메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 102, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 87-172

Before marriage: The unexplored history of nonmarital recognition and its relationship to marriage

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84938272476     PISSN: 00081221     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (37)

References (226)
  • 1
    • 66349099431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do transsexuals dream of gay rights? Getting real about transgender inclusion
    • (Paisley Currah et al. eds.
    • Shannon Price Minter, Do Transsexuals Dream of Gay Rights? Getting Real About Transgender Inclusion, in TRANSGENDER RIGHTS 141, 145-46 (Paisley Currah et al. eds., 2006).
    • (2006) Transgender Rights , vol.141 , pp. 145-146
    • Minter, S.P.1
  • 2
    • 84871900297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The legal mobilization dilemma
    • Douglas NeJaime, The Legal Mobilization Dilemma, 61 EMORY L.J. 663 (2012).
    • (2012) Emory L.J. , vol.61 , pp. 663
    • Douglas NeJaime1
  • 3
    • 85021925895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Same-sex marriage and the afterlife of homophobia
    • (Carlos Motta & Jonathan Lubin-Levy eds
    • Katherine Franke, Public Sex, Same-Sex Marriage, and the Afterlife of Homophobia, in PETITE MORT 156, 158 (Carlos Motta & Jonathan Lubin-Levy eds., 2011) .
    • (2011) Petite Mort , vol.156 , pp. 158
    • Franke, K.1    Sex, P.2
  • 4
    • 77954131122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The politics of same-sex marriage politics
    • Katherine M. Franke, The Politics of Same-Sex Marriage Politics, 15 COLUM. J. GENDER & L. 236, 242 (2006) .
    • (2006) Colum. J. Gender & L. , vol.15 , Issue.236 , pp. 242
    • Franke, K.M.1
  • 5
    • 84856277406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marriage as punishment
    • Melissa Murray, Marriage as Punishment, 112 COLUM. L. REV. 1, 59 (2012) .
    • (2012) Colum. L. Rev. , vol.112 , Issue.1 , pp. 59
    • Murray, M.1
  • 6
    • 84871175474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's so new about the new illegitimacy?
    • Melissa Murray, What's So New About the New Illegitimacy?, 20 AM. U. J. GENDER SOC. POL'Y & L. 387, 433 (2012) .
    • (2012) Am. U. J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. , vol.20 , Issue.387 , pp. 433
    • Murray, M.1
  • 7
    • 34249890838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ending marriage as we know it
    • Nancy D. Polikoff, Ending Marriage as We Know It, 32 HOFSTRA L. REV. 201, 203 (2003) .
    • (2003) Hofstra L. Rev. , vol.32 , Issue.201 , pp. 203
    • Polikoff, N.D.1
  • 8
    • 84940271390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanding boundaries: A century of legal history
    • (James M. Banner Jr. ed., 2010
    • Christopher L. Tomlins, Expanding Boundaries: A Century of Legal History, in A CENTURY OF AMERICAN HISTORIOGRAPHY 78, 89 (James M. Banner Jr. ed., 2010) .
    • A Century of American Historiography , vol.78 , pp. 89
    • Tomlins, C.L.1
  • 9
    • 85011024676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulating at the margins: Non-traditional kinship and the legal regulation of intimate and family life
    • Courtney Megan Cahill, Regulating at the Margins: Non-Traditional Kinship and the Legal Regulation of Intimate and Family Life, 54 ARIZ. L. REV. 43, 47 (2012)
    • (2012) Ariz. L. Rev. , vol.54 , Issue.43 , pp. 47
    • Cahill, C.M.1
  • 10
    • 41149088535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wifely behavior: A legal history of acting married
    • Ariela R. Dubler, Wifely Behavior: A Legal History of Acting Married, 100 COLUM. L. REV. 957, 961 (2000).
    • (2000) Colum. L. Rev. , vol.100 , Issue.957 , pp. 961
    • Dubler, A.R.1
  • 11
    • 77954200166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lawyering for marriage equality
    • Scott L. Cummings & Douglas NeJaime, Lawyering for Marriage Equality, 57 UCLA L. REV. 1235 (2010).
    • (2010) Ucla L. Rev. , vol.57 , pp. 1235
    • Cummings, S.L.1    Douglas NeJaime2
  • 12
    • 0347649449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some effects of identity-based social movements on constitutional law in the twentieth century
    • William N. Eskridge Jr., Some Effects of Identity-Based Social Movements on Constitutional Law in the Twentieth Century, 100 MICH. L. REV. 2062, 2065-66 (2002)
    • (2002) Mich. L. Rev. , vol.100 , Issue.2062 , pp. 2065-2066
    • Eskridge Jr., W.N.1
  • 13
    • 33846165790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Originalism as a political practice: The right's living constitution
    • Robert Post & Reva Siegel, Originalism as a Political Practice: The Right's Living Constitution, 75 FORDHAM L. REV. 545, 570 (2006)
    • (2006) Fordham L. Rev. , vol.75 , Issue.545 , pp. 570
    • Post, R.1    Siegel, R.2
  • 14
    • 34047195725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutional culture, social movement conflict and constitutional change: The case of the de facto era
    • Reva B. Siegel, Constitutional Culture, Social Movement Conflict and Constitutional Change: The Case of the De Facto ERA, 94 CALIF. L. REV. 1323, 1329 (2006).
    • (2006) Calif. L. Rev. , vol.94 , Issue.1323 , pp. 1329
    • Siegel, R.B.1
  • 15
    • 1842810274 scopus 로고
    • Tales of two cities: Aids and the legal recognition of domestic partnerships in san francisco and new york
    • David L. Chambers, Tales of Two Cities: AIDS and the Legal Recognition of Domestic Partnerships in San Francisco and New York, 2 LAW & SEXUALITY 181, 182-99 (1992)
    • (1992) Law & Sexuality , vol.2 , Issue.181 , pp. 182-199
    • Chambers, D.L.1
  • 16
    • 84940254276 scopus 로고
    • Obtaining traditional family benefits through litigation, legislation, and collective bargaining
    • Barbara J. Cox, Alternative Families: Obtaining Traditional Family Benefits Through Litigation, Legislation, and Collective Bargaining, 2 WIS. WOMEN'S L.J. 1, 33-39 (1986).
    • (1986) Wis. Women's L.J. , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-39
    • Cox, B.J.1    Families, A.2
  • 17
    • 68949192330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strange bedfellows: Criminal law, family law, and the legal construction of intimate life
    • Melissa Murray, Strange Bedfellows: Criminal Law, Family Law, and the Legal Construction of Intimate Life, 94 IOWA L. REV. 1253, 1298 (2009)
    • (2009) Iowa L. Rev. , vol.94 , Issue.1253 , pp. 1298
    • Murray, M.1
  • 18
    • 0031496216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrity and universality: A comment on ronald dworkin's freedom's law
    • Robin West, Integrity and Universality: A Comment on Ronald Dworkin's Freedom's Law, 65 FORDHAM L. REV. 1313, 1325 (1997).
    • (1997) Fordham L. Rev. , vol.65 , Issue.1313 , pp. 1325
    • West, R.1
  • 19
    • 0034350339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sexual freedom cases?: Contraception, abortion, abstinence, and the constitution
    • David B. Cruz, "The Sexual Freedom Cases"?: Contraception, Abortion, Abstinence, and the Constitution, 35 HARV. C.R.-C.L. L. REV. 299 (2000).
    • (2000) Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. , vol.35 , pp. 299
    • Cruz, D.B.1
  • 23
    • 33751213882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movements and memory: The making of the stonewall myth
    • Elizabeth A. Armstrong & Suzanna M. Crage, Movements and Memory: The Making of the Stonewall Myth, 71 AM. SOC. REV. 724, 744 (2006).
    • (2006) Am. Soc. Rev. , vol.71 , Issue.724 , pp. 744
    • Armstrong, E.A.1    Crage, S.M.2
  • 24
    • 21344496622 scopus 로고
    • Litigating for lesbian and gay rights: A legal history
    • Patricia A. Cain, Litigating for Lesbian and Gay Rights: A Legal History, 79 VA. L. REV. 1551, 1558-89 (1993).
    • (1993) Va. L. Rev. , vol.79 , Issue.1551 , pp. 1558-1589
    • Cain, P.A.1
  • 25
    • 84940296228 scopus 로고
    • rev. 1978 available at
    • GAY LIBERATION FRONT, MANIFESTO 1 (1971, rev. 1978), available at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/glf-london.asp.
    • (1971) Gay Liberation Front Manifesto , vol.1
  • 26
    • 84940221530 scopus 로고
    • The church, state and homosexuality: A radical analysis
    • Ralph Hall, The Church, State and Homosexuality: A Radical Analysis, GAY POWER, no. 14, 1970.
