메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 188, Issue , 2015, Pages 61-71

Forest fragmentation in an African biodiversity hotspot impacts mixed-species bird flocks

Author keywords

Avian flocks; Eastern arc; Experimental playback; Forest fragmentation; Mutualism; Nuclear species

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; BIODIVERSITY; HABITAT CONSERVATION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HABITAT LOSS; INSECTIVORY; MUTUALISM; OMNIVORY; PASSERINE; POPULATION DECLINE; SPECIES RICHNESS; TROPICAL FOREST; UNDERSTORY; VOCALIZATION;

EID: 84937848569     PISSN: 00063207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.09.050     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (47)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 33645053483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distance-based tests for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
    • Anderson M.J. Distance-based tests for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions. Biometrics 2006, 62:245-253.
    • (2006) Biometrics , vol.62 , pp. 245-253
    • Anderson, M.J.1
  • 2
    • 84937921914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent declines of Upper Guinea forest understory birds as indicators of unsustainable logging and illegal forest exploitation in Ghana, West Africa
    • This SI issue
    • Arcilla N., Holbech L.H., Kolani Z. Recent declines of Upper Guinea forest understory birds as indicators of unsustainable logging and illegal forest exploitation in Ghana, West Africa. Biol. Conserv. 2015, This SI issue.
    • (2015) Biol. Conserv.
    • Arcilla, N.1    Holbech, L.H.2    Kolani, Z.3
  • 5
    • 84939417712 scopus 로고
    • 1, 6, Chrisopher Helm
    • Birds of Africa, 1986-2004. Academic Press, vols. 1-6, Chrisopher Helm, vol. 7.
    • (1986) Academic Press , vol.7
  • 6
    • 79954457374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composition of mixed-species bird flocks in forest fragments of southern Brazil
    • Brandt C.S., Hasenack H., Laps R.R., Hartz S.M. Composition of mixed-species bird flocks in forest fragments of southern Brazil. Zoologia (Curitiba) 2009, 26:488-498.
    • (2009) Zoologia (Curitiba) , vol.26 , pp. 488-498
    • Brandt, C.S.1    Hasenack, H.2    Laps, R.R.3    Hartz, S.M.4
  • 7
    • 84891655126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global patterns and predictors of bird species responses to forest fragmentation: implications for ecosystem function and conservation
    • Bregman T.P., Sekercioglu C.H., Tobias J.A. Global patterns and predictors of bird species responses to forest fragmentation: implications for ecosystem function and conservation. Biol. Conserv. 2014, 169:372-383.
    • (2014) Biol. Conserv. , vol.169 , pp. 372-383
    • Bregman, T.P.1    Sekercioglu, C.H.2    Tobias, J.A.3
  • 11
    • 0021604597 scopus 로고
    • Foraging and flocking strategies-information in an uncertain environment
    • Clark C.W., Mangel M. Foraging and flocking strategies-information in an uncertain environment. Am. Nat. 1984, 123:626-641.
    • (1984) Am. Nat. , vol.123 , pp. 626-641
    • Clark, C.W.1    Mangel, M.2
  • 12
    • 0027804103 scopus 로고
    • Nonparametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure
    • Clarke K.R. Nonparametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Aust. J. Ecol. 1993, 18:117-143.
    • (1993) Aust. J. Ecol. , vol.18 , pp. 117-143
    • Clarke, K.R.1
  • 13
    • 84939417430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of mixed-species flocks of specialist insectivore birds to habitat alteration and deforestation in the Andes
    • submitted for publication, This SI issue
    • Colorado G.J., Rodewald A.D. Response of mixed-species flocks of specialist insectivore birds to habitat alteration and deforestation in the Andes. Biol. Conserv. 2015, submitted for publication, This SI issue.
    • (2015) Biol. Conserv.
    • Colorado, G.J.1    Rodewald, A.D.2
  • 15
    • 63849190985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disperser limitation and recruitment of an endemic African tree in a fragmented landscape
    • Cordeiro N.J., Ndangalasi H.J., McEntee J.P., Howe H.F. Disperser limitation and recruitment of an endemic African tree in a fragmented landscape. Ecology 2009, 90:1030-1041.
    • (2009) Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 1030-1041
    • Cordeiro, N.J.1    Ndangalasi, H.J.2    McEntee, J.P.3    Howe, H.F.4
  • 16
    • 42949100476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of habitat selection by birds in a coffee plantation
    • Cruz-Angón A., Sillett T.S., Greenberg R. An experimental study of habitat selection by birds in a coffee plantation. Ecology 2008, 89:921-927.
