메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 192-199

Diabetic foot ulcer - A review on pathophysiology, classification and microbial etiology

Author keywords

Conventional and molecular approaches; Diabetic foot infections

Indexed keywords

BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; BRODSKY DEPTH ISCHEMIC CLASSIFICATION; DIABETIC FOOT; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; INTERNATIONAL WORKING GROUP CLASSIFICATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; MICROBIAL IDENTIFICATION; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PATHOGENESIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROKARYOTE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; ULCER HEALING; UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS CLASSIFICATION; WAGNER MEGGIT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM; WOUND ASSESSMENT; BACTERIUM; CLASSIFICATION; COMPLICATION; HUMAN; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; PATHOLOGY;

EID: 84937517771     PISSN: 18714021     EISSN: 18780334     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2015.04.007     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (248)

References (118)
  • 1
    • 84937534404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes atlas. 6th ed. International Diabetes Federation 2013
    • Diabetes atlas. 6th ed. International Diabetes Federation 2013.
  • 2
    • 82955247909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IDF diabetes atlas: Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030
    • D.R. Whiting, L. Guariguata, C. Weil, and J. Shaw IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030 Diabetes Res Clin Pract 94 2011 311 321
    • (2011) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.94 , pp. 311-321
    • Whiting, D.R.1    Guariguata, L.2    Weil, C.3    Shaw, J.4
  • 3
    • 37349088639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redesigning the urban environment to promote physical activity in Southern India
    • M. Vishwanathan, and P. Rajendra Redesigning the urban environment to promote physical activity in Southern India Diabetes Voice 52 2007 33 35
    • (2007) Diabetes Voice , vol.52 , pp. 33-35
    • Vishwanathan, M.1    Rajendra, P.2
  • 4
    • 84937534405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Diabetes Federation. The global burden. IDF diabetes atlas. 5th ed. 2012
    • International Diabetes Federation. The global burden. IDF diabetes atlas. 5th ed. 2012.
  • 5
    • 0026444518 scopus 로고
    • Diabetic foot ulcers: Etiology, treatment and prevention
    • C. Grunfeld Diabetic foot ulcers: etiology, treatment and prevention Adv Intern Med 37 1991 103 132
    • (1991) Adv Intern Med , vol.37 , pp. 103-132
    • Grunfeld, C.1
  • 6
    • 84937534406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus
    • T. Harrison, 16th ed. McGraw-Hill Companies New York
    • C. Alvin Diabetes mellitus T. Harrison, Principle of internal medicine 16th ed. 2005 McGraw-Hill Companies New York 830 835
    • (2005) Principle of Internal Medicine , pp. 830-835
    • Alvin, C.1
  • 8
    • 0025233640 scopus 로고
    • Pathways to diabetic limb amputation: Basis for prevention
    • R.E. Pecoraro, G.E. Reiber, and E.M. Burgess Pathways to diabetic limb amputation: basis for prevention Diabetes Care 13 1990 513 521
    • (1990) Diabetes Care , vol.13 , pp. 513-521
    • Pecoraro, R.E.1    Reiber, G.E.2    Burgess, E.M.3
  • 9
    • 0029802546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased mortality associated with diabetic foot ulcer
    • E.J. Boyko, J.H. Ahroni, D.G. Smith, and D. Davignon Increased mortality associated with diabetic foot ulcer Diabetes Med 13 1996 967 972
    • (1996) Diabetes Med , vol.13 , pp. 967-972
    • Boyko, E.J.1    Ahroni, J.H.2    Smith, D.G.3    Davignon, D.4
  • 10
    • 0019302822 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of re-amputation and death after gangrene of the lower extremity
    • B. Ebskov, and P. Josephsen Incidence of re-amputation and death after gangrene of the lower extremity Prosthet Orthot Int 4 1980 77 80
    • (1980) Prosthet Orthot Int , vol.4 , pp. 77-80
    • Ebskov, B.1    Josephsen, P.2
  • 12
    • 0030710602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morbidity and mortality associated with diabetic foot disease: A 12-month prospective survey of hospital admissions in a single UK centre
    • A.J. Krentz, P. Acheson, A. Basu, A. Kilvert, A.D. Wright, and M. Natrass Morbidity and mortality associated with diabetic foot disease: a 12-month prospective survey of hospital admissions in a single UK centre Foot 7 1997 144 147
    • (1997) Foot , vol.7 , pp. 144-147
    • Krentz, A.J.1    Acheson, P.2    Basu, A.3    Kilvert, A.4    Wright, A.D.5    Natrass, M.6
  • 13
    • 3142771333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infections in diabetic foot ulcerations
    • W.S. Joseph, and J.S. Tan Infections in diabetic foot ulcerations Curr Infect Dis Rep 5 2003 391 397
    • (2003) Curr Infect Dis Rep , vol.5 , pp. 391-397
    • Joseph, W.S.1    Tan, J.S.2
  • 14
    • 84993709427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An audit of lower extremity complications in octogenarian patients with diabetes mellitus
    • J.F. Reed An audit of lower extremity complications in octogenarian patients with diabetes mellitus Int J Low Extrem Wounds 3 3 2004 161 164
    • (2004) Int J Low Extrem Wounds , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 161-164
