Global prevalence of, and risk factors for, uninvestigated dyspepsia: A meta-analysis

Gut

Volumn 64, Issue 7, 2015, Pages 1049-1057

  Ford, Alexander C ^a,b   Marwaha, Avantika ^c   Sood, Ruchit ^a,b   Moayyedi, Paul ^c  

^a ST JAMES S UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^c MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT;

ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORT; ABDOMINAL PAIN; AFRICAN; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND; CENTRAL AMERICAN; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE DURATION; DYSPEPSIA; EOSINOPHILIA; GENDER; HELICOBACTER INFECTION; HUMAN; MIDDLE EAST; NORTH AMERICAN; NORTHERN EUROPEAN; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING; SOUTH AMERICAN; SOUTHEAST ASIAN; SOUTHERN EUROPEAN; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; ADULT; FEMALE; HEALTH; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; INTESTINE; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MALE; META ANALYSIS; MICROBIOLOGY; SEX DIFFERENCE;

ADULT; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL; DYSPEPSIA; FEMALE; GLOBAL HEALTH; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; HUMANS; INTESTINES; MALE; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; SMOKING;

EID: 84935021277     PISSN: 00175749     EISSN: 14683288     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307843     Document Type: Article

References (132)

1. Colin-Jones DG, Bloom B, Bodemar G., et al. Management of dyspepsia: Report of a working party. Lancet 1988; 331:576-9.
2. Drossman DA, Thompson WG, Talley NJ. Identification of sub-groups of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterology Intl 1990; 3:159-72.
3. Tack J, Talley NJ, Camilleri M, et al. Functional gastroduodenal disorders. Gastroenterology 2006; 130:1466-79.
4. Talley NJ, Colin-Jones DG, Koch K.L., et al. Functional dyspepsia: A classification with guidelines for diagnosis and management. Gastroenterology International 1991; 4:145-60.
5. Talley NJ, Stanghellini V, Heading R.C., et al. Functional gastroduodenal disorders. Gut 1999; 45 (SUPPL. 2):37-42.
6. Ford AC, Marwaha A, Lim A., et al. What is the prevalence of clinically significant endoscopic findings in subjects with dyspepsia? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 8:830-7.
7. Ford AC, Forman D, Bailey A.G., et al. Effect of dyspepsia on survival: A longitudinal 10-year follow-up study. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107:912-21.
8. Chang JY, Locke GR III, McNally MA, et al. Impact of functional gastrointestinal disorders on survival in the community. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105:822-32.
9. Enck P, Dubois D, Marquis P. Quality of life in patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms: Results from the domestic /international gastroenterology surveillance study (DIGEST). Scand J Gastroenterol 1999; 34 (SUPPL. 231):48-54.
10. Halder SLS, Locke GR, Talley N.J., et al. Impact of functional gastrointestinal disorders on health-related quality of life: A population-based case-control study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 19:233-42.
11. Mones J, Adan A, Segu J.L., et al. Quality of life in functional dyspepsia. Dig Dis Sci 2002; 47:20-6.
12. Talley NJ, Weaver AL, Zinsmeister AR. Impact of functional dyspepsia on quality of life. Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40:584-9.
13. Ford AC, Forman D, Bailey A.G., et al. Initial poor quality of life and new onset of dyspepsia: results from a longitudinal 10-year follow-up study. Gut 2007; 56:321-7.
14. Camilleri M, Dubois D, Coulie B., et al. Prevalence and socioeconomic impact of upper gastrointestinal disorders in the United States: results of the US Upper Gastrointestinal Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 3:543-52.
15. Brook RA, Kleinman NL, Choung R.S., et al. Functional dyspepsia impacts absenteeism and direct and indirect costs. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 8:498-503.
16. Lacy BE, Weiser KT, Kennedy A.T., et al. Functional dyspepsia: The economic impact to patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38:170-7.
