It's all in the attitude: The role of job attitude strength in job attitude-outcome relationships

Journal of Applied Psychology

Volumn 100, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 1259-1274

  Schleicher, Deidra J ^a   Smith, Troy A ^a   Casper, Wendy J ^b   Watt, John D ^a   Greguras, Gary J ^c  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON   (United States)

^c SINGAPORE MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Attitude strength; Job attitudes; Job satisfaction; OCB; Performance

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ATTITUDE; HUMAN; JOB PERFORMANCE; JOB SATISFACTION; PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT;

ADULT; ATTITUDE; HUMANS; JOB SATISFACTION; PERSONNEL LOYALTY; WORK PERFORMANCE;

EID: 84937073196     PISSN: 00219010     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0038664     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Abelson, R. P. (1995). Attitude extremity. In R. Petty & J. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 131-157). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
2. Allport, G. W. (1935). Attitudes. In C. Murchson (Ed.), Handbook of social psychology (pp. 798-844). Worcester, MA: Clark University Press.
3. Austin, J. T., & Villanova, P. (1992). The criterion problem: 1917-1992. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 836-874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.77.6.836
4. Bassili, J. N. (1993). Response latency versus certainty as indexes of the strength of voting intentions in a CATI survey. Public Opinion Quarterly, 57, 54-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/269354
5. Bassili, J. N. (1996). Meta-judgmental versus operative indexes of psychological attributes: The case of measures of attitude strength. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 637-653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.4.637
6. Bassili, J. N. (2008). Attitude strength. In W. D. Crano & R. Prislin (Eds.), Attitudes and attitude change (pp. 237-260). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
7. Bassili, J. N., & Krosnick, J. A. (2000). Do strength-related attitude properties determine susceptibility to response effects? New evidence from response latency, attitude extremity, and aggregate indices. Political Psychology, 21, 107-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00179
8. Bowling, N. A., & Johnson, R. E. (2013). Measuring implicit content and processes at work: A new frontier within the organizational sciences. Human Resource Management Review, 23, 203-204.
9. Brayfield, A. H., & Rothe, H. F. (1951). An index of job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 35, 307-311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0055617
10. Brief, A. P. (1998). Attitudes in and around organizations (Vol. 9). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
11. Budd, R. J. (1986). Predicting cigarette use: The need to incorporate measures of salience in the theory of reasoned action. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 16, 663-685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01752.x
12. Chaiken, S., & Baldwin, M. (1981). Affective-cognitive consistency and the effect of salient behavioral information on the self-perception of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.41.1.1
13. Chaiken, S., Pomerantz, E. M., & Giner-Sorolla, R. (1995). Structural consistency and attitude strength. In R. Petty & J. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 387-412). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
14. Converse, P. E. (1995). Foreword. In R. Petty & J. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. xi-xvii). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
15. Crano, W. D. (1995). Attitude strength and vested interest. In R. Petty & J. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 131-157). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
16. Crites, S. L., Fabrigar, L. R., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Measuring the affective and cognitive properties of attitudes: Conceptual and methodological issues. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 619-634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167294206001
17. Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
18. Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1995). Attitude strength, attitude structure, and resistance to change. In R. Petty & J. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 413-432). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
19. Edwards, J. R. (2001). Ten difference score myths. Organizational Research Methods, 4, 265-287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109442810143005
20. Edwards, J. R. (2002). Alternatives to differences scores: Polynomial regression analysis and response surface methodology. In F. Drasgow & N. W. Schmitt (Eds.), Advances in measurement and data analysis (pp. 350-400). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
21. Erber, M. W., Hodges, S. D., & Wilson, T. D. (1995). Attitude strength, attitude stability, and the effects of analyzing reasons. In R. Petty & J. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 433-454). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
22. Fazio, R. H. (1995). Attitudes as object-evaluation associations: Determinants, consequences, and correlates of attitude accessibility. In R. Petty & J. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 247-282). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
23. Fazio, R. H., Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Powell, M. C., & Kardes, F. R. (1986). On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 229-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.2.229
24. Fazio, R. H., & Williams, C. J. (1986). Attitude accessibility as a moderator of the attitude-perception and attitude-behavior relations: An investigation of the 1984 presidential election. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 505-514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.3.505
25. Fazio, R. H., & Zanna, M. P. (1978a). Attitudinal qualities relating to the strength of the attitude-behavior relationship. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 398-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(78)90035-5
26. Fazio, R. H., & Zanna, M. P. (1978b). On the predictive validity of attitudes: The roles of direct experience and confidence. Journal of Personality, 46, 228-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1978.tb00177.x
27. Fisher, C. D. (2000). Mood and emotions while working: Missing pieces of job satisfaction? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 185-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(200003)21:2_185::AIDJOB34_3.0.CO;2-M
28. Glasman, L. R., & Albarracín, D. (2006). Forming attitudes that predict future behavior: A meta-analysis of the attitude-behavior relation. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 778-822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.778
29. Gross, S. R., Holtz, R., & Miller, N. (1995). Attitude certainty. In R. E. Petty & J. A. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 215-246). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
30. Harrison, D. A., Newman, D. A., & Roth, P. L. (2006). How important are job attitudes? Meta-analytic comparisons of integrative behavioral outcomes and time sequences. Academy of Management Journal, 49, 305-325. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2006.20786077
31. Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 268-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.2.268
32. Holland, R. W., Verplanken, B., & van Knippenberg, A. (2003). From repetition to conviction: Attitude accessibility as a determinant of attitude certainty. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 594-601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00038-6