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 921-927
    • Cruz-Angón, A.1    Sillett, T.S.2    Greenberg, R.3
  • 17
    • 0029174521 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in feeding ecology of Shelley's greenbul in subtropical evergreen forests
    • Dinesen L. Seasonal variation in feeding ecology of Shelley's greenbul in subtropical evergreen forests. Afr. J. Ecol. 1995, 33:420-425.
    • (1995) Afr. J. Ecol. , vol.33 , pp. 420-425
    • Dinesen, L.1
  • 18
    • 0032920424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional roles in mixed-species foraging flocks: a field manipulation
    • Dolby A.S., Grubb T.C. Functional roles in mixed-species foraging flocks: a field manipulation. Auk 1999, 116:557-559.
    • (1999) Auk , vol.116 , pp. 557-559
    • Dolby, A.S.1    Grubb, T.C.2
  • 19
    • 84872370497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social organisation of thornbill-dominated mixed-species flocks using social network analysis
    • Farine D.R., Milburn P.J. Social organisation of thornbill-dominated mixed-species flocks using social network analysis. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2013, 67:321-330.
    • (2013) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.67 , pp. 321-330
    • Farine, D.R.1    Milburn, P.J.2
  • 20
    • 77649293355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between leadership and gregariousness in mixed-species bird flocks
    • Goodale E., Beauchamp G. The relationship between leadership and gregariousness in mixed-species bird flocks. J. Avian Biol. 2010, 41:99-103.
    • (2010) J. Avian Biol. , vol.41 , pp. 99-103
    • Goodale, E.1    Beauchamp, G.2
  • 21
    • 20444429818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alarm calling in Sri Lankan mixed-species bird flocks
    • Goodale E., Kotagama S.W. Alarm calling in Sri Lankan mixed-species bird flocks. Auk 2005, 122:108-120.
    • (2005) Auk , vol.122 , pp. 108-120
    • Goodale, E.1    Kotagama, S.W.2
  • 22
    • 84907434735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The response of birds and mixed-species bird flocks to human-modified landscapes in Sri Lanka and southern India
    • Goodale E., Kotagama S.W., Shankar Raman T.R., Sidhu S., Goodale U., Parker S., Chen J. The response of birds and mixed-species bird flocks to human-modified landscapes in Sri Lanka and southern India. For. Ecol. Manage. 2014, 328:384-392.
    • (2014) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.328 , pp. 384-392
    • Goodale, E.1    Kotagama, S.W.2    Shankar Raman, T.R.3    Sidhu, S.4    Goodale, U.5    Parker, S.6    Chen, J.7
  • 23
    • 0034870192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying biodiversity: procedures and pitfalls in the measurement and comparison of species richness
    • Gotelli N.J., Colwell R.K. Quantifying biodiversity: procedures and pitfalls in the measurement and comparison of species richness. Ecol. Lett. 2001, 4:379-391.
    • (2001) Ecol. Lett. , vol.4 , pp. 379-391
    • Gotelli, N.J.1    Colwell, R.K.2
  • 24
    • 0000423181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birds of many feathers: the formation and structure of mixed species flocks of forest birds
    • University of Chicago Press, Chicago, S. Boinski, P.A. Gerber (Eds.)
    • Greenberg R. Birds of many feathers: the formation and structure of mixed species flocks of forest birds. On the Move: How and Why Animals Travel in Groups 2000, 521-558. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. S. Boinski, P.A. Gerber (Eds.).
    • (2000) On the Move: How and Why Animals Travel in Groups , pp. 521-558
    • Greenberg, R.1
  • 25
    • 84971076592 scopus 로고
    • The formation, structure and function of mixed-species insectivorous bird flocks in West African savanna woodland
    • Greig-Smith P.W. The formation, structure and function of mixed-species insectivorous bird flocks in West African savanna woodland. Ibis 1978, 120:284-297.
    • (1978) Ibis , vol.120 , pp. 284-297
    • Greig-Smith, P.W.1
  • 26
    • 0003360994 scopus 로고
    • The role of alarm responses in the formation of mixed-species flocks of heathland birds
    • Greig-Smith P.W. The role of alarm responses in the formation of mixed-species flocks of heathland birds. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 1981, 8:7-10.