17. Agreus L, Svardsudd K, Nyren O., et al. Irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia in the general population: Overlap and lack of stability over time. Gastroenterology 1995; 109:671-80.
18. Boyce PM, Talley NJ, Burke C, et al. Epidemiology of the functional gastrointestinal disorders diagnosed according to Rome II criteria: an Australian population-based study. Intern Med J 2006; 36:28-36.
19. Drossman DA, Li Z, Andruzzi E., et al. U.S. householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Prevalence, sociodemography, and health impact. Dig Dis Sci 1993; 38:1569-80.
20. Ford AC, Forman D, Bailey A.G., et al. Who consults with dyspepsia? Results from a longitudinal 10-yr follow-up study. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102:957-65.
21. Jones RH, Lydeard SE, Hobbs FDR, et al. Dyspepsia in England and Scotland. Gut 1990; 31:401-5.
22. Moayyedi P, Forman D, Braunholtz D., et al. The proportion of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in the community associated with Helicobacter pylori, lifestyle factors, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:1448-55.
23. Penston JG, Pounder RE. A survey of dyspepsia in Great Britain. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996; 10:83-9.
24. Talley NJ, Zinsmeister AR, Schleck C.D., et al. Dyspepsia and dyspepsia subgroups: a population-based study. Gastroenterology 1992; 102:1259-68.
25. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks J.J., et al. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. Br Med J 2003; 327:557-60.
26. DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1986; 7:177-88.
27. Egger M, Davey-Smith G, Schneider M., et al. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Br Med J 1997; 315:629-34.
28. Sterne JA, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis J.P., et al. Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. Br Med J 2011; 343:d4002.
29. Weir RD, Backett EM. Studies of the epidemiology of peptic ulcer in a rural community: prevalence and natural history of dyspepsia and peptic ulcer. Gut 1968; 9:75-83.
30. Hollnagel H, Norrelund N, Larsen S. [Gastrointestinal symptoms among 40-year olds in Glostrup. An epidemiological study]. Ugeskr Laeger 1982; 144:267-73.
31. Bruley des Varannes S, Galmiche JP, Bernades P, et al. [Epigastric pain and regurgitation: descriptive epidemiology in a representative sample of the adult population of France]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1988; 12:721-8.
32. Johnsen R, Straume B, Forde OH. Peptic ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia-a disease and a disorder. Scand J Prim Health Care 1988; 6:239-43.
33. Barros P, Pamo O. [Digestive disorders in the adult population of Lima]. Rev Gastroenterol Peru 1989; 9:131-8.
34. Glambek I, Arnesjo B, Soreide O. Correlation between gallstones and abdominal symptoms in a random population. Results: from a screening study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1989; 24:277-81.
35. Harrison JD, Morris DL. Dyspepsia in coalminers and the general population: a comparative study. Br J Ind Med 1989; 46:428-9.
36. Jones R, Lydeard S. Prevalence of symptoms of dyspepsia in the community. Br Med J 1989; 298:30-2.
37. Bernersen B, Johnsen R, Straume B., et al. Towards a true prevalence of peptic ulcer: the Sorreisa gastrointestinal disorder study. Gut 1990; 31:989-92.
38. Holcombe C, Omotara BA, Padonu M.K., et al. The prevalence of symptoms of dyspepsia in north eastern Nigeria. A random community based survey. Trop Geogr Med 1991; 43:209-14.
39. Raiha IJ, Impivaara O, Seppala M., et al. Prevalence and characteristics of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992; 40:1209-11.
40. Scott A, Mihailidou A, Smith R., et al. Functional gastrointestinal disorders in unselected patients with non-cardiac chest pain. Scand J Gastroenterol 1993; 28:585-90.
41. Agreus L, Svardsudd K, Nyren O., et al. The epidemiology of abdominal symptoms: prevalence and demographic characteristics in a Swedish adult population. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994; 29:102-9.
42. Agreus L, Svardsudd K, Talley N.J., et al. Natural history of gastroesophageal reflux disease and functional abdominal disorders. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:2905-14.