    • (1970) Gay Power , Issue.14
    • Hall, R.1
  • 28
    • 84940283580 scopus 로고
    • Radicalesbians, reprinted in GAY FLAMES PAMPHLET
    • RADICALESBIANS, THE WOMAN-IDENTIFIED WOMAN, reprinted in GAY FLAMES PAMPHLET NO. 2 (1970) .
    • (1970) The Woman-Identified Woman , Issue.2
  • 29
    • 0346419651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [hereinafter ESKRIDGE, EQUALITY PRACTICE]
    • WILLIAM N. ESKRIDGE JR., EQUALITY PRACTICE 6-9 (2002) [hereinafter ESKRIDGE, EQUALITY PRACTICE]
    • (2002) Equality Practice , pp. 6-9
    • Eskridge Jr., W.N.1
  • 32
    • 84876274515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making sense of the marriage debate
    • Jane S. Schacter, Making Sense of the Marriage Debate, 91 TEX. L. REV. 1185, 1188 (2013) .
    • (2013) Tex. L. Rev. , vol.91 , Issue.1185 , pp. 1188
    • Schacter, J.S.1
  • 34
    • 77950190266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Courts and the politics of backlash: Marriage equality litigation, then and now
    • Jane S. Schacter, Courts and the Politics of Backlash: Marriage Equality Litigation, Then and Now, 82 S. CAL. L. REV. 1153, 1212-13 (2009) .
    • (2009) S. Cal. L. Rev. , vol.82 , Issue.1153 , pp. 1212-1213
    • Schacter, J.S.1
  • 35
    • 84940254879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History last visited Oct. 23
    • History, LAMBDA LEGAL, http://www.lambdalegal.org/about-us/history (last visited Oct. 23, 2013).
    • (2013) Lambda Legal
  • 37
    • 84940293872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When gay marriage was radical
    • (July 23, 4:17 PM
    • Michael Boucai, When Gay Marriage Was Radical, HUFFINGTON POST (July 23, 2013, 4:17 PM), http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-boucai/when-gay-marriage- was-radical-b-3636437.html.
    • (2013) Huffington Post
    • Boucai, M.1
  • 38
    • 84940215565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing the marriage equation, 89 wash
    • Deborah A. Widiss, Changing the Marriage Equation, 89 WASH. U. L. REV. 721, 771-72 (2012).
    • (2012) U. L. Rev , vol.721 , pp. 771-772
    • Widiss, D.A.1
  • 39
    • 84940231530 scopus 로고
    • available at
    • REDSTOCKINGS, REDSTOCKINGS MANIFESTO (1969), available at http://www.redstockings.org/index.php?option=com-content&view= article&id=76&Itemid=59
    • (1969) Redstockings Redstockings Manifesto
  • 40
    • 84985311186 scopus 로고
    • The sex right: A legal history of the marital rape exemption
    • Rebecca M. Ryan, The Sex Right: A Legal History of the Marital Rape Exemption, 20 J.L. & SOC. INQ. 941, 975 (1995).
    • (1995) J.L. & Soc. Inq , vol.20 , Issue.941 , pp. 975
    • Ryan, R.M.1
  • 43
    • 85007139416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Love with a proper stranger: What anti-miscegenation laws can tell us about the meaning of race, sex, and marriage
    • Rachel F. Moran, Love with a Proper Stranger: What Anti-Miscegenation Laws Can Tell Us About the Meaning of Race, Sex, and Marriage, 32 HOFSTRA L. REV. 1663, 1678 (2004).
    • (2004) Hofstra L. Rev. , vol.32 , Issue.1663 , pp. 1678
    • Moran, R.F.1
  • 45
    • 33646054223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family policy past as prologue: Jimmy carter the white house conference on families, and the mobilization of the new christian right
    • Leo P. Ribuffo, Family Policy Past as Prologue: Jimmy Carter, the White House Conference on Families, and the Mobilization of the New Christian Right, 23 REV. POL'Y RES. 311, 318 (2006).
    • (2006) Rev. Pol'y Res , vol.23 , Issue.311 , pp. 318
    • Ribuffo, L.P.1
  • 46
    • 3042735327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutional choices: Legal feminism and the historical dynamics of change
    • Serena Mayeri, Constitutional Choices: Legal Feminism and the Historical Dynamics of Change, 92 CALIF. L. REV. 755, 792 (2004).
    • (2004) Calif. L. Rev. , vol.92 , Issue.755 , pp. 792
    • Mayeri, S.1
  • 47
    • 84961581077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contextualizing the sexuality debates: A chronology 1966-2005
    • Lisa Duggan & Nan D Hunter eds
    • Nan D. Hunter, Contextualizing the Sexuality Debates: A Chronology 1966-2005, in SEX WARS: SEXUAL DISSENT AND POLITICAL CULTURE 15, 18 (Lisa Duggan & Nan D. Hunter eds., 2006).
    • (2006) Sex Wars: Sexual Dissent And Political Culture , vol.15 , Issue.18
    • Hunter, N.D.1
  • 48
    • 79957446044 scopus 로고
    • Equal rights plan and abortion are opposed by 15,000 at rally
    • Nov. 20
    • Judy Klemesrud, Equal Rights Plan and Abortion Are Opposed by 15,000 at Rally, N.Y. TIMES, Nov. 20, 1977, at 32.
    • (1977) N.Y. Times , pp. 32
    • Klemesrud, J.1
  • 50
    • 0347740450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dead language: Divorce law and practice before no-fault
    • Lawrence M. Friedman, A Dead Language: Divorce Law and Practice Before No-Fault, 86 VA. L. REV. 1497 (2000).
    • (2000) Va. L. Rev. , vol.86 , pp. 1497
    • Friedman, L.M.1
  • 51
    • 9544252156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The deinstitutionalization of american marriage
    • Andrew J. Cherlin, The Deinstitutionalization of American Marriage, 66 J. MARRIAGE & FAM. 848, 852 (2004)
    • (2004) J. Marriage & Fam. , vol.66 , Issue.848 , pp. 852
    • Cherlin, A.J.1
  • 53
    • 84867279562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family law pluralism: The guided-choice regime of menus, defaults, and override rules
    • William N. Eskridge Jr., Family Law Pluralism: The Guided-Choice Regime of Menus, Defaults, and Override Rules, 100 GEO. L.J. 1881, 1955 (2012) .
    • (2012) Geo. L.J. , vol.100 , Issue.1881 , pp. 1955
    • Eskridge Jr., W.N.1
  • 55
    • 0032372442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marriage as partnership
    • Sanford N. Katz, Marriage as Partnership, 73 NOTRE DAME L. REV. 1251, 1257 (1998).
    • (1998) Notre Dame L. Rev. , vol.73 , Issue.1251 , pp. 1257
    • Katz, S.N.1
  • 56
    • 69249150441 scopus 로고
    • Cohabitation without marriage: A different perspective
    • Grace Ganz Blumberg, Cohabitation Without Marriage: A Different Perspective, 28 UCLA L. REV. 1125, 1128-29 (1981).
    • (1981) Ucla L. Rev. , vol.28 , Issue.1125 , pp. 1128-1129
    • Blumberg, G.G.1
  • 57
    • 84871809839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new "illegitimacy": Winning backward in the protection of the children of lesbian couples
    • Nancy D. Polikoff, The New "Illegitimacy": Winning Backward in the Protection of the Children of Lesbian Couples, 20 AM. U. J. GENDER SOC. POL'Y & L. 721 (2012).
    • (2012) Am. U. J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. , vol.20 , pp. 721
    • Polikoff, N.D.1
  • 58
    • 84880448813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illegitimate harm: Law, stigma, and discrimination against nonmarital children
    • Solangel Maldonado, Illegitimate Harm: Law, Stigma, and Discrimination Against Nonmarital Children, 63 FLA. L. REV. 345, 350-78 (2011).
    • (2011) Fla. L. Rev. , vol.63 , Issue.345 , pp. 350-378
    • Maldonado, S.1
  • 59
    • 84867260562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction: The future impact of same-sex marriage: More questions than answers
    • Nan D. Hunter, Introduction: The Future Impact of Same-Sex Marriage: More Questions Than Answers, 100 GEO. L.J. 1855, 1864 (2012).
    • (2012) Geo. L.J. , vol.100 , Issue.1855 , pp. 1864
    • Hunter, N.D.1
  • 61
    • 84940216028 scopus 로고
    • Anita bryant is mad about gays
    • May 7
    • Morton Kondracke, Anita Bryant Is Mad About Gays, NEW REPUBLIC, May 7, 1977, at 13.