    • (1981) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.8 , pp. 7-10
    • Greig-Smith, P.W.1
  • 28
    • 34748886657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis
    • Hammer Ø., Harper D.A.T., Ryan P.D. PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol. Electron. 2001, 4:9.
    • (2001) Palaeontol. Electron. , vol.4 , pp. 9
    • Hammer, Ø.1    Harper, D.A.T.2    Ryan, P.D.3
  • 29
    • 0031980876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutualistic and commensal organization of avian mixed-species foraging flocks in a forest of western Madagascar
    • Hino T. Mutualistic and commensal organization of avian mixed-species foraging flocks in a forest of western Madagascar. J. Avian Biol. 1998, 29:17-24.
    • (1998) J. Avian Biol. , vol.29 , pp. 17-24
    • Hino, T.1
  • 30
    • 0028155679 scopus 로고
    • The composition and social organization of mixed species flocks in a tropical deciduous forest in Western Mexico
    • Hutto R.L. The composition and social organization of mixed species flocks in a tropical deciduous forest in Western Mexico. Condor 1994, 96:105-118.
    • (1994) Condor , vol.96 , pp. 105-118
    • Hutto, R.L.1
  • 31
    • 0001925718 scopus 로고
    • The Usambara Mountains, NE Tanzania: phytogeography of the vascular plant flora
    • Iversen S.T. The Usambara Mountains, NE Tanzania: phytogeography of the vascular plant flora. Acta Universitat Upsaliensis Symbolicae Botanica Upsala 1991, 29:1-234.
    • (1991) Acta Universitat Upsaliensis Symbolicae Botanica Upsala , vol.29 , pp. 1-234
    • Iversen, S.T.1
  • 32
    • 0034510833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The survival value of flocking in Neotropical birds: reality or fiction?
    • Jullien M., Clobert J. The survival value of flocking in Neotropical birds: reality or fiction?. Ecology 2000, 81:3416-3430.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 3416-3430
    • Jullien, M.1    Clobert, J.2
  • 33
    • 0031980245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-species territoriality and dynamics of neotropical forest understory bird flocks
    • Jullien M., Thiollay J.M. Multi-species territoriality and dynamics of neotropical forest understory bird flocks. J. Anim. Ecol. 1998, 67:227-252.
    • (1998) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.67 , pp. 227-252
    • Jullien, M.1    Thiollay, J.M.2
  • 34
    • 20444416922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The composition and spatial organization of mixed-species flocks in a Sri Lankan rainforest
    • Kotagama S.W., Goodale E. The composition and spatial organization of mixed-species flocks in a Sri Lankan rainforest. Forktail 2004, 20:63-70.
    • (2004) Forktail , vol.20 , pp. 63-70
    • Kotagama, S.W.1    Goodale, E.2
  • 35
    • 14644430007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of habitat disturbance on mixed species bird flocks in a tropical sub-montane rainforest
    • Lee T.M., Soh M.C., Sodhi N., Koh L.P., Lim S.L.H. Effects of habitat disturbance on mixed species bird flocks in a tropical sub-montane rainforest. Biol. Conserv. 2005, 122:193-204.
    • (2005) Biol. Conserv. , vol.122 , pp. 193-204
    • Lee, T.M.1    Soh, M.C.2    Sodhi, N.3    Koh, L.P.4    Lim, S.L.H.5
  • 36
    • 0004170691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands and New York, USA
    • Legendre P., Legendre L. Numerical Ecology 1998, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands and New York, USA. second ed.
    • (1998) Numerical Ecology
    • Legendre, P.1    Legendre, L.2
  • 37
    • 0033849210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of forest fragment size and successional stage on mixed-species bird flocks in southeastern Brazil
    • Maldonado-Coelho M., Marini M.Â. Effects of forest fragment size and successional stage on mixed-species bird flocks in southeastern Brazil. Condor 2000, 102:585-594.
    • (2000) Condor , vol.102 , pp. 585-594
    • Maldonado-Coelho, M.1    Marini, M.Â.2
  • 38
    • 0345832358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed-species bird flocks from Brazilian Atlantic forest: the effects of forest fragmentation and seasonality on their size, richness and stability
    • Maldonado-Coelho M., Marini M.Â. Mixed-species bird flocks from Brazilian Atlantic forest: the effects of forest fragmentation and seasonality on their size, richness and stability. Biol. Conserv. 2004, 116:19-26.
