten, Joost Jongerden, Hugo J. de Vos, Annemarie Klaasse, and Esther C.E. van Hoeve, "Environmental Destruction as a Counterinsurgency Strategy in the Kurdistan Region of Turkey, " Geoforum 29 (2008): 1786-97
    • (2008) Geoforum , vol.29 , pp. 1786-1797
    • Van Etten, J.1    Jongerden, J.2    De Vos Hugo, J.3    Klaasse, A.4    Van Hoeve Esther, C.E.5
  • 169
    • 77953979472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dams and politics in Turkey: Utilizing water, developing conflict
    • Joost Jongerden, "Dams and Politics in Turkey: Utilizing Water, Developing Conflict, " Middle East Policy 17 (2010): 137-43
    • (2011) Middle East Policy , vol.17 , pp. 137-143
    • Jongerden, J.1
  • 170
    • 84862532399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental consequences of civilwar: Evidence from the Kurdish Conflict in Turkey
    • Mehmet Gurses, "Environmental Consequences of CivilWar: Evidence from the Kurdish Conflict in Turkey, " Civil Wars 14 (2012): 254-71.
    • (2012) Civil Wars , vol.14 , pp. 254-271
    • Gurses, M.1
  • 172
    • 70450175226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Walls as technologies of government: The double construction of Geographies of Peace and Conflict in Israeli Politics, 2002-Present
    • Samer Alatout, "Walls as Technologies of Government: The Double Construction of Geographies of Peace and Conflict in Israeli Politics, 2002-Present, " Annals of the Association of American Geographers 99 (2009): 956-68.
    • (2009) Annals of the Association of American Geographers , vol.99 , pp. 956-968
    • Alatout, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.