    • Reed, J.F.1
  • 17
    • 0003056617 scopus 로고
    • Repetitive stress in the development of diabetic foot disorders
    • M.E. Levin, J.K. Davidson, 4th ed. Mosby St. Louis
    • P.W. Brand Repetitive stress in the development of diabetic foot disorders M.E. Levin, J.K. Davidson, The diabetic foot 4th ed. 1988 Mosby St. Louis 83 90
    • (1988) The Diabetic Foot , pp. 83-90
    • Brand, P.W.1
  • 19
    • 0030883753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of diabetic foot problems. An overview
    • J.E. Shaw, and A.J.M. Boulton The pathogenesis of diabetic foot problems. An overview Diabetes Suppl 46 1997 S58 S61
    • (1997) Diabetes , pp. S58-S61
    • Shaw, J.E.1    Boulton, A.J.M.2
  • 20
    • 79952194546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinico-microbial study and anti-microbial drug resistance profile of diabetic foot infections in North India
    • M. Zubair, A. Malik, and J. Ahmad Clinico-microbial study and anti-microbial drug resistance profile of diabetic foot infections in North India Foot 21 2011 6 14
    • (2011) Foot , vol.21 , pp. 6-14
    • Zubair, M.1    Malik, A.2    Ahmad, J.3
  • 21
    • 53549124092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetic polyneuropathy: An update
    • D.W. Zochodone Diabetic polyneuropathy: an update Curr Opin Neurol 21 2008 527 533
    • (2008) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.21 , pp. 527-533
    • Zochodone, D.W.1
  • 22
    • 0003160568 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis, staging and classification of diabetic neuropathy and association with other complications
    • P.J. Dyck, P.K. Thomas, A.K. Asbury, WB Saunders Philadelphia
    • P.J. Dyck, J. Karnes, and P.C. O'Brien Diagnosis, staging and classification of diabetic neuropathy and association with other complications P.J. Dyck, P.K. Thomas, A.K. Asbury, Diabetic neuropathy 1987 WB Saunders Philadelphia 36 44
    • (1987) Diabetic Neuropathy , pp. 36-44
    • Dyck, P.J.1    Karnes, J.2    O'Brien, P.C.3
  • 24
    • 0029845386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of ascorbyl μ-linolenic acid and μ-linolenic acid in the correction of neurovascular deficits in diabetic rats
    • N.E. Cameron, and M.A. Cotter Comparison of the effects of ascorbyl μ-linolenic acid and μ-linolenic acid in the correction of neurovascular deficits in diabetic rats Diabetilogica 39 1996 1047 1054
    • (1996) Diabetilogica , vol.39 , pp. 1047-1054
    • Cameron, N.E.1    Cotter, M.A.2
  • 25
    • 0027981889 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the mechanisms for the chronic activation of diacylglycerol-protein kinase C pathways in diabetes and hypergalactosemia
    • P. Xia, T. Inoguchi, T.S. Kern, R.L. Engerman, P.J. Oates, and G.L. King Characterization of the mechanisms for the chronic activation of diacylglycerol-protein kinase C pathways in diabetes and hypergalactosemia Diabetes 43 1994 1122 1129
    • (1994) Diabetes , vol.43 , pp. 1122-1129
    • Xia, P.1    Inoguchi, T.2    Kern, T.S.3    Engerman, R.L.4    Oates, P.J.5    King, G.L.6
  • 27
    • 0027280105 scopus 로고
    • Reduced motor nerve conduction velocity and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in rats maintained on L-fructose diet. Reversal by myo-inositol supplementation
    • Yorek MA1, T.J. Wiese, E.P. Davidson, J.A. Dunlap, M.R. Stefani, C.E. Conner, and et al. Reduced motor nerve conduction velocity and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in rats maintained on L-fructose diet. Reversal by myo-inositol supplementation Diabetes 42 1993 1401 1406
    • (1993) Diabetes , vol.42 , pp. 1401-1406
    • Yorek, M.A.1    Wiese, T.J.2    Davidson, E.P.3    Dunlap, J.A.4    Stefani, M.R.5    Conner, C.E.6
  • 28
    • 0031026509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of inhibitors of aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase on neurovascular function, nerve conduction and tissue polyol pathway metabolites in streptozotocin-diabetic rats
    • N.E. Cameron, M.A. Cotter, M. Basso, and T.C. Hohman Comparison of the effects of inhibitors of aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase on neurovascular function, nerve conduction and tissue polyol pathway metabolites in streptozotocin-diabetic rats Diabetelogia 40 1997 271 281
    • (1997) Diabetelogia , vol.40 , pp. 271-281
    • Cameron, N.E.1    Cotter, M.A.2    Basso, M.3    Hohman, T.C.4
  • 29
    • 0347659441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor and diabetic neuropathy
    • G. Pittenger, and A. Vinik Nerve growth factor and diabetic neuropathy Exp Diabesity Res 4 2003 271 281
    • (2003) Exp Diabesity Res , vol.4 , pp. 271-281
    • Pittenger, G.1    Vinik, A.2
  • 30
    • 0030721016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmunity and diabetic neuropathy
    • N. Canal, and R. Nemni Autoimmunity and diabetic neuropathy Clin Neurosci 4 1997 371 373
    • (1997) Clin Neurosci , vol.4 , pp. 371-373
    • Canal, N.1    Nemni, R.2
  • 31
    • 20044376702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathobiology of diabetic complications: A unifying mechanism
    • M. Brownlee The pathobiology of diabetic complications: a unifying mechanism Diabetes 54 2005 1615 1625
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 1615-1625
    • Brownlee, M.1
  • 32
    • 0000410998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetic wounds, assessment, classification, and management