    • (2004) Biol. Conserv. , vol.116 , pp. 19-26
    • Maldonado-Coelho, M.1    Marini, M.Â.2
  • 39
    • 0001263323 scopus 로고
    • The composition of mixed species flocks in lowland and sub-montane forests of Malaya
    • McClure E. The composition of mixed species flocks in lowland and sub-montane forests of Malaya. Wilson Bull. 1967, 79:130-154.
    • (1967) Wilson Bull. , vol.79 , pp. 130-154
    • McClure, E.1
  • 40
    • 84879396118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breeding biology of an afrotropical forest understory bird community in northeastern Tanzania
    • Mkongewa V.J., Newmark W.D., Stanley T.R. Breeding biology of an afrotropical forest understory bird community in northeastern Tanzania. Wilson J. Ornithol. 2013, 125:260-267.
    • (2013) Wilson J. Ornithol. , vol.125 , pp. 260-267
    • Mkongewa, V.J.1    Newmark, W.D.2    Stanley, T.R.3
  • 41
    • 84890086506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decay of interspecific avian flock networks along a disturbance gradient in Amazonia
    • Mokross K., Ryder T.B., CÔrtes M.C., Wolfe J.D., Stouffer P.C. Decay of interspecific avian flock networks along a disturbance gradient in Amazonia. Proc. Roy. Soc. B 2014, 281:20132599.
    • (2014) Proc. Roy. Soc. B , vol.281 , pp. 20132599
    • Mokross, K.1    Ryder, T.B.2    CÔrtes, M.C.3    Wolfe, J.D.4    Stouffer, P.C.5
  • 42
    • 0037648762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arguments for rejecting the sequential Bonferroni in ecological studies
    • Moran M.D. Arguments for rejecting the sequential Bonferroni in ecological studies. Oikos 2003, 403-405.
    • (2003) Oikos , pp. 403-405
    • Moran, M.D.1
  • 43
    • 1842268768 scopus 로고
    • Breeding seasons of birds in East African evergreen forest
    • Moreau R.E. Breeding seasons of birds in East African evergreen forest. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1936, 1936:631-653.
    • (1936) Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. , vol.1936 , pp. 631-653
    • Moreau, R.E.1
  • 44
    • 0002075043 scopus 로고
    • The organization and probable evolution of some mixed-species flocks of Neotropical birds
    • Moynihan M. The organization and probable evolution of some mixed-species flocks of Neotropical birds. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 1962, 143:1-140.
    • (1962) Smithsonian Misc. Coll. , vol.143 , pp. 1-140
    • Moynihan, M.1
  • 45
    • 0000693586 scopus 로고
    • Multi-species territoriality in Neotropical foraging flocks
    • Munn C.A., Terborgh J.W. Multi-species territoriality in Neotropical foraging flocks. Condor 1979, 81:338-347.
    • (1979) Condor , vol.81 , pp. 338-347
    • Munn, C.A.1    Terborgh, J.W.2
  • 46
    • 0026273027 scopus 로고
    • Tropical forest fragmentation and the local extinction of understory birds in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania
    • Newmark W.D. Tropical forest fragmentation and the local extinction of understory birds in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Conserv. Biol. 1991, 5:67-78.
    • (1991) Conserv. Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 67-78
    • Newmark, W.D.1
  • 47
    • 0013468399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest area, fragmentation, and loss in the Eastern Arc Mountains: implications for the conservation of biological diversity
    • Newmark W.D. Forest area, fragmentation, and loss in the Eastern Arc Mountains: implications for the conservation of biological diversity. J. E. Afr. Nat. Hist. 1998, 87:29-36.
    • (1998) J. E. Afr. Nat. Hist. , vol.87 , pp. 29-36
    • Newmark, W.D.1
  • 49
    • 0032542897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's wrong with Bonferroni adjustments
    • Perneger T.V. What's wrong with Bonferroni adjustments. Brit. Med. J. 1998, 316:1236-1238.
    • (1998) Brit. Med. J. , vol.316 , pp. 1236-1238
    • Perneger, T.V.1
  • 50
    • 50549092425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of habitat fragmentation and degradation on flocks of African ant-following birds
    • Peters M.K., Likare S., Kraemer M. Effects of habitat fragmentation and degradation on flocks of African ant-following birds. Ecol. Applic. 2008, 18:847-858.