33. Humphrey, S. E., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A metaanalytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1332-1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.5.1332
34. Judd, C. M., & Brauer, M. (1995). Repetition and evaluative extremity. In R. Petty & J. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 43-72). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
35. Judge, T. A., & Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D. (2012). Job attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 341-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurevpsych-120710-100511
36. Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction-job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 376-407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.3.376
37. Kraus, S. J. (1995). Attitudes and the prediction of behavior: A metaanalysis of the empirical literature. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 58-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167295211007
38. Krosnick, J. A., Boninger, D. S., Chuang, Y. C., Berent, M. K., & Carnot, C. G. (1993). Attitude strength: One construct or many related constructs? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1132-1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.6.1132
39. Krosnick, J. A., & Petty, R. E. (1995). Attitude strength: An overview. In R. E. Petty & J. A. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 1-24). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
40. Krosnick, J. A., & Schuman, H. (1988). Attitude intensity, importance, and certainty and susceptibility to response effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 940-952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.940
41. Lavine, H., Huff, J. W., Wagner, S. H., & Sweeney, D. (1998). The moderating influence of attitude strength on the susceptibility to context effects in attitude surveys. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 359-373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.2.359
42. Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
43. Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008). The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice, 1, 3-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2007.0002.x
44. Moorman, R. H. (1993). The influence of cognitive and affective based job satisfaction measures on the relationship between satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. Human Relations, 46, 759-776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872679304600604
45. Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84, 231-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.3.231
46. Norman, R. (1975). Affective-cognitive consistency, attitudes, conformity, and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 83-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0076865
47. Organ, D. W., & Ryan, K. (1995). A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48, 775-802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01781.x
48. Petty, R. E., Wegener, D. T., & Fabrigar, L. R. (1997). Attitudes and attitude change. Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 609-647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.609
49. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26, 513-563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600307
50. Pratkanis, A. R., & Turner, M. E. (1994). Of what value is a job attitude? Human Relations, 47, 1545-1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872679404701206
51. Preacher, K. J., Curran, P. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2006). Computational tools for probing interactions in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 31, 437-448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/10769986031004437
52. Raden, D. (1985). Strength-related attitude dimensions. Social Psychology Quarterly, 48, 312-330. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2786693
53. Riketta, M. (2008). The causal relation between job attitudes and performance: A meta-analysis of panel studies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 472-481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.2.472
54. Rosenberg, M. J. (1968). Hedonism, inauthenticity, and other goals toward expansion of a consistency theory. In R. P. Abelson, E. Aronson, W. J. McGuire, T. M. Newcomb, M. J. Rosenberg, & P. H. Tannenbaum (Eds.), Theories of consistency: A sourcebook (pp. 73-111). Chicago: Rand McNally.
55. Salancik, G. R., & Pfeffer, J. (1978). A social information processing approach to job attitudes and task design. Administrative Science Quarterly, 23, 224-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2392563
56. Schleicher, D. J., Hansen, S. D., & Fox, K. (2010). Job attitudes and work values. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 137-189). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
57. Schleicher, D. J., Watt, J. D., & Greguras, G. J. (2004). Reexamining the job satisfaction-performance relationship: The complexity of attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 165-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.1.165
58. Sherif, C. W., Kelly, M., Rodgers, H. L., Jr., Sarup, G., & Tittler, B. I. (1973). Personal involvement, social judgment, and action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, 311-328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0034948
59. Sherif, M., & Hovland, C. I. (1961). Social judgment: Assimilation and contrast effects in communication and attitude change. Oxford, England: Yale University Press.
60. Sivacek, J., & Crano, W. D. (1982). Vested interest as a moderator of attitude-behavior consistency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 210-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.43.2.210
61. Staw, B. M., & Ross, J. (1985). Stability in the mist of change: A dispositional approach to job attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70, 469-480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.70.3.469
62. Uhlmann, E. L., Leavitt, K., Menges, J. I., Koopman, J., Howe, M., & Johnson, R. E. (2012). Getting explicit about the implicit: A taxonomy of implicit measures and guide for their use in organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 15, 553-601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094428112442750
63. Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., & Liden, R. C. (1997). Perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange: A social exchange perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 40, 82-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/257021
64. Wegener, D. T., Downing, J., Krosnick, J. A., & Petty, R. E. (1995). Measures and manipulations of strength-related properties of attitudes: Current practice and future directions. In R. E. Petty & J. A. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 455-487). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
65. Weiss, D. J., Dawis, R. V., England, G. W., & Lofquist, L. H. (1967). Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. (Minnesota studies in vocational rehabilitation, No. 22). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Industrial Relations Center.
66. Weiss, H. M. (2002). Deconstructing job satisfaction: Separating evaluations, beliefs, and affective experiences. Human Resource Management Review, 12, 173-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(02)00045-1
67. Wicker, A. W. (1969). Attitude versus actions: The relationship of verbal and overt behavioral responses to attitude objects. Journal of Social Issues, 25, 41-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1969.tb00619.x