    • D. Krasner, G. Rodeheaver, R.G. Sibbald, Health Management Publications Wayne, PA
    • D.L. Steed Diabetic wounds, assessment, classification, and management D. Krasner, G. Rodeheaver, R.G. Sibbald, Chronic wound care: a clinical source book for healthcare professionals 2001 Health Management Publications Wayne, PA 575 581
    • (2001) Chronic Wound Care: A Clinical Source Book for Healthcare Professionals , pp. 575-581
    • Steed, D.L.1
  • 33
    • 47649085039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wound bioburden and infection-related complications in diabetic foot ulcers
    • S.E. Gardner, and R.A. Frantz Wound bioburden and infection-related complications in diabetic foot ulcers Biol Res Nurs 10 2008 44 53
    • (2008) Biol Res Nurs , vol.10 , pp. 44-53
    • Gardner, S.E.1    Frantz, R.A.2
  • 34
    • 66349112644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of pathophysiology, classification and treatment of foot ulcers in diabetic patients
    • W. Clayton, and T.A. Elasy A review of pathophysiology, classification and treatment of foot ulcers in diabetic patients Clin Diabetes 27 2009 52 58
    • (2009) Clin Diabetes , vol.27 , pp. 52-58
    • Clayton, W.1    Elasy, T.A.2
  • 35
    • 0029621162 scopus 로고
    • Infections in diabetes mellitus
    • [in German]
    • S. Schubert, and J. Heesemann Infections in diabetes mellitus Immun Infekt 23 1995 200 204 [in German]
    • (1995) Immun Infekt , vol.23 , pp. 200-204
    • Schubert, S.1    Heesemann, J.2
  • 36
    • 77954927359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moisture status of the skin of the feet assessed by the visual test neuropad correlates with foot ulceration in diabetes
    • N. Tentolouris, C. Voulgari, S. Liatis, A. Kokkinos, I. Eleftheriadou, K. Makrilakis, and et al. Moisture status of the skin of the feet assessed by the visual test neuropad correlates with foot ulceration in diabetes Diabetes Care 33 2010 1112 1114
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , pp. 1112-1114
    • Tentolouris, N.1    Voulgari, C.2    Liatis, S.3    Kokkinos, A.4    Eleftheriadou, I.5    Makrilakis, K.6
  • 37
    • 0344844381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral arterial disease in people with diabetes
    • American Diabetes Association Peripheral arterial disease in people with diabetes Diabetes Care 26 2003 3333 3341
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26 , pp. 3333-3341
  • 38
    • 0019153942 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral vascular disease in diabetes mellitus and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors: Screening with the Doppler ultrasonic technique
    • H.U. Janka, E. Standl, and H. Mehnert Peripheral vascular disease in diabetes mellitus and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors: screening with the Doppler ultrasonic technique Diabetes Care 3 1980 207 213
    • (1980) Diabetes Care , vol.3 , pp. 207-213
    • Janka, H.U.1    Standl, E.2    Mehnert, H.3
  • 39
    • 48749137717 scopus 로고
    • The prevention and treatment of five complications of diabetes: A guide for primary care physicians
    • National Diabetes Advisory Board The prevention and treatment of five complications of diabetes: a guide for primary care physicians Metabolism 33 1984 15 17
    • (1984) Metabolism , vol.33 , pp. 15-17
  • 41
    • 0002714577 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral vascular disease and diabetes
    • M.I. Harris, R.F. Hamman, U.S. Govt. Printing Office Washington DC [p. XV]
    • P.J. Palumbo, and L.J. Melton Peripheral vascular disease and diabetes M.I. Harris, R.F. Hamman, Diabetes in America 1985 U.S. Govt. Printing Office Washington DC 1 21 [p. XV]
    • (1985) Diabetes in America , pp. 1-21
    • Palumbo, P.J.1    Melton, L.J.2
  • 42
    • 0022609861 scopus 로고
    • Effect of excersise on platelet function, coagulation, and fibrinolysis
    • J.A. Colwell Effect of excersise on platelet function, coagulation, and fibrinolysis Diabetes Metab Rev 1 1986 185 196
    • (1986) Diabetes Metab Rev , vol.1 , pp. 185-196
    • Colwell, J.A.1
  • 43
    • 26044481420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of the diabetic foot
    • T.L. Dinh, and A. Veves A review of the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of the diabetic foot J Low Extrem Wounds 4 3 2005 154 159
    • (2005) J Low Extrem Wounds , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 154-159
    • Dinh, T.L.1    Veves, A.2
  • 44
    • 0345550301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors that precipitate development of diabetic foot ulcers in rural India
    • M.A. Aleem Factors that precipitate development of diabetic foot ulcers in rural India Lancet 362 2003 1858
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 1858
    • Aleem, M.A.1
  • 45
    • 0029835440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between callus formation, high pressures and neuropathy in diabetic foot ulceration
    • H.J. Murray, M.J. Young, and A.J.M. Boulton The relationship between callus formation, high pressures and neuropathy in diabetic foot ulceration Diabetes Med 13 1996 979 982
    • (1996) Diabetes Med , vol.13 , pp. 979-982
    • Murray, H.J.1    Young, M.J.2    Boulton, A.J.M.3
  • 46
    • 0038362370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diabetic foot
    • P.J. Watkins The diabetic foot BMJ 326 2003 977 979