    • (2008) Ecol. Applic. , vol.18 , pp. 847-858
    • Peters, M.K.1    Likare, S.2    Kraemer, M.3
  • 51
    • 0000478173 scopus 로고
    • Sociobiology and adaptive significance of interspecific foraging flocks in the Neotropics
    • Powell G.V.N. Sociobiology and adaptive significance of interspecific foraging flocks in the Neotropics. Ornith. Monogr. 1985, 36:713-732.
    • (1985) Ornith. Monogr. , vol.36 , pp. 713-732
    • Powell, G.V.N.1
  • 52
    • 85028213670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology and conservation of avian insectivores of the tropical rainforest understory: an introduction to this special issue
    • submitted for publication, (Special Issue)
    • Powell L.L., Cordeiro N.J., Stratford J.A. Ecology and conservation of avian insectivores of the tropical rainforest understory: an introduction to this special issue. Biol. Conserv. 2015, submitted for publication, (Special Issue).
    • (2015) Biol. Conserv.
    • Powell, L.L.1    Cordeiro, N.J.2    Stratford, J.A.3
  • 54
    • 14044250928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Judicious use of multiple hypothesis tests
    • Roback P.J., Askins R.A. Judicious use of multiple hypothesis tests. Conserv. Biol. 2005, 19:261-267.
    • (2005) Conserv. Biol. , vol.19 , pp. 261-267
    • Roback, P.J.1    Askins, R.A.2
  • 55
    • 84895853670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The national determinants of deforestation in sub-Saharan Africa
    • Rudel T.K. The national determinants of deforestation in sub-Saharan Africa. Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 2013, 368. 10.1098/rstb.2012.0405.
    • (2013) Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. , vol.368
    • Rudel, T.K.1
  • 56
    • 68349161650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The benefits of joining mixed-species flocks for a sentinel nuclear species, the Greater Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus
    • Satischandra S.H.K., Kudavidanage E.P., Kotagama S.W., Goodale E. The benefits of joining mixed-species flocks for a sentinel nuclear species, the Greater Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus. Forktail 2007, 23:145-148.
    • (2007) Forktail , vol.23 , pp. 145-148
    • Satischandra, S.H.K.1    Kudavidanage, E.P.2    Kotagama, S.W.3    Goodale, E.4
  • 57
    • 76749095028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing "false" alarm calls by drongo (Dicrurus paradiseus) in mixed-species bird flocks
    • Satischandra S.H.K., Kodituwakku P., Kotagama S.W., Goodale E. Assessing "false" alarm calls by drongo (Dicrurus paradiseus) in mixed-species bird flocks. Behav. Ecol. 2010, 21:396-403.
    • (2010) Behav. Ecol. , vol.21 , pp. 396-403
    • Satischandra, S.H.K.1    Kodituwakku, P.2    Kotagama, S.W.3    Goodale, E.4
  • 58
    • 77956069051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simple means to improve the interpretability of regression coefficients
    • Schielzeth H. Simple means to improve the interpretability of regression coefficients. Methods Ecol. Evol. 2010, 1:103-113.
    • (2010) Methods Ecol. Evol. , vol.1 , pp. 103-113
    • Schielzeth, H.1
  • 60
    • 43649099795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of habitat degradation on mixed-species bird flocks in Indian rain forests
    • Sridhar H., Sankar K. Effects of habitat degradation on mixed-species bird flocks in Indian rain forests. J. Trop. Ecol. 2008, 24:134-147.
    • (2008) J. Trop. Ecol. , vol.24 , pp. 134-147
    • Sridhar, H.1    Sankar, K.2
  • 61
    • 68349139716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do birds participate in mixed-species foraging flocks? A large-scale synthesis
    • Sridhar H., Beauchamp G., Shanker K. Why do birds participate in mixed-species foraging flocks? A large-scale synthesis. Anim. Behav. 2009, 78:337-347.
    • (2009) Anim. Behav. , vol.78 , pp. 337-347
    • Sridhar, H.1    Beauchamp, G.2    Shanker, K.3
  • 62
    • 79952014277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nuclear question: rethinking species importance in multi-species animal groups
    • Srinivasan U., Raza R.H., Quader S. The nuclear question: rethinking species importance in multi-species animal groups. J. Anim. Ecol. 2010, 79:948-954.
    • (2010) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.79 , pp. 948-954
    • Srinivasan, U.1    Raza, R.H.2    Quader, S.3
  • 63
    • 0002433040 scopus 로고
    • Geographic variation in species composition of mixed species flocks in lowland humid forests in Brazil
    • Stotz D.F. Geographic variation in species composition of mixed species flocks in lowland humid forests in Brazil. Papeis Avulsos Zool. 1993, 38:61-75.