43. Holtmann G, Goebell H, Talley NJ. Dyspepsia in consulters and non-consulters: Prevalence, health-care seeking behaviour and risk factors. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1994; 6:917-24.
44. Kay L, Jorgensen T. Epidemiology of upper dyspepsia in a random population. Prevalence, incidence, natural history, and risk factors. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994; 29:2-6.
45. Kay L. Prevalence, incidence and prognosis of gastrointestinal symptoms in a random sample of an elderly population. Age Ageing 1994; 23:146-9.
46. Talley NJ, Fett SL, Zinsmeister A.R., et al. Gastrointestinal tract symptoms and self-reported abuse: a population-based study. Gastroenterology 1994; 107:1040-9.
47. Gasbarrini G, Pretolani S, Bonvicini F., et al. A population based study of Helicobacter pylori infection in a European country: The San Marino study. Relations with gastrointestinal diseases. Gut 1995; 36:838-44.
48. Isolauri J, Laippala P. Prevalence of symptoms suggestive of gastrooesophageal reflux disease in an adult population. Ann Med 1995; 27:67-70.
49. Talley NJ, Boyce PM, Owen B.K., et al. Initial validation of a bowel symptom questionnaire and measurement of chronic gastrointestinal symptoms in Australians. Aust NZ J Med 1995; 25:302-8.
50. Eliakim R, Cohen A, Ginsberg G., et al. The Jerusalem 70-year-olds longitudinal study: gastrointestinal findings. Isr J Med Sci 1996; 32:634-8.
51. Ihezue CH, Oluwole FS, Onuminya J.E., et al. Dyspepsia among the highlanders of Nigeria: an epidemiological survey. Afr J Med Med Sci 1996; 25:23-9.
52. Talley NJ, Boyce P, Jones M. Identification of distinct upper and lower gastrointestinal symptom groupings in an urban population. Gut 1998; 42:690-5.
53. Frexinos J, Denis P, Allemand H., et al. [Descriptive study of functional digestive symptoms in the French general population]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1998; 22:785-91.
54. Ho KY, Kang JY, Seow A. Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in a multiracial Asian population, with particular reference to reflux-type symptoms. Am J Gastroenterol 1998; 93:1816-22.
55. Kennedy TM, Jones RH, Hungin APS, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome, gastro-oesophageal reflux, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in the general population. Gut 1998; 43:770-4.
56. Lin SK, Lambert JR, Nicholson L, et al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in a representative Anglo-Celtic population of urban Melbourne. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 13:505-10.
57. Stone MA, Barnett DB, Mayberry JF. Lack of correlation between self-reported symptoms of dyspepsia and infection with Helicobacter pylori, in a general population sample. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 10:301-4.
58. Caballero-Plasencia AM, Sofos-Kontoyannis S, Valenzuela-Barranco M, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome in patients with dyspepsia: A community-based study in Southern Europe. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 11:517-22.
59. Stanghellini V. Three month prevalence rates of gastrointestinal symptoms and the influence of demographic factors: Results from the domestic /international gastroenterology surveillance study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999; 34 (SUPPL. 231):20-8.
60. Woodward M, Morrison CE, McColl KEL. The prevalence of dyspepsia and use of antisecretory medication in North Glasgow: Role of Helicobacter pylori vs. lifestyle factors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999; 13:1505-9.
61. Agreus L, Talley NJ, Svardsudd K, et al. Identifying dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: the value of pain or discomfort, and bowel habit descriptors. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000; 35:142-51.
62. Haque M, Wyeth JW, Stace N.H., et al. Prevalence, severity and associated features of gastro-oesophageal reflux and dyspepsia: a population-based study. NZ Med J 2000; 113:178-81.
63. Koloski NA, Talley NJ, Boyce PM. The impact of functional gastrointestinal disorders on quality of life. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:67-71.