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.326 , pp. 977-979
    • Watkins, P.J.1
  • 48
    • 0036095250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The north-west diabetes foot care study: Incidence of, and risk factors for, new diabetic foot ulceration in a community-based patient cohort
    • C.A. Abbott, A.L. Carrington, H. Ashe, S. Bath, L.C. Every, J. Griffiths, and et al. The north-west diabetes foot care study: incidence of, and risk factors for, new diabetic foot ulceration in a community-based patient cohort Diabetes Med 20 2002 377 384
    • (2002) Diabetes Med , vol.20 , pp. 377-384
    • Abbott, C.A.1    Carrington, A.L.2    Ashe, H.3    Bath, S.4    Every, L.C.5    Griffiths, J.6
  • 49
    • 0032942069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Healing of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers receiving standard trcaimeiit. A meta-analysis
    • D.J. Margolis, J. Kantor, and J.A. Berlin Healing of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers receiving standard trcaimeiit. A meta-analysis Diabetes Cure 22 1999 692 695
    • (1999) Diabetes Cure , vol.22 , pp. 692-695
    • Margolis, D.J.1    Kantor, J.2    Berlin, J.A.3
  • 50
    • 0023106697 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical location of acute diabetic foot infection: Its influence on the outcome of treatment
    • J. Kaufman, L. Breeding, and N. Rosenberg Anatomical location of acute diabetic foot infection: its influence on the outcome of treatment Am J Surg 53 1987 109 112
    • (1987) Am J Surg , vol.53 , pp. 109-112
    • Kaufman, J.1    Breeding, L.2    Rosenberg, N.3
  • 51
    • 0032521306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetic foot ulcers: Prevention, diagnosis and classification
    • D.G. Armstrong, and L.A. Lavery Diabetic foot ulcers: prevention, diagnosis and classification Am Fam Physician 57 1998 1325 1332
    • (1998) Am Fam Physician , vol.57 , pp. 1325-1332
    • Armstrong, D.G.1    Lavery, L.A.2
  • 53
    • 0038283001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wound assessment and evaluation and diabetic ulcer
    • J. Cuzzell Wound assessment and evaluation and diabetic ulcer Dermatol Nurs 15 2 2003 153
    • (2003) Dermatol Nurs , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 153
    • Cuzzell, J.1
  • 54
    • 0036870656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetic foot ulcers: Pathogenesis and management
    • R.G. Frykberg Diabetic foot ulcers: pathogenesis and management Am Fam Physician 66 2002 1655 1662
    • (2002) Am Fam Physician , vol.66 , pp. 1655-1662
    • Frykberg, R.G.1
  • 55
    • 0000243511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diabetic foot
    • RA Mann, MJ Coughlin, 7th ed. Mosby-Year Book St Louis, MO
    • J.W. Brodsky The diabetic foot RA Mann, MJ Coughlin, Surgery of the foot and ankle 7th ed. 1999 Mosby-Year Book St Louis, MO
    • (1999) Surgery of the Foot and Ankle
    • Brodsky, J.W.1
  • 56
    • 0035135501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of two diabetic foot ulcer classification systems: The Wagner and the university of Texas wound classification systems
    • S.O. Oyibo, E.B. Jude, I. Tarawneh, H.C. Nguyen, L.B. Harkless, and A.J. Boulton A comparison of two diabetic foot ulcer classification systems: the Wagner and the university of Texas wound classification systems Diabetes Care 24 2001 84 88
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , pp. 84-88
    • Oyibo, S.O.1    Jude, E.B.2    Tarawneh, I.3    Nguyen, H.C.4    Harkless, L.B.5    Boulton, A.J.6
  • 57
    • 0031790954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of wound classification system: The contribution of depth, infection, and ischemia to risk of amputation
    • D.G. Armstrong, L.A. Larvey, and L.B. Harkless Validation of wound classification system: the contribution of depth, infection, and ischemia to risk of amputation Diabetes Care 21 1998 855 859
    • (1998) Diabetes Care , vol.21 , pp. 855-859
    • Armstrong, D.G.1    Larvey, L.A.2    Harkless, L.B.3
  • 59
    • 0035434053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of the diabetic foot risk classification system of the international working group on the diabetic foot
    • E.J. Peters, and L.A. Lavery Effectiveness of the diabetic foot risk classification system of the international working group on the diabetic foot Diabetes Care 24 2001 1442 1447
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , pp. 1442-1447
    • Peters, E.J.1    Lavery, L.A.2
  • 60
    • 0035071319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wound microbiology and associated approaches to wound management
    • P.G. Bowler, B.I. Duerden, and D.G. Armstrong Wound microbiology and associated approaches to wound management Clin Microbiol Rev 14 2001 244 269
    • (2001) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.14 , pp. 244-269
    • Bowler, P.G.1    Duerden, B.I.2    Armstrong, D.G.3
  • 61
    • 0032977596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower extremity amputation in diabetes: The independent effects of peripheral vascular disease, sensory neuropathy, and foot ulcers
    • A.I. Adler, E.J. Boyko, J. Ahroni, and D.G. Smith Lower extremity amputation in diabetes: the independent effects of peripheral vascular disease, sensory neuropathy, and foot ulcers Diabetes Care 22 1999 1029 1035
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 1029-1035
    • Adler, A.I.1    Boyko, E.J.2    Ahroni, J.3    Smith, D.G.4