    • (1977) New Republic , pp. 13
    • Kondracke, M.1
  • 63
    • 79957505629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Before (and after) roe v. Wade: New questions about backlash
    • Linda Greenhouse & Reva B. Siegel, Before (and After) Roe v. Wade: New Questions About Backlash, 120 YALE L.J. 2028, 2065-66 (2011)
    • (2011) Yale L.J. , vol.120 , Issue.2028 , pp. 2065-2066
    • Greenhouse, L.1    Siegel, R.B.2
  • 64
    • 34548620028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roe rage: Democratic constitutionalism and backlash
    • Robert Post & Reva Siegel, Roe Rage: Democratic Constitutionalism and Backlash, 42 HARV. C.R.-C.L. L. REV. 373, 420-21 (2007).
    • (2007) Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. , vol.42 , Issue.373 , pp. 420-421
    • Post, R.1    Siegel, R.2
  • 65
    • 84934564079 scopus 로고
    • Family race and poverty in the eighties
    • Maxine Baca Zinn, Family, Race, and Poverty in the Eighties, 14 SIGNS 856 (1989).
    • (1989) Signs , vol.14 , pp. 856
    • Zinn, M.B.1
  • 66
    • 0003855885 scopus 로고
    • OFFICE OF POLICY PLANNING RESEARCH U.S. DEP'T OF LABOR Mar. available at
    • OFFICE OF POLICY PLANNING & RESEARCH, U.S. DEP'T OF LABOR, THE NEGRO FAMILY: THE CASE FOR NATIONAL ACTION (Mar. 1965), available at www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/history/webid-meynihan.htm.
    • (1965) The Negro Family: The Case For National Action
  • 68
    • 23044520314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating criminals: The injuries inflicted by "unenforced" sodomy laws
    • 8
    • Christopher R. Leslie, Creating Criminals: The Injuries Inflicted by "Unenforced" Sodomy Laws, 35 HARV. C.R.-C.L. L. REV. 103, 106 & n.8 (2000).
    • (2000) Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. , vol.35 , Issue.103 , pp. 106
    • Leslie, C.R.1
  • 69
    • 79953308899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winning through losing
    • Douglas NeJaime, Winning Through Losing, 96 IOWA L. REV. 941, 985-86 (2011).
    • (2011) Iowa L. Rev. , vol.96 , Issue.941 , pp. 985-986
    • Douglas NeJaime1
  • 71
    • 0000238686 scopus 로고
    • This child does have two mothers: Redefining parenthood to meet the needs of children in lesbian-mother and other nontraditional families
    • Nancy D. Polikoff, This Child Does Have Two Mothers: Redefining Parenthood To Meet the Needs of Children in Lesbian-Mother and Other Nontraditional Families, 78 GEO. L.J. 459, 465-66 (1990).
    • (1990) Geo. L.J. , vol.78 , Issue.459 , pp. 465-466
    • Polikoff, N.D.1
  • 72
    • 84940249663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the american family
    • Courtney G. Joslin, The Evolution of the American Family, 36 HUM. RTS. 2, 4 (2009).
    • (2009) Hum. Rts. , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 4
    • Joslin, C.G.1
  • 73
    • 84940227167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Couples: Marriage, civil union, and domestic partnership
    • (John D'Emilio et al. eds.
    • David L. Chambers, Couples: Marriage, Civil Union, and Domestic Partnership, in CREATING CHANGE 271, 282-89 (John D'Emilio et al. eds., 2000)
    • (2000) Creating Change , vol.271 , pp. 282-289
    • Chambers, D.L.1
  • 74
    • 68149156131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symposium: Updating the lgbt intracommunity debate over same-sex marriage: Introduction
    • Carlos A. Ball, Symposium: Updating the LGBT Intracommunity Debate over Same-Sex Marriage: Introduction, 61 RUTGERS L. REV. 493, 495-97 (2009)
    • (2009) Rutgers L. Rev. , vol.61 , Issue.493 , pp. 495-497
    • Ball, C.A.1
  • 75
    • 21344484319 scopus 로고
    • A history of same-sex marriage
    • William N. Eskridge Jr., A History of Same-Sex Marriage, 79 VA. L. REV. 1419, 1489 (1993)
    • (1993) Va. L. Rev. , vol.79 , Issue.1419 , pp. 1489
    • Eskridge Jr., W.N.1
  • 76
    • 68149089650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Going for the brass ring: The case for same-sex marriage
    • Arthur S. Leonard, Going for the Brass Ring: The Case for Same-Sex Marriage, 82 CORNELL L. REV. 572, 579 (1997) .
    • (1997) Cornell L. Rev. , vol.82 , Issue.572 , pp. 579
    • Leonard, A.S.1
  • 77
    • 84940282443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The other same-sex marriage debate
    • Jane S. Schacter, The Other Same-Sex Marriage Debate, 84 CHI.-KENT L. REV. 379, 394 (2009).
    • (2009) Chi.-Kent L. Rev. , vol.84 , Issue.379 , pp. 394
    • Schacter, J.S.1
  • 79
    • 0041107423 scopus 로고
    • Why gay people should seek the right to marry
    • Fall
    • Thomas B. Stoddard, Why Gay People Should Seek the Right to Marry, OUT/LOOK, Fall 1989, at 9.
    • (1989) Outlook , pp. 9
    • Stoddard, T.B.1
  • 80
    • 0010784981 scopus 로고
    • Since when is marriage a path to liberation?
    • Fall
    • Paula L. Ettelbrick, Since When Is Marriage a Path to Liberation?, OUT/LOOK, Fall 1989, at 14.
    • (1989) Outlook , pp. 14
    • Ettelbrick, P.L.1
  • 83
    • 84919635859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baehr v. Lewin and the long road to marriage equality
    • Michael D. Sant'Ambrogio & Sylvia A. Law, Baehr v. Lewin and the Long Road to Marriage Equality, 33 U. HAW. L. REV. 705, 705-10 (2011).
    • (2011) U. Haw. L. Rev. , vol.33 , Issue.705 , pp. 705-710
    • Sant'Ambrogio, M.D.1    Law, S.A.2
  • 84
    • 11544373206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legal marriage is not the answer
    • Paula L. Ettelbrick, Legal Marriage Is Not the Answer, 4 HARV. GAY & LESBIAN REV. 34, 35 (1997) .
    • (1997) Harv. Gay & Lesbian Rev. , vol.4 , Issue.34 , pp. 35
    • Ettelbrick, P.L.1
  • 85
    • 84940253727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to win the freedom to marry
    • Evan Wolfson, How To Win the Freedom To Marry, 4 HARV. GAY & LESBIAN REV. 29, 30 (1997).
    • (1997) Harv. Gay & Lesbian Rev. , vol.4 , Issue.29 , pp. 30
    • Wolfson, E.1
  • 86
    • 84940298351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interview 'we're talking about the right to choose,'
    • Andrew Sullivan, Interview, 'We're Talking About the Right To Choose,' 4 HARV. GAY & LESBIAN REV. 25, 26 (1997).
    • (1997) Harv. Gay & Lesbian Rev. , vol.4 , Issue.25 , pp. 26
    • Sullivan, A.1
  • 87
    • 25344453796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some gay rights advocates question effort to defend same-sex marriage
    • June 7
    • David W. Dunlap, Some Gay Rights Advocates Question Effort to Defend Same-Sex Marriage, N.Y. TIMES, June 7, 1996, at A12.
    • (1996) N.Y. Times
    • Dunlap, D.W.1
  • 88
    • 84940284603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marriage as choice? Since when?
    • Nancy D. Polikoff, Marriage as Choice? Since When?, 21 GAY COMM'Y NEWS 26 (1996).
    • (1996) Gay Comm'y News , vol.21 , pp. 26
    • Polikoff, N.D.1
  • 89
    • 84938377171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framing in(equality) for same-sex couples
    • Douglas NeJaime, Framing In(Equality) for Same-Sex Couples, 60 UCLA L. REV. DISCOURSE 184 (2013)
    • (2013) Ucla L. Rev. Discourse , vol.60 , pp. 184
    • Douglas NeJaime1
  • 90
    • 84893921012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradigms lost: How domestic partnership went from innovation to injury
    • Melissa Murray, Paradigms Lost: How Domestic Partnership Went from Innovation to Injury, 37 N.Y.U. REV. L. & SOC. CHANGE 291 (2013).
