Safer User Interfaces: A Case Study in Improving Number Entry

IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering

Volumn 41, Issue 7, 2015, Pages 711-729

  Thimbleby, Harold ^a  

^a SWANSEA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Error processing; Human Factors in Software Design; Information Interfaces; Representation (HCI); Software Software Engineering; User interfaces; User Interfaces

Indexed keywords

DEFECTS; E-LEARNING; FORMAL METHODS; HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION; MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS; SOFTWARE DESIGN;

ERROR PROCESSING; HUMAN FACTORS IN SOFTWARE DESIGN; INFORMATION INTERFACES; REPRESENTATION (HCI); SOFTWARE/SOFTWARE ENGINEERING;

USER INTERFACES;

EID: 84937710460     PISSN: 00985589     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TSE.2014.2383396     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. M. G. A. Ament, A. L. Cox, A. E. Blandford, and D. P. Brumby, "Making a rask difficult: Evidence that device-oriented steps are effortful and error-prone," J. Exp. Psychol.: Appl., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 195-204, 2013.
2. P. Cairns, M. Jones, and H. Thimbleby, "Usability analysis with Markov models," ACM Trans. Comput.-Human Interaction, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 99-132, 2001.
3. P. Cairns and H. Thimbleby, "Reducing number entry errors: Solving a widespread, serious problem," J. Roy. Soc. Interface, vol. 7, no. 51, pp. 1429-1439, 2010.
4. A. Cauchi, A. Gimblett, P. Curzon, P. Masci, and H. Thimbleby, "Safer '5-key' number entry user interfaces using differential formal analysis," in Proc. BCS Conf. Human-Comput. Interaction, 2012, vol. 26, pp. 29-38.
5. R. L. Deininger, "Human factors engineering studies of the design and use of pushbutton telephone sets," Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 235-255, 1960.
6. E. W. Dijkstra, A Discipline of Programming. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall, 1976.
7. K. Fu, "Trustworthy medical device software," in Public Health Effectiveness of the FDA 510(k) Clearance Process, Inst. Medi., Nat. Academies Press, 2011.
8. S. W. Gilroy and M. D. Harrison, Interactive Systems, Design Specification, and Verification: 12th International Workshop, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag New York, 2005.
9. F. G. Halasz and T. P. Moran, "Mental models and problem solving in using a calculator," in Proc. ACM SIGCHI Conf. Human Factors Comput. Syst., 1983, pp. 212-216.
10. S. Halls, Design for Patient Safety: A Guide to the Design of Electronic Infusion Devices. National Patient Safety Agency, 2010.
11. M. D. Harrison and H. Thimbleby, Formal Methods in Human Computer Interaction. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1990.
12. H. R. Hartson and P. D. Gray, "Temporal aspects of tasks in the user action notation," Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1-45, 1992.
13. C. A. R. Hoare, "An axiomatic basis for computer programming," Commun. ACM, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 576-580 & 583, 1969.
14. International Standards Organization, Ergonomics of Human-System Interaction-Part 210: Human-Centred Design for Interactive Systems, ISO 9241-210, 1st ed., 2010.
15. Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2006, Sep.). ALERT: Potential for 'Key Bounce' with infusion pumps. ISMP Canada Safety Bull. [Online]. 6(6). Available: www.ismp-canada.org
16. Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2007). Fluorouracil Incident Root Cause Analysis [Online]. Available: www.ismp-canada.org
17. Institute for Safe Medication Practices, List of Error-prone Abbreviations, Symbols and Dose Designations [Online]. Available: www. ismp.org/tools/abbreviations
18. P. N. Johnson-Laird, Human and Machine Thinking. Hillsdale, NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.. 1993.
19. J. C. Knight and N. G. Leveson, "A reply to the criticisms of the Knight & Leveson experiment," SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes, vol. 15, pp. 24-35, 1990.
20. T. K. Landauer, The Trouble with Computers. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 1995.