  • 62
    • 0033753070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the most effective way to reduce incidence of amputation in the diabetic foot
    • J. Apelqvist, and J. Larsson What is the most effective way to reduce incidence of amputation in the diabetic foot Diabetes Metab Res Rev 16 2000 S75 S83
    • (2000) Diabetes Metab Res Rev , vol.16 , pp. S75-S83
    • Apelqvist, J.1    Larsson, J.2
  • 63
    • 78651091303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in minor amputation rate in diabetic foot disease throughout Europe are in part explained by differences in disease severity at presentation
    • P. van Battum, N. Schaper, L. Prompers, J. Apelqvist, E. Jude, A. Piaggesi, and et al. Differences in minor amputation rate in diabetic foot disease throughout Europe are in part explained by differences in disease severity at presentation Diabetes Med 28 2011 199 205
    • (2011) Diabetes Med , vol.28 , pp. 199-205
    • Van Battum, P.1    Schaper, N.2    Prompers, L.3    Apelqvist, J.4    Jude, E.5    Piaggesi, A.6
  • 64
    • 3943080674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical treatment of diabetic foot infections
    • B.A. Lipsky Medical treatment of diabetic foot infections Clin Infect Dis 39 Suppl 2 2004 S104 S114
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.39 , pp. S104-S114
    • Lipsky, B.A.1
  • 65
    • 0033736329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foot debridement: Anatomic knowledge is mandatory
    • J.A. Rauwerda Foot debridement: anatomic knowledge is mandatory Diabetes Metab Res Rev 16 1 2000 S23 S26
    • (2000) Diabetes Metab Res Rev , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. S23-S26
    • Rauwerda, J.A.1
  • 66
    • 0028275581 scopus 로고
    • Diabetic foot infections: Pathophysiology and treatment
    • R.M. Bridges, and E.A. Deitch Diabetic foot infections: pathophysiology and treatment Surg Clin N Am 74 1994 537 555
    • (1994) Surg Clin N Am , vol.74 , pp. 537-555
    • Bridges, R.M.1    Deitch, E.A.2
  • 67
    • 0024312439 scopus 로고
    • Wound classification is more important than site of ulceration in the outcome of diabetic foot ulcers
    • J. Apelqvist, J. Castenfors, and J. Larsson Wound classification is more important than site of ulceration in the outcome of diabetic foot ulcers Diabetes Med 6 1989 526 530
    • (1989) Diabetes Med , vol.6 , pp. 526-530
    • Apelqvist, J.1    Castenfors, J.2    Larsson, J.3
  • 68
    • 0031711506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of diabetic foot ulcers
    • G.E. Reiber, B.A. Lipsky, and G.W. Gibbons The burden of diabetic foot ulcers Am J Surg 176 Suppl 2A 1998 S5 S10
    • (1998) Am J Surg , vol.176 , pp. S5-S10
    • Reiber, G.E.1    Lipsky, B.A.2    Gibbons, G.W.3
  • 69
    • 0002367112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious problems of the foot in diabetic patients
    • J.H. Bowker, M.A. Pfeifer, Mosby St. Louis
    • B.A. Lipsky Infectious problems of the foot in diabetic patients J.H. Bowker, M.A. Pfeifer, The diabetic foot 6 2001 Mosby St. Louis 467 480
    • (2001) The Diabetic Foot , vol.6 , pp. 467-480
    • Lipsky, B.A.1
  • 71
    • 0014250908 scopus 로고
    • Major infections of the foot
    • J.W. Meade, and C.B. Muller Major infections of the foot Med Times 96 1968 154 165
    • (1968) Med Times , vol.96 , pp. 154-165
    • Meade, J.W.1    Muller, C.B.2
  • 73
    • 84864383895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetic foot infections: Current concept review
    • K.B. Hobizal, and D.K. Wukich Diabetic foot infections: current concept review Diabetes Foot Ankle 3 2012 18409
    • (2012) Diabetes Foot Ankle , vol.3 , pp. 18409
    • Hobizal, K.B.1    Wukich, D.K.2
  • 74
    • 0000992437 scopus 로고
    • Criteria for identifying wound infection
    • K. Cutting, and K. Harding Criteria for identifying wound infection J Wound Care 3 1994 198 201
    • (1994) J Wound Care , vol.3 , pp. 198-201
    • Cutting, K.1    Harding, K.2
  • 76
    • 33847000211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimising antimicrobial therapy in diabetic foot infections
    • N. Rao, and B.A. Lipsky Optimising antimicrobial therapy in diabetic foot infections Drugs 67 2007 195 214
    • (2007) Drugs , vol.67 , pp. 195-214
    • Rao, N.1    Lipsky, B.A.2
  • 77
    • 76549166141 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of quantitativen wound bacterial counts to healing of decubiti: Effect of topical gentamicin
    • R.H. Bendy, P.A. Nuccio, E. Wolfe, B. Collins, C. Tamburro, W. Glass, and et al. Relationship of quantitativen wound bacterial counts to healing of decubiti: effect of topical gentamicin Antimicrob Agents Chemother 4 1964 147 155
    • (1964) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.4 , pp. 147-155
    • Bendy, R.H.1    Nuccio, P.A.2    Wolfe, E.3    Collins, B.4    Tamburro, C.5    Glass, W.6
  • 79
    • 84874444175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuropathic diabetic foot ulcer microbiome is associated with clinical factors
    • S.E. Gardner, S.L. Hillis, K. Heilmann, J.A. Segre, and E.A. Grice The neuropathic diabetic foot ulcer microbiome is associated with clinical factors Diabetes 62 2013 923 993
    • (2013) Diabetes , vol.62 , pp. 923-993
    • Gardner, S.E.1    Hillis, S.L.2    Heilmann, K.3    Segre, J.A.4    Grice, E.A.5
  • 81
    • 0037332231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the diabetic foot clinic: A worsening problem
