Self-reported symptoms and healthcare seeking in the general population -exploring "the Symptom Iceberg" Health behavior, health promotion and society

BMC Public Health

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

  Elnegaard, Sandra ^a   Andersen, Rikke Sand ^b   Pedersen, Anette Fischer ^b   Larsen, Pia Veldt ^a   Søndergaard, Jens ^a   Rasmussen, Sanne ^a   Balasubramaniam, Kirubakaran ^a   Svendsen, Rikke Pilsgaard ^a   Vedsted, Peter ^b   Jarbøl, Dorte Ejg ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN DENMARK   (Denmark)

^b AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Denmark; Gender; General practice; Healthcare seeking; Population based; Questionnaire; Symptom experience; Symptom iceberg

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; COHORT ANALYSIS; DENMARK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; GENERAL PRACTICE; HUMAN; ILLNESS BEHAVIOR; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRE; SELF REPORT; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; VERY ELDERLY;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COHORT STUDIES; DENMARK; FEMALE; GENERAL PRACTICE; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE; HUMANS; ILLNESS BEHAVIOR; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATIENT ACCEPTANCE OF HEALTH CARE; PREVALENCE; SELF REPORT; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES;

EID: 84937217325     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712458     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2034-5     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Last JMAM. The Iceberg "Completing the clinical picture" in general practice. Lancet. 1963;7297(2):28-31.
2. Dunnell K. Medicine takers and hoarders. J R Coll Gen Pract. 1973;23 Suppl 2:2-9.
3. Svendsen RP, Stovring H, Hansen BL, Kragstrup J, Sondergaard J, Jarbol DE. Prevalence of cancer alarm symptoms: a population-based cross-sectional study. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2010;28(3):132-7.
4. Svendsen RP, Jarbol DE, Larsen PV, Stovring H, Hansen BL, Soendergaard J. Associations between health care seeking and socioeconomic and demographic determinants among people reporting alarm symptoms of cancer: a population-based cross-sectional study. Fam Pract. 2013;30(6):655-65.
5. Verbrugge LM, Ascione FJ. Exploring the iceberg. Common symptoms and how people care for them. Med Care. 1987;25(6):539-69.
6. Hannay D. The symptom iceberg. Br J Gen Pract. 2011;61(584):224.
7. Bruusgaard D, Tschudi-Madsen H, Ihlebaek C, Kamaleri Y, Natvig B. Symptom load and functional status: results from the Ullensaker population study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:1085.
8. McAteer A, Elliott AM, Hannaford PC. Ascertaining the size of the symptom iceberg in a UK-wide community-based survey. Br J Gen Pract. 2011;61(582):e1-11.
9. Andersen R, Anderson OW, Smedby B. Perception of and response to symptoms of illness in Sweden and the United States. Med Care. 1968;6(1):18-30.
10. Goldberg W, Goldfrank L. The ecology of medical care revisited. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(16):1211.
11. Minassian VA, Yan X, Lichtenfeld MJ, Sun H, Stewart WF. The iceberg of health care utilization in women with urinary incontinence. Int Urogynecol J. 2012;23(8):1087-93.
12. Stoller EP, Forster LE, Portugal S. Self-care responses to symptoms by older people: A health diary study of illness behavior. Med Care. 1993;31(1):24-42.
13. White KL, Williams TF, Greenberg BG. The ecology of medical care. N Engl J Med. 1961;265:885-92.
14. Verbrugge LM. From sneezes to adieux: stages of health for American men and women. Soc Sci Med. 1986;22(11):1195-212.
15. Hunt K, Adamson J, Hewitt C, Nazareth I. Do women consult more than men? A review of gender and consultation for back pain and headache. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2011;16(2):108-17.
16. Barsky AJ. The paradox of health. N Engl J Med. 1988;318(7):414-8.
17. Wyke S, Hunt K, Ford G. Gender differences in consulting a general practitioner for common symptoms of minor illness. Soc Sci Med. 1998;46(7):901-6.
18. Hamilton W. The CAPER studies: five case-control studies aimed at identifying and quantifying the risk of cancer in symptomatic primary care patients. Br J Cancer. 2009;101:S80-6.
19. Hvidberg L, Pedersen AF, Wulff CN, Vedsted P. Cancer awareness and socio-economic position: results from a population-based study in Denmark. BMC Cancer. 2014;14:581.
20. Pedersen CB, Gotzsche H, Moller JO, Mortensen PB. The Danish Civil Registration System. A cohort of eight million persons. Dan Med Bull. 2006;53(4):441-9.
21. Rasmussen S, Sondergaard J, Larsen PV, Balasubramaniam K, Elnegaard S, Svendsen RP, et al. The Danish Symptom Cohort: Questionnaire and Feasibility in the Nationwide Study on Symptom Experience and Healthcare-Seeking among 100 000 Individuals. Int J Family Med. 2014;2014:187280.
22. Referral guidelines for suspected cancer [ http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg27 ]
23. [CG122] Ovarian cancer: The recognition and initial management of ovarian cancer [ http://www.nice.org.uk/Guidance/CG122 ]
24. Jones R, Latinovic R, Charlton J, Gulliford MC. Alarm symptoms in early diagnosis of cancer in primary care: cohort study using General Practice Research Database. BMJ. 2007;334(7602):1040.
25. Thygesen LC, Daasnes C, Thaulow I, Bronnum-Hansen H. Introduction to Danish (nationwide) registers on health and social issues: structure, access, legislation, and archiving. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(7 Suppl):12-6.
26. Jensen VM, Rasmussen AW. Danish Education Registers. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(7 Suppl):91-4.
27. Elliott AM, McAteer A, Hannaford PC. Revisiting the symptom iceberg in today's primary care: results from a UK population survey. BMC Fam Pract. 2011;12:16.
28. Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL. Modern epidemiology: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.
29. McColl E. Best practice in symptom assessment: a review. Gut. 2004;53 Suppl 4:iv49-54.
30. Jenkins P, Earle-Richardson G, Slingerland DT, May J. Time dependent memory decay. Am J Ind Med. 2002;41(2):98-101.
31. Kroenke K, Harris L. Symptoms research: a fertile field. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134(9 Pt 2):801-2.
32. Petrie KJ, Faasse K, Crichton F, Grey A. How common are symptoms? Evidence from a New Zealand national telephone survey. BMJ open. 2014;4(6):e005374.
33. Macleod U, Mitchell ED, Burgess C, Macdonald S, Ramirez AJ. Risk factors for delayed presentation and referral of symptomatic cancer: evidence for common cancers. Br J Cancer. 2009;101 Suppl 2:S92-S101.
34. Verbrugge LM. Triggers of symptoms and health care. Soc Sci Med. 1985;20(9):855-76.
35. Hibbard JH, Pope CR. Gender roles, illness orientation and use of medical services. Soc Sci Med. 1983;17(3):129-37.
36. Hannay D, Maddox E. Incongruous referrals. Lancet. 1975;306(7946):1195-7.
37. Rose N. The politics of life itself: Biomedicine, power, and subjectivity in the twenty-first century. Princeton University Press; 2007.
38. Campbell SM, Roland MO. Why do people consult the doctor? Fam Pract. 1996;13(1):75-83.