21. P. Masci, R. Ruk-s-enas, P. Oladimeji, A. Cauchi, A. Gimblett, Y. Li, P. Curzon, and H. Thimbleby, "The benefits of formalising interactive number entry case studies with drug infusion pumps," in Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, London, U.K.: Springer-Verlag, 2013, pp. 1-21.
22. P. Masci, Y. Zhang, P. Jones, P. Curzon, and H. Thimbleby, "Formal verification of medical device user interfaces using PVS," Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Fundamental Approaches Soft. Eng. FASE'14, doi: 10.1007/9783642548048-14, 2014.
23. R. E. Mayer and P. Bayman, "Psychology of calculator languages: A framework for describing differences in users' knowledge," Commun. ACM, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 511-520, 1981.
24. D. A. Norman, "Design rules based on analyses of human error," Commun. ACM, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 254-258, 1983.
25. P. Oladimeji, A. Cox, and H. Thimbleby, "Number entry interfaces and their effects on errors and number perception," in Proc. IFIP Conf. Human-Comput. Interaction, 2011, pp. 178-185.
26. K. A. Olsen, "The $100,000 keying error," IEEE Comput., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 1005-108, Apr. 2008.
27. F. Paterno, C. Santoro, and J. Ziegler, eds., Proc. ACM SIGCHI Symp. Eng. Interactive Comput. Syst., ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2014.
28. K. R. Popper, Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge, 2nd ed. Evanston, IL, USA: Routledge, 2002.
29. J. Reason, Human Error. Cambridge, U.K. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1990.
30. C. Runciman and H. Thimbleby, "Equal opportunity interactive systems," Int. J. Man-Mach. Stud., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 439-451, 1986.
31. J. Rushby, "Logic and epistemology in safety cases," in Proc. 32nd Int. Conf. Comput. Safety, Rel. Security, 2013, pp. 1-7.
32. J. M. Spivey, Z. Notation: A Reference Manual, Prentice Hall International series in Computer Science. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall, 1988.
33. H. Thimbleby, "Guidelines for 'manipulative' text editing," Behav. Inf. Technol., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 127-161, 1983.
34. H. Thimbleby, User Interface Design. Reading, MA, USA: Addison-Wesley, 1990.
35. H. Thimbleby, "A new calculator and why it is necessary," Comput. J., vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 418-433, 1995.
36. H. Thimbleby, "Calculators are needlessly bad," Int. J. Human-Comput. Stud., vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 1031-1069, 2000.
37. H. Thimbleby, "Permissive user interfaces," Int. J. Human-Comput. Stud., vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 333-350, 2001.
38. H. Thimbleby, "Interaction walkthrough: Evaluation of safety critical interactive systems," in Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Des., Specification, Verification Interactive Syst., 2007, pp. 52-66.
39. H. Thimbleby, Press On. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 2007.
40. H. Thimbleby, "Heedless programming: Ignoring detectable error is a widespread hazard," Softw.-Prac. Exp., vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 1393-1407, 2012.
41. H. Thimbleby, "Reasons to question seven segment displays," in Proc. ACM Conf. Comput.-Human Interaction, 2013, pp. 1431-1440.
42. H. Thimbleby, "Improving safety in medical devices and systems," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Healthcare Informat., pp. 1-13.
43. H. Thimbleby and A. Gimblett, "Dependable keyed data entry for interactive systems," Electronic Commun. EASST, vol. 45, pp. 1/16-16/16, 2011.
44. H. Thimbleby, A. Lewis, and J. G. Willians, "Making healthcare safer by understanding, designing and buying better IT," Clinical Medicine, 2015 (in press).
45. W. Thimbleby, "A novel pen-based calculator and its evaluation," in Proc. 3rd Nordic Conf. Human-Comput. Interaction, 2004, pp. 445-448.
46. W. Thimbleby, and H. Thimbleby, "Mathematical mathematical user interfaces," in Proc. Eng. Interactive Comput. Syst., 2008, pp. 519-535.
47. R. M. Young, "The machine inside the machine: Users' models of pocket calculators," Int. J. Man-Mach. Stud., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 51-85, 1981.