    • (2013) N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change , vol.37 , pp. 291
    • Murray, M.1
  • 91
    • 84928437648 scopus 로고
    • We are family: A reflection on the search for legal recognition of lesbian and gay relationships
    • William B. Rubenstein, We Are Family: A Reflection on the Search for Legal Recognition of Lesbian and Gay Relationships, 8 J.L. & POL. 89, 93-94 (1991).
    • (1991) J.L. & Pol. , vol.8 , Issue.89 , pp. 93-94
    • Rubenstein, W.B.1
  • 92
    • 1142264120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marriage law, and gender: A feminist inquiry
    • (Lisa Duggan & Nan D. Hunter eds.
    • Nan D. Hunter, Marriage, Law, and Gender: A Feminist Inquiry, in SEX WARS: SEXUAL DISSENT AND POLITICAL CULTURE 105, 106 (Lisa Duggan & Nan D. Hunter eds., 2006)
    • (2006) Sex Wars: Sexual Dissent And Political Culture , vol.105 , pp. 106
    • Hunter, N.D.1
  • 93
    • 0346418330 scopus 로고
    • Marriage law, and gender: A feminist inquiry
    • Nan D. Hunter, Marriage, Law, and Gender: A Feminist Inquiry, 1 LAW & SEXUALITY 9, 23-25 (1991).
    • (1991) Law & Sexuality , vol.1 , Issue.9 , pp. 23-25
    • Hunter, N.D.1
  • 94
    • 68249113985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equality and justice for lesbian and gay families and relationships
    • Nancy D. Polikoff, Equality and Justice for Lesbian and Gay Families and Relationships, 61 RUTGERS L. REV. 529, 530 (2009) .
    • (2009) Rutgers L. Rev. , vol.61 , Issue.529 , pp. 530
    • Polikoff, N.D.1
  • 95
    • 84940249299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Montana case shows split in gay rights movement
    • Dec. 14
    • Shannon Gilreath, Montana Case Shows Split in Gay Rights Movement, JURIST- FORUM (Dec. 14, 2011), http://jurist.org/forum/2011/12/shannon-gilreath- gay-liberation.php
    • (2011) Jurist- Forum
    • Gilreath, S.1
  • 96
    • 84940250085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining the parental rights of same-sex spouses
    • (Jan. 14
    • Mary Ziegler, Defining the Parental Rights of Same-Sex Spouses, JURIST- FORUM (Jan. 14, 2012), http://jurist.org/forum/2012/01/mary-ziegler-parental- rights.php.
    • (2012) Jurist- Forum
    • Ziegler, M.1
  • 97
    • 85050788929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Families in queer states: The rule of law and the politics of recognition
    • Kath Weston, Families in Queer States: The Rule of Law and the Politics of Recognition, 93 RADICAL HIST. REV. 122, 130 (2005)
    • (2005) Radical Hist. Rev. , vol.93 , Issue.122 , pp. 130
    • Weston, K.1
  • 99
    • 38749092699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From stonewall to the suburbs?: Toward a political economy of sexuality
    • Angela P. Harris, From Stonewall to the Suburbs?: Toward a Political Economy of Sexuality, 14 WM. & MARY BILL. RTS. J. 1539, 1568 (2006) .
    • (2006) Wm. & Mary Bill. Rts. J. , vol.14 , Issue.1539 , pp. 1568
    • Harris, A.P.1
  • 100
    • 84940236291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflections on complicity
    • Julie Shapiro, Reflections on Complicity, 8 N.Y. CITY L. REV. 657, 663 (2005).
    • (2005) N.Y. City L. Rev. , vol.8 , Issue.657 , pp. 663
    • Shapiro, J.1
  • 101
    • 84871808794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two parts of the landscape of family in america: Maintaining both spousal and domestic partner employee benefits for both same-sex and different-sex couples
    • Nancy D. Polikoff, "Two Parts of the Landscape of Family in America": Maintaining Both Spousal and Domestic Partner Employee Benefits for Both Same-Sex and Different-Sex Couples, 81 FORDHAM L. REV. 735, 738 (2012).
    • (2012) Fordham L. Rev. , vol.81 , Issue.735 , pp. 738
    • Polikoff, N.D.1
  • 102
    • 77949662564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disestablishing the family
    • n.89
    • Alice Ristroph & Melissa Murray, Disestablishing the Family, 119 YALE L.J. 1236, 1256 n.89 (2010)
    • (2010) Yale L.J. , vol.119 , Issue.1236 , pp. 1256
    • Ristroph, A.1    Murray, M.2
  • 103
    • 78649584238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marriage rights and parental rights: Parents, the state, and proposition 8
    • Melissa Murray, Marriage Rights and Parental Rights: Parents, the State, and Proposition 8, 5 STAN. J. C.R. & C.L. 357, 394 (2009).
    • (2009) Stan. J. C.R. & C.L. , vol.5 , Issue.357 , pp. 394
    • Murray, M.1
  • 104
    • 21344491501 scopus 로고
    • Couples and coupling in the public sphere: A comment on the legal history of litigating for lesbian and gay rights
    • Mary Anne Case, Couples and Coupling in the Public Sphere: A Comment on the Legal History of Litigating for Lesbian and Gay Rights, 79 VA. L. REV. 1643, 1664-65.
    • (1664) Va. L. Rev. , vol.79 , pp. 1643
    • Case, M.A.1
  • 105
    • 34248514060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond gay marriage
    • June 29
    • Richard Kim & Lisa Duggan, Beyond Gay Marriage, THE NATION (June 29, 2005), http://www.thenation.com/article/beyond-gay-marriage?page=full.
    • (2005) The Nation
    • Kim, R.1    Duggan, L.2
  • 106
    • 84940259295 scopus 로고
    • Bill on homosexual rights advances in san francisco
    • Mar. 22
    • Les Ledbetter, Bill on Homosexual Rights Advances in San Francisco, N.Y. TIMES, Mar. 22, 1978, at A21.
    • (1978) N.Y. Times
    • Ledbetter, L.1
  • 107
    • 84940244471 scopus 로고
    • Berkeley council approves strong gay rights law
    • Oct. 12
    • Berkeley Council Approves Strong Gay Rights Law, L.A. TIMES, Oct. 12, 1978, at B28.
    • (1978) L.A. Times
  • 108
    • 79960882102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A brief history of domestic partnerships
    • Leland Traiman, A Brief History of Domestic Partnerships, 15 GAY & LESBIAN REV. 23, 23 (2008).
    • (2008) Gay & Lesbian Rev. , vol.15 , Issue.23 , pp. 23
    • Traiman, L.1
  • 109
  • 110
    • 84940287504 scopus 로고
    • Couple law asked for san francisco
    • Nov. 28
    • Wallace Turner, Couple Law Asked for San Francisco, N.Y. TIMES, Nov. 28, 1982, at 31.
    • (1982) N.Y. Times , pp. 31
    • Turner, W.1
  • 111
    • 84940227241 scopus 로고
    • Sf mayor vetoes domestic partners bill
    • Dec. 25
    • David Morris, SF Mayor Vetoes Domestic Partners Bill, GAY COMMUNITY NEWS, Dec. 25, 1982, at 1.
    • (1982) Gay Community News , pp. 1
    • Morris, D.1
  • 112
    • 84909597504 scopus 로고
    • Rising worry on "partner" benefits
    • Aug. 16
    • Milt Freudenheim, Rising Worry on "Partner" Benefits, N.Y. TIMES, Aug. 16, 1989, at D1.
    • (1989) N.Y. Times
    • Freudenheim, M.1
  • 113
    • 84940240391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domestic partnership information
    • last visited Oct. 26
    • City Clerk, Domestic Partnership Information, CITY OF BERKELEY, http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/Clerk/Home/Domestic-Partnership.aspx (last visited Oct. 26, 2013).
    • (2013) City of Berkeley
    • Clerk, C.1
  • 114
    • 84940269422 scopus 로고
    • Ex-mayor is convicted in west hollywood case
    • Mar. 16
    • Ex-Mayor is Convicted in West Hollywood Case, N.Y. TIMES, Mar. 16, 1986, at 27.
    • (1986) N.Y. Times , pp. 27
  • 115
    • 84940271489 scopus 로고
    • Update on the status of domestic partnerships legislation
    • July 24
    • Arthur S. Lazere, Update on the Status of Domestic Partnerships Legislation, EQUAL TIME, July 24, 1985, at 14.
    • (1985) Equal Time , pp. 14
    • Lazere, A.S.1
  • 116
    • 84940225631 scopus 로고
    • West hollywood law would expand rights of unmarried couples
    • Jan. 31, (internal quotation marks omitted).
    • Stephen Braun, West Hollywood Law Would Expand Rights of Unmarried Couples, L.A. TIMES, Jan. 31, 1985, at W1 (internal quotation marks omitted).