64. Maleki D, Locke GR III, Camilleri M, et al. Gastrointestinal tract symptoms among persons with diabetes mellitus in the community. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160:2808-16.
65. Ricci JA, Siddique R, Stewart W.F., et al. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms in a U. S. national sample of adults with diabetes. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000; 35:152-9.
66. 13C-urea breath test and associated factors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15:1001-7.
67. Boekema P, van Dam van Isselt EF, Bots ML, et al. Functional bowel symptoms in a general Dutch population and associations with a common stimulus. Neth J Med 2001; 59:23-30.
68. Bytzer P, Talley NJ, Leemon M, et al. Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161:1989-96.
69. Kim K, Uchiyama M, Liu X., et al. Somatic and psychological complaints and their correlates with insomnia in the Japanese general population. Psychosom Med 2001; 63:441-6.
70. Xia HH, Talley NJ, Kam E.P., et al. Helicobacter pylori infection is not associated with diabetes mellitus, nor with upper gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetes mellitus. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:1039-46.
71. Curioso WH, Mendoza ND, Zerpa C.B., et al. [Prevalencia y asociación de la dispepsia y el síndrome deintestino irritable en una comunidad de la Selva Peruana]. Rev Gastroenterol Peru 2002; 22:129-40.
72. Hu WHC, Wong WM, Lam CLK, et al. Anxiety but not depression determines health care seeking in Chinese patients with dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: a population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16:2081-8.
73. Li Y, Nie Y, Sha W., et al. The link between psychosocial factors and functional dyspepsia: an epidemiological study. Chin Med J 2002; 115:1082-4.
74. Thompson WG, Irvine EJ, Pare P, et al. Functional gastrointestinal disorders in Canada: first population-based survey using Rome II criteria with suggestions for improving the questionnaire. Dig Dis Sci 2002; 47:225-35.
75. Westbrook JI, Talley NJ. Empiric clustering of dyspepsia into symptom subgroups: a population-based study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002; 37:917-23.
76. Mjornheim A-C, Finizia C., Blohme G, et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms in type 1 diabetic patients, as compared to the general population. Digestion 2003; 68:102-8.
77. Wildner-Christensen M, Moller Hansen J, Schaffalitzky DE, et al. Rates of dyspepsia one year after Helicobacter pylori screening and eradication in a Danish population. Gastroenterology 2003; 125:372-9.
78. Wong WM, Lai KC, Lam K.F., et al. Prevalence, clinical spectrum and health care utilization of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in a Chinese population: a population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 18:595-604.
79. Aro P, Ronkainen J, Storskrubb T., et al. Valid symptom reporting at upper endoscopy in a random sample of the Swedish adult general population: the Kalixanda study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004; 39:1280-8.
80. Harvey RF, Lane JA, Murray L.J., et al. Randomised controlled trial of effects of Helicobacter pylori infection and its eradication on heartburn and gastro-oesophageal reflux: Bristol Helicobacter project. Br Med J 2004; 328:1417-20.
81. Khoshbaten M, Hekmatdoost A, Ghasemi H., et al. Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and signs in northwestern Tabriz, Iran. Indian J Gastroenterol 2004; 23:168-70.
82. Wang J-H, Luo J-Y, Dong L, et al. Epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a general population-based study in Xi'an of Northwest China. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10:1647-51.
83. Chong VH. Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms: Heterogeneity of questionnaire studies. Indian J Gastroenterol 2005; 24:179.
84. Santos IS, Boccio J, Santos A.S., et al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and associated factors among adults in Southern Brazil: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2005; 5:118.
85. Olafsdottir LB, Gudjonsson H, Thjodleifsson B. [Epidemiological study of functional bowel disorders in Iceland]. Laeknabladid 2005; 91:329-33.
86. Papatheoridis GV, Karamanolis DG. Prevalence and impact of upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms in the Greek urban general population. Scand J Gastroenterol 2005; 40:412-21.