    • (1993) Papeis Avulsos Zool. , vol.38 , pp. 61-75
    • Stotz, D.F.1
  • 64
    • 0028995634 scopus 로고
    • Use of Amazonian forest fragments by understory insectivorous birds
    • Stouffer P.C., Bierregaard R.O. Use of Amazonian forest fragments by understory insectivorous birds. Ecology 1995, 76:2429-2445.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 2429-2445
    • Stouffer, P.C.1    Bierregaard, R.O.2
  • 65
    • 0032713649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local extinctions of terrestrial insectivorous birds in a fragmented landscape near Manaus, Brazil
    • Stratford J.A., Stouffer P.C. Local extinctions of terrestrial insectivorous birds in a fragmented landscape near Manaus, Brazil. Conserv. Biol. 1999, 13:1316-1326.
    • (1999) Conserv. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 1316-1326
    • Stratford, J.A.1    Stouffer, P.C.2
  • 66
    • 84944812688 scopus 로고
    • Mixed bird parties
    • Swynnerton C.F.M. Mixed bird parties. Ibis 1915, 67:346-354.
    • (1915) Ibis , vol.67 , pp. 346-354
    • Swynnerton, C.F.M.1
  • 67
    • 0002127549 scopus 로고
    • Mixed flocks and polyspecific associations: costs and benefits of mixed groups to birds and monkeys
    • Terborgh J. Mixed flocks and polyspecific associations: costs and benefits of mixed groups to birds and monkeys. Am. J. Primatol. 1990, 21:87-100.
    • (1990) Am. J. Primatol. , vol.21 , pp. 87-100
    • Terborgh, J.1
  • 68
    • 0032835179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of mixed-species flocking in tropical forest birds and correlates of predation risk: an intertropical comparison
    • Thiollay J.M. Frequency of mixed-species flocking in tropical forest birds and correlates of predation risk: an intertropical comparison. J. Avian Biol. 1999, 30:282-294.
    • (1999) J. Avian Biol. , vol.30 , pp. 282-294
    • Thiollay, J.M.1
  • 69
    • 0031856342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flocking behaviour of foraging birds in a neotropical rain forest and the antipredator defence hypothesis
    • Thiollay J.M., Jullien M. Flocking behaviour of foraging birds in a neotropical rain forest and the antipredator defence hypothesis. Ibis 1998, 140:382-394.
    • (1998) Ibis , vol.140 , pp. 382-394
    • Thiollay, J.M.1    Jullien, M.2
  • 71
    • 14844299375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementing false discovery rate control: increasing your power
    • Verhoeven K.J.F., Simonsen K.L., McIntyre L.M. Implementing false discovery rate control: increasing your power. Oikos 2005, 108:643-647.
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.108 , pp. 643-647
    • Verhoeven, K.J.F.1    Simonsen, K.L.2    McIntyre, L.M.3
  • 72
    • 0345485999 scopus 로고
    • Bird parties in central and South Africa
    • In: Johnson, D.N. (Ed.) Mahé, Seychelles, 6-13 November 1976. Southern African Ornithological Society, Johannesburg
    • Vernon, C.J., 1980. Bird parties in central and South Africa. In: Johnson, D.N. (Ed.), Proc. IV Pan-African Ornithological Congress, Mahé, Seychelles, 6-13 November 1976. Southern African Ornithological Society, Johannesburg, pp. 313-325.
    • (1980) Proc. IV Pan-African Ornithological Congress , pp. 313-325
    • Vernon, C.J.1
  • 73
    • 0001289719 scopus 로고
    • On woodland bird parties in Northern Rhodesia
    • Winterbottom J.M. On woodland bird parties in Northern Rhodesia. Ibis 1943, 85:437-442.
    • (1943) Ibis , vol.85 , pp. 437-442
    • Winterbottom, J.M.1
  • 74
    • 79952711604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composition of mixed-species flocks and shifts in foraging location of flocking species on Hainan Island, China
    • Zou F., Chen G., Yang Q., Fellows J.R. Composition of mixed-species flocks and shifts in foraging location of flocking species on Hainan Island, China. Ibis 2011, 153:269-278.
    • (2011) Ibis , vol.153 , pp. 269-278
    • Zou, F.1    Chen, G.2    Yang, Q.3    Fellows, J.R.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.