    • (1985) L.A. Times
    • Braun, S.1
  • 117
    • 39449085714 scopus 로고
    • Gay couple challenge state laws on marriage
    • Apr. 21
    • Kathleen Kelleher, Gay Couple Challenge State Laws on Marriage, L.A. TIMES, Apr. 21, 1993, at B3
    • (1993) L.A. Times
    • Kelleher, K.1
  • 118
    • 84940229273 scopus 로고
    • West hollywood: Court denies gay couple's marriage license petition
    • May 22
    • West Hollywood: Court Denies Gay Couple's Marriage License Petition, L.A. TIMES, May 22, 1993, at B2.
    • (1993) L.A. Times
  • 119
    • 84940252105 scopus 로고
    • Law lists rights, lacks teeth
    • Feb. 28
    • Stephen Braun, Law Lists Rights, Lacks Teeth, L.A. TIMES, Feb. 28, 1985, at W14.
    • (1985) L.A. Times
    • Braun, S.1
  • 120
    • 84871774964 scopus 로고
    • W. Hollywood will insure partners of single employees
    • Feb. 22
    • Ron Russell, W. Hollywood Will Insure Partners of Single Employees, L.A. TIMES, Feb. 22, 1989, at B3.
    • (1989) L.A. Times
    • Russell, R.1
  • 121
    • 0035619102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regularization of nonmarital cohabitation: Rights and responsibilities in the american welfare state
    • Grace Ganz Blumberg, The Regularization of Nonmarital Cohabitation: Rights and Responsibilities in the American Welfare State, 76 NOTRE DAME L. REV. 1265, 1293-99 (2001).
    • (2001) Notre Dame L. Rev. , vol.76 , Issue.1265 , pp. 1293-1299
    • Blumberg, G.G.1
  • 122
    • 70449729602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The schemes of adventuresses: The abolition and revival of common-law marriage
    • Charlotte K. Goldberg, The Schemes of Adventuresses: The Abolition and Revival of Common-Law Marriage, 13 WM. & MARY J. WOMEN & L. 483, 488 (2007).
    • (2007) Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. , vol.13 , Issue.483 , pp. 488
    • Goldberg, C.K.1
  • 125
    • 11244276703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unmarital bliss
    • Apr. 9
    • Michael D'Antonio, Unmarital Bliss, L.A. TIMES MAG., Apr. 9, 2000, at 20
    • (2000) L.A. Times Mag. , pp. 20
    • D'Antonio, M.1
  • 126
    • 84917052542 scopus 로고
    • Small steps toward acceptance renew debate on gay marriage
    • Nov. 5
    • Philip S. Gutis, Small Steps Toward Acceptance Renew Debate on Gay Marriage, N.Y. TIMES, Nov. 5, 1989, at E24.
    • (1989) N.Y. Times
    • Gutis, P.S.1
  • 127
    • 84940267326 scopus 로고
    • Marital rights for same-sex couples pushed
    • Sept. 20
    • Pamela Wilson, Marital Rights for Same-Sex Couples Pushed, SAN DIEGO DAILY TRANSCRIPT, Sept. 20, 1989, at 37.
    • (1989) San Diego Daily Transcript , pp. 37
    • Wilson, P.1
  • 128
    • 1842759960 scopus 로고
    • The hawaii legislature has compelling reasons to adopt a comprehensive domestic partnerships act
    • Thomas F. Coleman, The Hawaii Legislature Has Compelling Reasons To Adopt a Comprehensive Domestic Partnerships Act, 5 LAW & SEXUALITY 541, 544-45 (1995)
    • (1995) Law & Sexuality , vol.5 , Issue.541 , pp. 544-545
    • Coleman, T.F.1
  • 129
    • 84940273413 scopus 로고
    • The word "family" gains new meaning
    • Dec. 13
    • Laurie Becklund, The Word "Family" Gains New Meaning, L.A. TIMES, Dec. 13, 1990, at A3.
    • (1990) L.A. Times
    • Becklund, L.1
  • 130
    • 84927057988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterosexuality as a legal regime
    • (Michael Grossberg & Christopher Tomlins eds.
    • Margot Canaday, Heterosexuality as a Legal Regime, in 3 THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF LAW IN AMERICA 442, 443 (Michael Grossberg & Christopher Tomlins eds., 2008).
    • (2008) The Cambridge History of Law In America , vol.3 , Issue.442 , pp. 443
    • Canaday, M.1
  • 131
    • 84940221287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grassroots originalism: Judicial activism arguments, the abortion debate, and the politics of judicial philosophy
    • Mary Ziegler, Grassroots Originalism: Judicial Activism Arguments, the Abortion Debate, and the Politics of Judicial Philosophy, 51 U. LOUISVILLE L. REV. 201, 210 (2013) .
    • (2013) U. Louisville L. Rev. , vol.51 , Issue.201 , pp. 210
    • Ziegler, M.1
  • 132
    • 84940249656 scopus 로고
    • New trend for gays- getting married
    • June 24
    • Elaine Herscher, New Trend for Gays- Getting Married, S.F. CHRON., June 24, 1989, at A1.
    • (1989) S.F. Chron.
    • Herscher, E.1
  • 133
    • 84940249416 scopus 로고
    • Domestic partners law imminent
    • May 21-27
    • Miranda Kolbe, Domestic Partners Law Imminent in S.F., GAY COMMUNITY NEWS, May 21-27, 1989, at 1.
    • (1989) S.F. Gay Community News , pp. 1
    • Kolbe, M.1
  • 134
    • 84940289510 scopus 로고
    • Domestic partnership ordinance stalls
    • July 7, (quoting Del McLaughlin, an Eagle Forum member who participated in the initiative campaign
    • Valerie Basheda, Domestic Partnership Ordinance Stalls, L.A. TIMES, July 7, 1989, at 3 (quoting Del McLaughlin, an Eagle Forum member who participated in the initiative campaign).
    • (1989) L.A. Times , pp. 3
    • Basheda, V.1
  • 135
    • 0010924823 scopus 로고
    • Gay agenda takes beating- even in san francisco
    • Nov. 9
    • Victor F. Zonana, Gay Agenda Takes Beating- Even in San Francisco, L.A. TIMES, Nov. 9, 1989, at A1.
    • (1989) L.A. Times
    • Zonana, V.F.1
  • 136
    • 84940284469 scopus 로고
    • New benefits for unwed partners
    • Mar. 29
    • Marc Sandalow, New Benefits for Unwed Partners, S.F. CHRON., Mar. 29, 1990, at A1.
    • (1990) S.F. Chron.
    • Sandalow, M.1
  • 137
    • 84940279654 scopus 로고
    • Cost estimate on domestic partners policy
    • June 13
    • Marc Sandalow, Cost Estimate on Domestic Partners Policy, S.F. CHRON., June 13, 1990, at A1.
    • (1990) S.F. Chron.
    • Sandalow, M.1
  • 138
    • 84940222481 scopus 로고
    • Britt wants new vote in november on gay couples issue
    • June 14
    • Marc Sandalow, Britt Wants New Vote in November on Gay Couples Issue, S.F. CHRON., June 14, 1990, at B8.
    • (1990) S.F. Chron.
    • Sandalow, M.1
  • 139
    • 84940272071 scopus 로고
    • S.F. Refines family leave policy
    • Oct. 16
    • Kathy Bodovitz, S.F. Refines Family Leave Policy, S.F. CHRON., Oct. 16, 1990, at A6.
    • (1990) S.F. Chron.
    • Bodovitz, K.1
  • 140
    • 0010866871 scopus 로고
    • Gays celebrate "lavender sweep" in san francisco election
    • Nov. 8
    • Marc Sandalow, Gays Celebrate "Lavender Sweep" in San Francisco Election, S.F. CHRON., Nov. 8, 1990, at A17.
    • (1990) S.F. Chron.
    • Sandalow, M.1
  • 141
    • 84940238689 scopus 로고
    • Small S.F. Majority for domestic partners measure
    • Oct. 8
    • Marc Sandalow, Small S.F. Majority for Domestic Partners Measure, S.F. CHRON., Oct. 8, 1990, at A4.
    • (1990) S.F. Chron.
    • Sandalow, M.1
  • 142
    • 84917052543 scopus 로고
    • Not quite a wedding, but quite a day for couples by the bay
    • Feb. 15
    • Katherine Bishop, Not Quite a Wedding, but Quite a Day for Couples by the Bay, N.Y. TIMES, Feb. 15, 1991, at A16.