87. de Oliveira SS, da Silva dos Santos I, da Silva JF, et al. [Prevalence of dyspepsia and associated sociodemographic factors]. Rev Saude Publica 2006; 40:420-7.
88. Macenlle-Garcia R, Gayoso Diz P, Sueiro Benavides RA, et al. Risk factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. A population-based study conducted in the province of Ourense. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2006; 98:330-40.
89. Olmos JA, Pogorelsky V, Tobal F., et al. Uninvestigated dyspepsia in Latin America: a population-based study. Dig Dis Sci 2006; 51:1922-9.
90. Rey E, Elola-Olaso CM, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, et al. Prevalence of atypical symptoms and their association with typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux in Spain. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 18:969-75.
91. Wiklund I, Carlsson J, Vakil N. Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and well-being in a random sample of the general population of a Swedish community. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101:18-28.
92. Kitapcioglu G, Mandiracioglu A, Caymaz-Bor C, et al. Overlap of symptoms of dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux in the community. Turk J Gastroenterol 2007; 18:14-19.
93. Saberi-Firoozi M, Khademolhosseini F, Yousefi M., et al. Risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Shiraz, southern Iran. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:5486-91.
94. Basaranoglu M, Celebi S, Ataseven H., et al. Prevalence and consultation behavior of self-reported rectal bleeding by face-to-face interview in an Asian community. Digestion 2008; 77:10-15.
95. De Vries AC, Van Driel HF, Richardus JH, et al. Migrant communities constitute a possible target population for primary prevention of Helicobacter pylori-related complications in low incidence countries. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008; 43:403-9.
96. Hillila MT, Hamalainen J, Heikkinen M., et al. Gastrointestinal complaints among subjects with depressive symptoms in the general population. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 28:648-54.
97. Jeong J-J, Choi M-G, Cho Y-S, et al. Chronic gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life in the Korean population. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:6388-94.
98. Rejchrt S, Koupil I, Kopacova M., et al. Prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of uninvestigated dyspepsia in the Czech Republic. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 20:898-905.
99. Shi R, Xu S, Zhang H., et al. Prevalence and risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese populations. Helicobacter 2008; 13:157-65.
100. van Kerkhoven LAS, Eikendal T, Laheij RJ, et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms are still common in a general Western population. Neth J Med 2008; 66:18-22.
101. Yang SY, Lee OY, Bak Y.T., et al. Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and uninvestigated dyspepsia in Korea: a population-based study. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53:188-93.
102. Barzkar M, Pourhoseingholi MA, Habibi M, et al. Uninvestigated dyspepsia and its related factors in an Iranian community. Saudi Med J 2009; 30:397-402.
103. Lee SY, Lee KJ, Kim S.J., et al. Prevalence and risk factors for overlaps between gastroesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, and irritable bowel syndrome: a population-based study. Digestion 2009; 79:196-201.
104. Piessevaux H, De Winter B, Louis E, et al. Dyspeptic symptoms in the general population: a factor and cluster analysis of symptom groupings. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009; 21:378-88.
105. Reshetnikov OV, Kurilovich SA, Bobak M, et al. [Gastrointestinal symptoms in adult population of Novosibirsk city: prevalence and risk factors]. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv 2009; 81:11-16.
106. Mahadeva S, Yadav H, Rampal S., et al. Risk factors associated with dyspepsia in a rural Asian population and its impact on quality of life. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105:904-12.
107. Mahadeva S, Yadav H, Rampal S., et al. Ethnic variation, epidemiological factors and quality of life impairment associated with dyspepsia in urban Malaysia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 31:1141-51.
108. Rey E, Locke GR III, Jung HK, et al. Measurement of abdominal symptoms by validated questionnaire: a 3-month recall timeframe as recommended by Rome III is not superior to a 1-year recall timeframe. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 31:1237-47.
109. Zhao Y, Zou D, Wang R., et al. Dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome in China: a population-based endoscopy study of prevalence and impact. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32:562-72.