    • C.N. Dang, Y.D. Prasad, A.J. Boulton, and E.B. Jude Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the diabetic foot clinic: a worsening problem Diabetes Med 20 2003 159 161
    • (2003) Diabetes Med , vol.20 , pp. 159-161
    • Dang, C.N.1    Prasad, Y.D.2    Boulton, A.J.3    Jude, E.B.4
  • 82
    • 0033446038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The microbiology of acute and chronic wounds
    • P.G. Bowler, and B.J. Davies The microbiology of acute and chronic wounds Wounds 11 1999 72 78
    • (1999) Wounds , vol.11 , pp. 72-78
    • Bowler, P.G.1    Davies, B.J.2
  • 83
    • 0026487028 scopus 로고
    • Foot infections in diabetes are rarely due to a single microorganism
    • J.A. Hunt Foot infections in diabetes are rarely due to a single microorganism Diabetes Med 9 1992 749 752
    • (1992) Diabetes Med , vol.9 , pp. 749-752
    • Hunt, J.A.1
  • 85
    • 0348109440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evidence based approach to diabetic foot infection
    • R.G. Frykberg An evidence based approach to diabetic foot infection Am J Surg 186 2003 44S 54S
    • (2003) Am J Surg , vol.186 , pp. 44S-54S
    • Frykberg, R.G.1
  • 87
    • 34548665257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteriology of moderate to severe diabetic foot infections and in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents
    • D.M. Citron, E.J.C. Goldstein, C.V. Merriam, B.A. Lipsky, and M.A. Abramson Bacteriology of moderate to severe diabetic foot infections and in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents J Clin Microbiol 45 2007 2819 2828
    • (2007) J Clin Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 2819-2828
    • Citron, D.M.1    Goldstein, E.J.C.2    Merriam, C.V.3    Lipsky, B.A.4    Abramson, M.A.5
  • 88
    • 0036689814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of pathogens in diabetic foot infection in South Indian type 2 diabetic patients
    • V. Viswanathan, J.J. Jasmine, C. Snehalatha, and A. Ramachandran Prevalence of pathogens in diabetic foot infection in South Indian type 2 diabetic patients J Assoc Physicians India 50 2002 1013 1016
    • (2002) J Assoc Physicians India , vol.50 , pp. 1013-1016
    • Viswanathan, V.1    Jasmine, J.J.2    Snehalatha, C.3    Ramachandran, A.4
  • 91
    • 0029830681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can aggressive treatment of diabetic foot infection reduce the need for above-ankle amputation
    • Tan JS1, N.M. Friedman, C. Hazelton-Miller, J.P. Flanagan, and T.M. File Jr. Can aggressive treatment of diabetic foot infection reduce the need for above-ankle amputation Clin Infect Dis 23 1996 286 291
    • (1996) Clin Infect Dis , vol.23 , pp. 286-291
    • Tan, J.S.1    Friedman, N.M.2    Hazelton-Miller, C.3    Flanagan, J.P.4    File, T.M.5
  • 92
    • 0038076918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of infected diabetic foot ulcers: Topical MSI-78 vs. Oral ofloxacin
    • B.A. Lipsky, D. McDonald, and P.A. Litka Treatment of infected diabetic foot ulcers: topical MSI-78 vs. oral ofloxacin Diabetologia 40 1 1997 482
    • (1997) Diabetologia , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 482
    • Lipsky, B.A.1    McDonald, D.2    Litka, P.A.3
  • 93
    • 84861325101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbiologic and clinical profile of anaerobic diabetic foot infections
    • A.S.C. Catherine, T.M. Myrna, and M.A. Marissa Microbiologic and clinical profile of anaerobic diabetic foot infections Philipp J Microbiol Infect Dis 31 4 2002 151 160
    • (2002) Philipp J Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 151-160
    • Catherine, A.S.C.1    Myrna, T.M.2    Marissa, M.A.3
  • 96
    • 64349115031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virulence potential of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from diabetic foot ulcers: A new paradigm
    • Sotto A1, G. Lina, J.L. Richard, C. Combescure, G. Bourg, L. Vidal, and et al. Virulence potential of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from diabetic foot ulcers: a new paradigm Diabetes Care 31 2008 2318 2324
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 2318-2324
    • Sotto, A.1    Lina, G.2    Richard, J.L.3    Combescure, C.4    Bourg, G.5    Vidal, L.6
  • 97
    • 34347397625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbiology of diabetic foot infections in a teaching hospital in Malaysia: A retrospective study of 194 cases
    • N.S. Raja Microbiology of diabetic foot infections in a teaching hospital in Malaysia: a retrospective study of 194 cases J Microbiol Immunol Infect 40 1 2007 39 44
    • (2007) J Microbiol Immunol Infect , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-44
    • Raja, N.S.1
  • 98
    • 57649201111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaerobic culture of diabetic foot infections: Organisms and antimicrobial susceptibilities
    • L.S. Ng, L.L. Kwang, S.C. Yeow, and T.Y. Tan Anaerobic culture of diabetic foot infections: organisms and antimicrobial susceptibilities Ann Acad Med Singap 37 2008 936 939
    • (2008) Ann Acad Med Singap , vol.37 , pp. 936-939
    • Ng, L.S.1    Kwang, L.L.2    Yeow, S.C.3    Tan, T.Y.4
  • 99
    • 79953801593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing microbiological profile of pathogenic bacteria in diabetic foot infections: Time for a rethink on which empirical therapy to choose?