    • (1991) N.Y. Times
    • Bishop, K.1
  • 143
    • 84940270627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gay couples exchange vows in S.F. Ceremony
    • Mar. 26
    • Richard C. Paddock, 165 Gay Couples Exchange Vows in S.F. Ceremony, L.A. TIMES, Mar. 26, 1996, at A1.
    • (1996) L.A. Times , vol.165
    • Paddock, R.C.1
  • 144
    • 84940297035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S.F. To allow civil ceremonies for gay couples
    • Jan. 30
    • Richard C. Paddock, S.F. to Allow Civil Ceremonies for Gay Couples, L.A. TIMES, Jan. 30, 1996, at A3.
    • (1996) L.A. Times
    • Paddock, R.C.1
  • 145
    • 84940246047 scopus 로고
    • Benefits for unmarried partners okd by council
    • Nov. 24
    • Benefits for Unmarried Partners OKd by Council, L.A. TIMES, Nov. 24, 1993, at B2.
    • (1993) L.A. Times
  • 146
    • 84940234910 scopus 로고
    • County extends health benefits to employees' domestic partners
    • Dec. 20
    • County Extends Health Benefits to Employees' Domestic Partners, L.A. TIMES, Dec. 20, 1995, at B4.
    • (1995) L.A. Times
  • 147
    • 84940271619 scopus 로고
    • Goldberg to seek benefits for unmarried partners
    • Nov. 16
    • James Rainey, Goldberg to Seek Benefits for Unmarried Partners, L.A. TIMES, Nov. 16, 1993, at B3.
    • (1993) L.A. Times
    • Rainey, J.1
  • 148
    • 84940277617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • County to form domestic partner registry
    • Mar. 24
    • Nicholas Riccardi, County to Form Domestic Partner Registry, L.A. TIMES, Mar. 24, 1999, at B1.
    • (1999) L.A. Times
    • Riccardi, N.1
  • 149
    • 11544295184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domestic partnership same-sex relationships: A marketplace innovation and a less than perfect institutional choice
    • Nancy J. Knauer, Domestic Partnership and Same-Sex Relationships: A Marketplace Innovation and a Less than Perfect Institutional Choice, 7 TEMP. POL. & CIV. RTS. L. REV. 337 (1998).
    • (1998) Temp. Pol. & Civ. Rts. L. Rev. , vol.7 , pp. 337
    • Knauer, N.J.1
  • 150
    • 84940255432 scopus 로고
    • Companies offer benefits to same-sex partners of employees
    • Nov. 6
    • Scott Collins, Companies Offer Benefits to Same-Sex Partners of Employees, L.A. TIMES, Nov. 6, 1995, at B8
    • (1995) L.A. Times
    • Collins, S.1
  • 152
    • 84940279361 scopus 로고
    • Workplace is key to push for lesbian, gay rights, activists say
    • Oct. 16
    • Chris Kraul, Workplace Is Key to Push for Lesbian, Gay Rights, Activists Say, L.A. TIMES, Oct. 16, 1995, at D1
    • (1995) L.A. Times
    • Kraul, C.1
  • 153
    • 84940237512 scopus 로고
    • Extends medical coverage to same-sex partners
    • July 1
    • Warner Bros. Extends Medical Coverage to Same-Sex Partners, L.A. TIMES, July 1, 1993, at D2.
    • (1993) L.A. Times
    • Bros, W.1
  • 154
    • 84940264435 scopus 로고
    • Software maker extends benefits to unmarried spouses
    • July 15
    • Software Maker Extends Benefits to Unmarried Spouses, L.A. TIMES, July 15, 1992, at D2.
    • (1992) L.A. Times
  • 155
    • 84940256112 scopus 로고
    • Offers benefits to gay domestic partners
    • Genentech Inc. May 26
    • Genentech Inc. Offers Benefits to Gay Domestic Partners, L.A. TIMES, May 26, 1994, at B2.
    • (1994) L.A. Times
  • 156
    • 84940286385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibm to offer benefits plan to gays' partners
    • Sept. 20
    • Rajiv Chandrasekaran, IBM To Offer Benefits Plan to Gays' Partners, L.A. TIMES, Sept. 20, 1996, at B1.
    • (1996) L.A. Times
    • Chandrasekaran, R.1
  • 157
    • 84940287383 scopus 로고
    • Equal pay for equal families
    • May-June
    • M.V. Lee Badgett, Equal Pay for Equal Families, ACADEME, May-June 1994, at 26, 29 .
    • (1994) Academe , vol.26 , pp. 29
    • Lee Badgett, M.V.1
  • 158
    • 84940286671 scopus 로고
    • Uci rejects married units use by gays
    • Feb. 11
    • UCI Rejects Married Units Use by Gays, L.A. TIMES, Feb. 11, 1988, at 16.
    • (1988) L.A. Times , pp. 16
  • 159
    • 84940247279 scopus 로고
    • University sweeps away uci's domestic revolution
    • Jan. 26
    • Dianne Klein, University Sweeps Away UCI's Domestic Revolution, L.A. TIMES, Jan. 26, 1990, at B1.
    • (1990) L.A. Times
    • Klein, D.1
  • 160
    • 84940271494 scopus 로고
    • Uci acts to clarify gay housing issue
    • Feb. 1
    • Eric Lichtblau, UCI Acts To Clarify Gay Housing Issue, L.A. TIMES, Feb. 1, 1990, at B2.
    • (1990) L.A. Times
    • Lichtblau, E.1
  • 161
    • 84940293341 scopus 로고
    • Homosexual activists to rebuild uci shanties
    • Mar. 3
    • Danica Kirka, Homosexual Activists To Rebuild UCI Shanties, L.A. TIMES, Mar. 3, 1990, at B6.
    • (1990) L.A. Times
    • Kirka, D.1
  • 162
    • 84940251537 scopus 로고
    • Housing closed to gay couples at uc berkeley
    • Feb. 11
    • Housing Closed to Gay Couples at UC Berkeley, L.A. TIMES, Feb. 11, 1989, at 26.
    • (1989) L.A. Times , pp. 26
  • 163
    • 84884025425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partner benefits for gay uc staff advance
    • Nov. 21
    • Kenneth R. Weiss, Partner Benefits for Gay UC Staff Advance, L.A. TIMES, Nov. 21, 1997, at A3
    • (1997) L.A. Times
    • Weiss, K.R.1
  • 164
    • 84940277191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cal state panel oks giving health benefits to partners
    • Nov. 17
    • Kenneth R. Weiss, Cal State Panel OKs Giving Health Benefits to Partners, L.A. TIMES, Nov. 17, 1999, at A3.
    • (1999) L.A. Times
    • Weiss, K.R.1
  • 165
    • 84901885105 scopus 로고
    • Assembly oks rights bill for unwed couples
    • June 1
    • Jerry Gillam, Assembly OKs Rights Bill for Unwed Couples, L.A. TIMES, June 1, 1994, at A3.
    • (1994) L.A. Times
    • Gillam, J.1
  • 166
    • 25744435973 scopus 로고
    • Senate oks bill on rights for unwed couples
    • Aug. 24
    • Carl Ingram, Senate OKs Bill on Rights for Unwed Couples, L.A. TIMES, Aug. 24, 1994, at A21.
    • (1994) L.A. Times
    • Ingram, C.1
  • 167
    • 25744447053 scopus 로고
    • Ballot fallout expected from wilson's veto
    • Sept. 13
    • Daniel M. Weintraub & Bettina Boxall, Ballot Fallout Expected from Wilson's Veto, L.A. TIMES, Sept. 13, 1994, at A3.
    • (1994) L.A. Times
    • Weintraub, D.M.1    Boxall, B.2
  • 168
    • 78650776736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Irreconcilable differences on gay marriage
    • Feb. 20
    • Ed Bond, Irreconcilable Differences on Gay Marriage, L.A. TIMES, Feb. 20, 1996, at B3.
    • (1996) L.A. Times
    • Bond, E.1
  • 169
    • 78650787967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bill opposing gay marriages weakened
    • July 11
    • Carl Ingram, Bill Opposing Gay Marriages Weakened, L.A. TIMES, July 11, 1996, at A3.
    • (1996) L.A. Times
    • Ingram, C.1
  • 170
    • 78650797187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Senate panel oks bill targeting gay marriages
    • Aug. 13
    • Carl Ingram, Senate Panel OKs Bill Targeting Gay Marriages, L.A. TIMES, Aug. 13, 1996, at A3.
    • (1996) L.A. Times
    • Ingram, C.1
  • 171
    • 84940264779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Same-sex nuptials prohibition stalls
    • July 10, (internal quotation marks omitted).