110. Haag S, Andrews JM, Gapasin J, et al. A 13-nation population survey of upper gastrointestinal symptoms: prevalence of symptoms and socioeconomic factors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33:722-9.
111. Hongo M. Epidemiology of FGID symptoms in Japanese general population with reference to life style. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 26 (SUPPL. 3):19-22.
112. Chang FY, Chen PH, Wu T.C., et al. Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in Taiwan: questionnaire-based survey for adults based on the Rome III criteria. Asian Pac J Clin Nutr 2012; 21:594-600.
113. de Kort S, Kruimel JW, Sels J.P., et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetes mellitus, and their relation to anxiety and depression. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 96:248-55.
114. Mak AD, Wu JC, Chan Y, et al. Dyspepsia is strongly associated with major depression and generalised anxiety disorder-a community study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:800-10.
115. Matsuzaki J, Suzuki H, Asakura K., et al. Classification of functional dyspepsia based on concomitant bowel symptoms. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:325-e164.
116. Miwa H. Life style in persons with functional gastrointestinal disorders-large-scale internet survey of lifestyle in Japan. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:464-71.
117. Wang L-Y, Yang Y-S, Zhang L, et al. Investigation of functional gastrointestinal disorders and their related factors in rural area. J Chinese People's Liberation Army 2012; 37:706-8.
118. Yazdanpanah K, Moghimi N, Yousefinejad V., et al. Dyspepsia prevalence in general population aged over 20 in the west part of Iran. J Pak Med Assoc 2012; 62:672-6.
119. Ziolkowski BA, Pacholec A, Kudlicka M., et al. Prevalence of abdominal symptoms in the Polish population. Przeglad Gastroenterologiczny 2012; 7:20-5.
120. Tielemans MM, Jaspers Focks J, van Rossum LG, et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms are still prevalent and negatively impact health-related quality of life: a large cross-sectional population based study in The Netherlands. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69876.
121. Chirila I, Drug VL, Petrariu F.D., et al. Overweight and gastrointestinal symptoms among adults of working age in Iasi City, Romania. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 2012; 116:268-73.
122. Lazebnik LB, Masharova AA, Bordin D.S., et al. [Multicentre study "Epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Russia"(MEGRE): First results]. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol 2009; 6:4-12.
123. Lopez-Colombo A, Morgan D, Bravo-Gonzalez D, et al. The epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders in Mexico: a population-based study. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2012; 2012:606174.
124. Caballero-Plasencia AM, Sofos-Kontoyannis S, Valenzuela-Barranco M, et al. Epidemiology of dyspepsia in a random mediterranean population. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2000; 92:781-92.
125. Rosenstock S, Kay L, Rosenstock C., et al. Relation between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastrointestinal symptoms and syndromes. Gut 1997; 41:169-76.
126. Wildner-Christensen M, Hansen JM, de Muckadell OB. Risk factors for dyspepsia in a general population: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cigarette smoking and unemployment are more important than Helicobacter pylori infection. Scand J Gastroenterol 2006; 41:149-54.
127. Heading RC. Prevalence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in the general population: a systematic review. Scand J Gastroenterol (suppl) 1999; 231:3-8.
128. Ford AC, Bercik P, Morgan D.G., et al. The Rome III criteria for the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia in secondary care are not superior to previous definitions. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:932-40.
129. Peery AF, Dellon ES, Lund J, et al. Burden of gastrointestinal disease in the United States: 2012 update. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:1179-87.
130. Everhart JE, Ruhl CE. Burden of digestive diseases in the United States part I: Overall and upper gastrointestinal diseases. Gastroenterology 2009; 136:376-86.
131. Walker MM, Talley NJ, Prabhakar M, et al. Duodenal mastocytosis, eosinophilia, and intraepithelial lymphocytosis as possible disease markers in the irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 29:765-73.
132. Walker MM, Salehian SS, Murray C.E., et al. Implications of eosinophilia in the normal duodenal biopsy-an association with allergy and functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 31:1229-36.