    • P. Ramakant, A.K. Verma, R. Misra, K.N. Prasad, G. Chand, A. Mishra, and et al. Changing microbiological profile of pathogenic bacteria in diabetic foot infections: time for a rethink on which empirical therapy to choose? Diabetologia 54 2011 58 64
    • (2011) Diabetologia , vol.54 , pp. 58-64
    • Ramakant, P.1    Verma, A.K.2    Misra, R.3    Prasad, K.N.4    Chand, G.5    Mishra, A.6
  • 100
    • 78650269835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical therapy of diabetic foot infections
    • W.S. Joseph, and B.A. Lipsky Medical therapy of diabetic foot infections J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 100 2010 395 400
    • (2010) J Am Podiatr Med Assoc , vol.100 , pp. 395-400
    • Joseph, W.S.1    Lipsky, B.A.2
  • 101
    • 0018144521 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic value of sinus-tract cultures in chronic osteomyelitis
    • P.A. Mackowiak, S.R. Jones, and J.W. Smith Diagnostic value of sinus-tract cultures in chronic osteomyelitis J Am Med Assoc 239 1978 2772 2775
    • (1978) J Am Med Assoc , vol.239 , pp. 2772-2775
    • Mackowiak, P.A.1    Jones, S.R.2    Smith, J.W.3
  • 102
    • 0001712120 scopus 로고
    • The infected foot of the diabetic patient: Quantitative microbiology and analysis of clinical features
    • F.L. Sapico, J.L. Witte, H.N. Canawati, J.Z. Montgomerie, and A.N. Bessman The infected foot of the diabetic patient: quantitative microbiology and analysis of clinical features Rev Infect Dis 6 1984 5171 5176
    • (1984) Rev Infect Dis , vol.6 , pp. 5171-5176
    • Sapico, F.L.1    Witte, J.L.2    Canawati, H.N.3    Montgomerie, J.Z.4    Bessman, A.N.5
  • 103
    • 0021257988 scopus 로고
    • The clinical significance of bacterial growth in venous leg ulcers
    • G. Eriksson, A.E. Eklund, and L. Kallings L. The clinical significance of bacterial growth in venous leg ulcers Scand J Infect Dis 16 1984 175 180
    • (1984) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.16 , pp. 175-180
    • Eriksson, G.1    Eklund, A.E.2    Kallings, L.L.3
  • 104
    • 77951224305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic wounds and the medical biofilm paradigm
    • [48-50, 52-53]
    • R.D. Wolcott, D.D. Rhoads, and M.E. Bennett Chronic wounds and the medical biofilm paradigm J Wound Care 19 2010 45 46 [48-50, 52-53]
    • (2010) J Wound Care , vol.19 , pp. 45-46
    • Wolcott, R.D.1    Rhoads, D.D.2    Bennett, M.E.3
  • 106
    • 0030820506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection in superficial diabetic foot ulcers
    • V. Urbancic-Rovan, and M. Gubina Infection in superficial diabetic foot ulcers Clin Infect Dis 25 1997 S184 S185
    • (1997) Clin Infect Dis , vol.25 , pp. S184-S185
    • Urbancic-Rovan, V.1    Gubina, M.2
  • 107
    • 0028946084 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation
    • R.I. Amann, W. Ludwig, and K.H. Schleifer Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation Microbiol Rev 59 1995 143 169
    • (1995) Microbiol Rev , vol.59 , pp. 143-169
    • Amann, R.I.1    Ludwig, W.2    Schleifer, K.H.3
  • 109
    • 0028835602 scopus 로고
    • The microbial flora in venous leg ulcers without clinical signs of infection
    • C. Hansson, J. Hoborn, A. Möller, and G. Swanbeck The microbial flora in venous leg ulcers without clinical signs of infection Acta Dermato-Venereol 75 1995 24 30
    • (1995) Acta Dermato-Venereol , vol.75 , pp. 24-30
    • Hansson, C.1    Hoborn, J.2    Möller, A.3    Swanbeck, G.4
  • 110
    • 42049111815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of bacterial diversity in chronic wounds using pyrosequencing, DGGE, and full ribosome shotgun sequencing
    • S.E. Dowd, Y. Sun, P.R. Secor, D.D. Rhoads, B.M. Wolcott, G.A. James, and et al. Survey of bacterial diversity in chronic wounds using pyrosequencing, DGGE, and full ribosome shotgun sequencing BMC Microbiol 8 2008 43
    • (2008) BMC Microbiol , vol.8 , pp. 43
    • Dowd, S.E.1    Sun, Y.2    Secor, P.R.3    Rhoads, D.D.4    Wolcott, B.M.5    James, G.A.6
  • 111
    • 72049122419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular microbiology: New dimensions for cutaneous biology and wound healing