    • Carl Ingram, Same-Sex Nuptials Prohibition Stalls, L.A. TIMES, July 10, 1996, at A3 (internal quotation marks omitted).
    • (1996) L.A. Times
    • Ingram, C.1
  • 172
    • 84940250991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Area lawmaker rejects same-sex marriages but backs partnership role
    • July 10
    • Andrew D. Blechman, Area Lawmaker Rejects Same-Sex Marriages but Backs Partnership Role, L.A. TIMES, July 10, 1996, at B4.
    • (1996) L.A. Times
    • Blechman, A.D.1
  • 173
    • 78650794031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Davis breaks tie backs domestic partner registry
    • Aug. 20
    • Carl Ingram, Davis Breaks Tie, Backs Domestic Partner Registry, L.A. TIMES, Aug. 20, 1996, at B8.
    • (1996) L.A. Times
    • Ingram, C.1
  • 174
    • 78650775329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Senate oks benefits for same-sex partners
    • May 26
    • Carl Ingram, Senate OKs Benefits for Same-Sex Partners, L.A. TIMES, May 26, 1999, at A3.
    • (1999) L.A. Times
    • Ingram, C.1
  • 175
    • 78650791373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Davis likely to sign domestic partners bill
    • Sept. 3
    • Mark Gladstone, Davis Likely To Sign Domestic Partners Bill, L.A. TIMES, Sept. 3, 1999, at A3.
    • (1999) L.A. Times
    • Gladstone, M.1
  • 177
    • 39449098300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State begins accepting gays' domestic partner sign-ups
    • Jan. 4
    • Amy Pyle, State Begins Accepting Gays' Domestic Partner Sign-Ups, L.A. TIMES, Jan. 4, 2000, A1.
    • (2000) L.A. Times
    • Pyle, A.1
  • 178
    • 6344246224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legal recognition of same-sex conjugal relationships: The 2003 california domestic partner rights and responsibilities act in comparative civil rights and family law perspective
    • Grace Ganz Blumberg, Legal Recognition of Same-Sex Conjugal Relationships: The 2003 California Domestic Partner Rights and Responsibilities Act in Comparative Civil Rights and Family Law Perspective, 51 UCLA L. REV. 1555 (2004).
    • (2004) Ucla L. Rev. , vol.51 , pp. 1555
    • Blumberg, G.G.1
  • 180
    • 85044880791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gay divorce: Thoughts on the legal regulation of marriage
    • Claudia Card, Gay Divorce: Thoughts on the Legal Regulation of Marriage, 22 HYPATIA 24 (2007).
    • (2007) Hypatia , vol.22 , pp. 24
    • Card, C.1
  • 181
    • 44449083418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The networked family: Reframing the legal understanding of caregiving and caregivers
    • Melissa Murray, The Networked Family: Reframing the Legal Understanding of Caregiving and Caregivers, 94 VA. L. REV. 385 (2008).
    • (2008) Va. L. Rev. , vol.94 , pp. 385
    • Murray, M.1
  • 182
    • 84867772486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is kinship always already heterosexual?
    • (Wendy Brown & Janet Halley eds.
    • Judith Butler, Is Kinship Always Already Heterosexual?, in LEFT LEGALISM/LEFT CRITIQUE 229, 241 (Wendy Brown & Janet Halley eds., 2002)
    • (2002) Left Legalism/Left Critique , vol.229 , pp. 241
    • Butler, J.1
  • 184
    • 0005230450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Becoming a citizen: Reconstruction era regulation of african american marriages
    • Katherine M. Franke, Becoming a Citizen: Reconstruction Era Regulation of African American Marriages, 11 YALE J. L. & HUMAN. 251, 253 (1999).
    • (1999) Yale J. L. & Human. , vol.11 , Issue.251 , pp. 253
    • Franke, K.M.1
  • 185
    • 0142045398 scopus 로고
    • We will get what we ask for: Why legalizing gay and lesbian marriage will not "dismantle the legal structure of gender in every marriage,"
    • Nancy D. Polikoff, We Will Get What We Ask For: Why Legalizing Gay and Lesbian Marriage Will Not "Dismantle the Legal Structure of Gender in Every Marriage," 79 VA. L. REV. 1535, 1549 (1993)
    • (1993) Va. L. Rev. , vol.79 , Issue.1535 , pp. 1549
    • Polikoff, N.D.1
  • 186
    • 0038183982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assimilation marriage and lesbian liberation
    • Ruthann Robson, Assimilation, Marriage, and Lesbian Liberation, 75 TEMPLE L. REV. 709, 777 (2002).
    • (2002) Temple L. Rev. , vol.75 , Issue.709 , pp. 777
    • Robson, R.1
  • 187
    • 36048963946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Friends with benefits?
    • Laura A. Rosenbury, Friends with Benefits?, 106 MICH. L. REV. 189, 198 (2007) .
    • (2007) Mich. L. Rev. , vol.106 , Issue.189 , pp. 198
    • Rosenbury, L.A.1
  • 188
    • 35648991873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holy matrimony
    • Mar. 15, available at
    • Lisa Duggan, Holy Matrimony!, THE NATION (Mar. 15, 2004), at 14, 18, available at http://www.thenation.com/article/holy-matrimony#.
    • (2004) The Nation , vol.14 , pp. 18
    • Duggan, L.1
  • 190
    • 84926039310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Now you get what you want, do you want more?
    • Urvashi Vaid, "Now You Get What You Want, Do You Want More?," 37 N.Y.U. REV. L. & SOC. CHANGE 101, 109 (2013).
    • (2013) N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change , vol.37 , Issue.101 , pp. 109
    • Vaid, U.1
  • 191
    • 46049097357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loving before and after the law
    • Angela P. Harris, Loving Before and After the Law, 76 FORDHAM L. REV. 2821, 2843 (2008).
    • (2008) Fordham L. Rev. , vol.76 , Issue.2821 , pp. 2843
    • Harris, A.P.1
  • 192
    • 85044794193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gay rights versus queer theory: What is left after lawrence v. Texas
    • Teemu Ruskola, Gay Rights Versus Queer Theory: What Is Left After Lawrence v. Texas, 23 SOC. TEXT 235, 245 (2005)
    • (2005) Soc. Text , vol.23 , Issue.235 , pp. 245
    • Ruskola, T.1
  • 193
    • 80052935646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mostly monogamous moms?: An essay on the future of lesbian legal theories and reforms
    • Ruthann Robson, Mostly Monogamous Moms?: An Essay on the Future of Lesbian Legal Theories and Reforms, 17 N.Y.L. SCH. J. HUM. RTS. 703, 703-06 (2000).
    • (2000) N.Y.L. Sch. J. Hum. Rts. , vol.17 , Issue.703 , pp. 703-706
    • Robson, R.1
  • 194
    • 3042856053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The domesticated liberty of lawrence v. Texas
    • Katherine M. Franke, The Domesticated Liberty of Lawrence v. Texas, 104 COLUM. L. REV. 1399, 1414 (2004)
    • (2004) Colum. L. Rev. , vol.104 , Issue.1399 , pp. 1414
    • Franke, K.M.1
  • 195
    • 84940292938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Under the cover of gay rights
    • Dean Spade, Under the Cover of Gay Rights, 37 N.Y.U. REV. L. & SOC. CHANGE 79, 84 (2013)
    • (2013) N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change , vol.37 , Issue.79 , pp. 84
    • Spade, D.1
  • 196
    • 77950820091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homosexuality's horizon
    • Marc Spindelman, Homosexuality's Horizon, 54 EMORY L.J. 1361, 1374 (2005)
    • (2005) Emory L.J. , vol.54 , Issue.1361 , pp. 1374
    • Spindelman, M.1
  • 197
    • 79952216182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Debate: The argument for same-sex marriage
    • (Gilreath contribution
    • Nelson Tebbe et al., Debate: The Argument For Same-Sex Marriage, 159 U. PA. L. REV. PENNUMBRA 21, 30 (2010) (Gilreath contribution).
    • (2010) U. Pa. L. Rev. Pennumbra , vol.159 , Issue.21 , pp. 30
    • Tebbe, N.1
  • 198
    • 46249084902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longing for loving
    • Katherine M. Franke, Longing for Loving, 76 FORDHAM L. REV. 2685, 2686 (2008).