    • J.M. Martin, J.M. Zenilman, and G.S. Lazarus Molecular microbiology: new dimensions for cutaneous biology and wound healing J Invest Dermatol 130 1 2010 38 48
    • (2010) J Invest Dermatol , vol.130 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-48
    • Martin, J.M.1    Zenilman, J.M.2    Lazarus, G.S.3
  • 112
    • 0032775695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The microbiology of infected and noninfected leg ulcers
    • P.G. Bowler, and B.J. Davies The microbiology of infected and noninfected leg ulcers Int J Dermatol 38 1999 573 578
    • (1999) Int J Dermatol , vol.38 , pp. 573-578
    • Bowler, P.G.1    Davies, B.J.2
  • 113
    • 53749097505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymicrobial nature of chronic diabetic foot ulcer biofilm infections determined using bacterial tag encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP)
    • S.E. Dowd, R.D. Wolcott, Y. Sun, T. Mc-Keehan, E. Smith, and D. Rhoads Polymicrobial nature of chronic diabetic foot ulcer biofilm infections determined using bacterial tag encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) PLoS One 3 2008 e3326
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3 , pp. e3326
    • Dowd, S.E.1    Wolcott, R.D.2    Sun, Y.3    Mc-Keehan, T.4    Smith, E.5    Rhoads, D.6
  • 114
    • 77956809159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Healing and healing rates of chronic wounds in the age of molecular pathogen diagnostics
    • [271-280]
    • R.D. Wolcott, S.B. Cox, and S.E. Dowd Healing and healing rates of chronic wounds in the age of molecular pathogen diagnostics J Wound Care 19 2010 272 278 [271-280]
    • (2010) J Wound Care , vol.19 , pp. 272-278
    • Wolcott, R.D.1    Cox, S.B.2    Dowd, S.E.3
  • 115
    • 79951659098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of fungi and yeast in polymicrobial infections in chronic wounds
    • S.E. Dowd, Delton, J. Hanson, E. Rees, R.D. Wolcott, A.M. Zischau, and et al. Survey of fungi and yeast in polymicrobial infections in chronic wounds J Wound Care 20 2011 40 47
    • (2011) J Wound Care , vol.20 , pp. 40-47
    • Dowd, S.E.1    Delton2    Hanson, J.3    Rees, E.4    Wolcott, R.D.5    Zischau, A.M.6
  • 116
    • 78349295618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time PCR assays compared to culture-based approaches for identification of aerobic bacteria in chronic wounds
    • J.H. Melendez, Y.M. Frankel, A.T. An, L. Williams, L.B. Price, N.Y. Wang, and et al. Real-time PCR assays compared to culture-based approaches for identification of aerobic bacteria in chronic wounds Clin Microbiol Infect 16 12 2010 1762 1769
    • (2010) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.16 , Issue.12 , pp. 1762-1769
    • Melendez, J.H.1    Frankel, Y.M.2    An, A.T.3    Williams, L.4    Price, L.B.5    Wang, N.Y.6
  • 117
    • 68149089830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community analysis of chronic wound bacteria using 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing: Impact of diabetes and antibiotics on chronic wound microbiota
    • L.B. Price, C.M. Liu, J.H. Melendez, Y.M. Frankel, D. Engelthaler, M. Aziz, and et al. Community analysis of chronic wound bacteria using 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing: impact of diabetes and antibiotics on chronic wound microbiota PLoS One 4 7 2009 e6462
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4 , Issue.7 , pp. e6462
    • Price, L.B.1    Liu, C.M.2    Melendez, J.H.3    Frankel, Y.M.4    Engelthaler, D.5    Aziz, M.6
  • 118
    • 80355141555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of bacterial communities in venous insufficiency wounds by use of conventional culture and molecular diagnostic methods
    • M.S. Tuttle, E. Mostow, P. Mukherjee, F.Z. Hu, R. Melton-Kreft, G.D. Ehrlich, and et al. Characterization of bacterial communities in venous insufficiency wounds by use of conventional culture and molecular diagnostic methods J Clin Microbiol 49 2011 3812 3819
    • (2011) J Clin Microbiol , vol.49 , pp. 3812-3819
    • Tuttle, M.S.1    Mostow, E.2    Mukherjee, P.3    Hu, F.Z.4    Melton-Kreft, R.5    Ehrlich, G.D.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.