    • (2008) Fordham L. Rev. , vol.76 , Issue.2685 , pp. 2686
    • Franke, K.M.1
  • 199
    • 84940256396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avoiding a collision course in lesbian and gay family advocacy
    • Paula L. Ettelbrick, Avoiding a Collision Course in Lesbian and Gay Family Advocacy, 17 N.Y. L. SCH. J. HUM. RTS. 753, 761 (2000)
    • (2000) N.Y. L. Sch. J. Hum. Rts. , vol.17 , Issue.753 , pp. 761
    • Ettelbrick, P.L.1
  • 200
    • 84918818174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dignity, legal pluralism and same-sex marriage
    • 839
    • Jeffrey A. Redding, Dignity, Legal Pluralism, and Same-Sex Marriage, 75 BROOK. L. REV. 791, 835, 839 (2010).
    • (2010) Brook. L. Rev. , vol.75 , Issue.791 , pp. 835
    • Redding, J.A.1
  • 201
    • 62649126405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The marriage fight is setting us back
    • John D'Emilio, The Marriage Fight Is Setting Us Back, 13 GAY & LESBIAN REV. 10 (2006).
    • (2006) Gay & Lesbian Rev. , vol.13 , pp. 10
    • D'Emilio, J.1
  • 202
    • 77953037904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For the sake of all children: Opponents and supporters of same-sex marriage both miss the mark
    • Nancy D. Polikoff, For the Sake of All Children: Opponents and Supporters of Same-Sex Marriage Both Miss the Mark, 8 N.Y. CITY L. REV. 573, 585-86 (2005)
    • (2005) N.Y. City L. Rev. , vol.8 , Issue.573 , pp. 585-586
    • Polikoff, N.D.1
  • 203
    • 84868608723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breaking vows: Marriage promotion, the new patriarchy, and the retreat from egalitarianism
    • Kaaryn Gustafson, Breaking Vows: Marriage Promotion, the New Patriarchy, and the Retreat from Egalitarianism, 5 STAN. J. C.R. & C.L. 269, 300 (2009).
    • (2009) Stan. J. C.R. & C.L. , vol.5 , Issue.269 , pp. 300
    • Gustafson, K.1
  • 205
    • 0035522307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Channeling: Identity-based social movements and public law
    • William N. Eskridge Jr., Channeling: Identity-Based Social Movements and Public Law, 150 U. PA. L. REV. 419, 487 (2001) .
    • (2001) U. Pa. L. Rev. , vol.150 , Issue.419 , pp. 487
    • Eskridge Jr., W.N.1
  • 206
    • 22744440213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In the shadow of marriage: Single women and the legal construction of the family and the state
    • Ariela R. Dubler, In the Shadow of Marriage: Single Women and the Legal Construction of the Family and the State, 112 YALE L.J. 1641 (2003).
    • (2003) Yale L.J. , vol.112 , pp. 1641
    • Dubler, A.R.1
  • 208
    • 84899767837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • By any other name: The social and legal stakes of same-sex marriage
    • Kimberly D. Richman, By Any Other Name: The Social and Legal Stakes of Same-Sex Marriage, 45 U.S.F. L. REV. 357, 372 (2010)
    • (2010) U.S.F. L. Rev. , vol.45 , Issue.357 , pp. 372
    • Richman, K.D.1
  • 211
    • 78049392286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exceptions to the general rule": Unmarried women and the "constitution of the family
    • Ariela R. Dubler, "Exceptions to the General Rule": Unmarried Women and the "Constitution of the Family," 4 THEORETICAL INQUIRIES L. 797, 800 (2003).
    • (2003) Theoretical Inquiries L. , vol.4 , Issue.797 , pp. 800
    • Dubler, A.R.1
  • 212
    • 78650793413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What feminists have to lose in same-sex marriage litigation
    • Mary Anne Case, What Feminists Have To Lose in Same-Sex Marriage Litigation, 57 UCLA L. REV. 1199, 1205-06 (2010) .
    • (2010) Ucla L. Rev. , vol.57 , Issue.1199 , pp. 1205-1206
    • Case, M.A.1
  • 213
    • 0346479802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social norms and the legal regulation of marriage
    • Elizabeth S. Scott, Social Norms and the Legal Regulation of Marriage, 86 VA. L. REV. 1901, 1929 (2000).
    • (2000) Va. L. Rev. , vol.86 , Issue.1901 , pp. 1929
    • Scott, E.S.1
  • 214
    • 84875752612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucksberg lawrence, and the decline of loving's marriage precedent
    • Jeremiah Egger, Note, Glucksberg, Lawrence, and the Decline of Loving's Marriage Precedent, 98 VA. L. REV. 1825 (2012).
    • (2012) Va. L. Rev. , vol.98 , pp. 1825
    • Egger, J.1
  • 215
    • 84940215341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterosexual reproductive imperatives
    • David B. Cruz, Heterosexual Reproductive Imperatives, 56 EMORY L.J. 1157, 1167-68 (2007)
    • (2007) Emory L.J. , vol.56 , Issue.1157 , pp. 1167-1168
    • Cruz, D.B.1
  • 216
    • 84940216713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Windsor's right to marry
    • Douglas NeJaime, Windsor's Right To Marry, 123 YALE L.J. ONLINE 219, 230-31 (2013).
    • (2013) Yale L.J. Online , vol.123 , Issue.219 , pp. 230-231
    • Douglas NeJaime1
  • 217
    • 84880426177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marriage biology and federal benefits
    • Courtney G. Joslin, Marriage, Biology, and Federal Benefits, 98 IOWA L. REV. 1467 (2013).
    • (2013) Iowa L. Rev. , vol.98 , pp. 1467
    • Joslin, C.G.1
  • 218
    • 84940234805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marriage biology and gender
    • Douglas NeJaime, Marriage, Biology, and Gender, 98 IOWA L. REV. BULL. 83, 92-95 (2013)
    • (2013) Iowa L. Rev. Bull. , vol.98 , Issue.83 , pp. 92-95
    • Douglas NeJaime1
  • 219
    • 69249166694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposing sex stereotypes in recent same-sex marriage jurisprudence
    • Deborah A. Widiss et al., Exposing Sex Stereotypes in Recent Same-Sex Marriage Jurisprudence, 30 HARV. J.L. & GENDER 461, 495-96 (2007).
    • (2007) Harv. J.L. & Gender , vol.30 , Issue.461 , pp. 495-496
    • Widiss, D.A.1
  • 220
    • 0346024540 scopus 로고
    • Why discrimination against lesbians and gay men is sex discrimination
    • Andrew Koppelman, Why Discrimination Against Lesbians and Gay Men Is Sex Discrimination, 69 N.Y.U. L. REV. 197 (1994)
    • (1994) N.Y.U. L. Rev. , vol.69 , pp. 197
    • Koppelman, A.1
  • 221
    • 84902636244 scopus 로고
    • Homosexuality and the social meaning of gender
    • Sylvia Law, Homosexuality and the Social Meaning of Gender, 1988 WIS. L. REV. 187 (1988).
    • (1988) Wis. L. Rev. , vol.1988 , pp. 187
    • Law, S.1
  • 222
    • 84860193990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeptical marriage equality
    • Suzanne A. Kim, Skeptical Marriage Equality, 34 HARV. J.L. & GENDER 37, 61 (2011)
    • (2011) Harv. J.L. & Gender , vol.34 , Issue.37 , pp. 61
    • Kim, S.A.1
  • 223
    • 68249120532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marriage or liberation?: Reflections on two strategies in the struggle for lesbian and gay rights and relationship recognition
    • Edward Stein, Marriage or Liberation?: Reflections on Two Strategies in the Struggle for Lesbian and Gay Rights and Relationship Recognition, 61 RUTGERS L. REV. 567, 592 (2009)
    • (2009) Rutgers L. Rev. , vol.61 , Issue.567 , pp. 592
    • Stein, E.1
  • 224
    • 84940228975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Celebrating the differences that could make a difference: United states v. Virginia and a new vision of sexual equality
    • Courtney Megan Cahill, Celebrating the Differences That Could Make a Difference: United States v. Virginia and a New Vision of Sexual Equality, 70 OHIO ST. L.J. 943, 998 (2009) .
    • (2009) Ohio St. L.J. , vol.70 , Issue.943 , pp. 998
    • Cahill, C.M.1
  • 225
    • 0010088282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rule of love: Wife beating as prerogative and privacy
    • Reva B. Siegel, "The Rule of Love": Wife Beating as Prerogative and Privacy, 105 YALE L.J. 2117 (1996)
    • (1996) Yale L.J. , vol.105 , pp. 2117
    • Siegel, R.B.1
  • 226
    • 0348050333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why equal protection no longer protects: The evolving forms of status-enforcing state action
    • Reva Siegel, Why Equal Protection No Longer Protects: The Evolving Forms of Status-Enforcing State Action, 49 STAN. L. REV. 1111 (1997).
    • (1997) Stan. L. Rev. , vol.49 , pp. 1111
    • Siegel, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.