Phytochemistry of the genus Skimmia (Rutaceae)

Phytochemistry

Volumn 115, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 27-43

  Epifano, Francesco ^a   Fiorito, Serena ^a   Genovese, Salvatore ^a   Granica, Sebastian ^b,c   Vitalini, Sara ^d   Zidorn, Christian ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHIETI   (Italy)

^b MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW   (Poland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

Author keywords

Bioactivity; Chemosystematics; Ethnopharmacy; Phylogeny; Rutaceae; Skimmia

Indexed keywords

RUTACEAE; SKIMMIA;

PLANT MEDICINAL PRODUCT;

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CHEMISTRY; PHYLOGENY; RUTACEAE;

MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; PHYLOGENY; PHYTOCHEMICALS; RUTACEAE;

EID: 84934953560     PISSN: 00319422     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.02.014     Document Type: Review

References (123)

1. Abe, S., 1962. Synthesis of oleana-12, 15-diene. Nippon Kagaku Zasshi 83, 87.
2. Ahmad, K. F., Sultana, N., 2003. Studies on bioassay directed antifungal activity of medicinal plants Calotropis procera, Skimmia laureola, Peltophorum pterocarpum and two pure natural compounds ulopterol and 4-methoxy-1-methyl-3-(2'S-hydroxy-3'-ene butyl)-2-quinolone. J. Chem. Soc. Pak. 25, 328-330.
3. Ahmed, E., Arshad, M., Ahmad, M., Saeed, M., Ishaque, M., 2004. Ethnopharmacological survey of some medicinally important plants of Galliyat areas of NWEP. Pak. Asian J. Plant Sci. 3, 410-415.
4. Anon, A., 1920. A summarized study of certain essential oils. Roure-Bertrand Fils Sci. Ind. Bull. 4, 29-37.
5. Asahina, Y., Inubuse, M., 1930. Über Skimmianin. Chem. Ber. 63, 2052-2056.
6. Asahina, Y., Ohta, T., Inubuse, M., 1930. The alkaloid of Skimmia repens Nakai. Chem. Ber. 63, 2045-2051.
7. Atkinson, E., Boyd, D. R., Grundon, M. F., 1974. Coumarins of Skimmia japonica. Phytochemistry 13, 853-855.
8. Atta-ur-Rahman, A., Sultana, N., Choudhary, M. I., Shah, P. M., Khan, M. R., 1998a. Isolation and structural studies on the chemical constituents of Skimmia laureola. J. Nat. Prod. 61, 713-717.
9. Atta-ur-Rahman, A., Sultana, N., Jahan, S., Choudhary, M. I., 1998b. Phytochemical studies on Skimmia laureola. Nat. Prod. Lett. 12, 223-229.
10. Atta-ur-Rahman, A., Sultana, N., Riaz, M., Choudhary, M. I., 2002. Triterpene and coumarins from Skimmia laureola. Nat. Prod. Lett. 16, 305-313.
11. Atta-ur-Rahman, Khalid, A., Sultana, N., Ghayur, M. N., Mesaik, M. A., Khan, M. R., Gilani, A. H., Choudhary, M. I., 2006. New natural cholinesterase inhibiting and calcium channel blocking quinoline alkaloids. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 21, 703-710.
12. Barkatullah, Ibrar, M., Naveed, M., Rauf, A., 2013. Antipyretic and antinociceptive profile of leaves of Skimmia laureola. Middle East J. Sci. Res. 14, 1124-1128.
13. Bhargava, K. K., Seshadri, T. R., 1973. Chemical examination of the leaf residues of Skimmia laureola. Curr. Sci. 42, 59-60.
14. Bhattacharjee, S. R., Mullick, D. K., 1960. Isolation of scopoletin, skimming, and umbelliferone from the trunk-bark of Skimmia laureola. J. Ind. Chem. Soc. 37, 420-422.
15. Bhattarai, N. K., 1992. Medical ethnobotany in Karnali zone. Nepal. Econ. Bot. 46, 257-261.
16. Blaschek, W., Ebel, S., Hackenthal, E., Holzgrabe, U., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Schulz, V., 2007. Hagers Enzyklopädie der Arzneistoffe und Drogen. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Stuttgart, Stuttgart.
17. Boyd, D. R., Grundon, M. F., 1967. Quinoline alkaloids of Skimmia japonica Thunb. Tetrahedron Lett. 8, 2637-2638.
18. Boyd, D. R., Grundon, M. F., 1970. Quinoline alkaloids. Part X. (+)-Platydesminium salt and other alkaloids from Skimmia japonica Thunb. The synthesis of edulinine. J. Chem. Soc. C Org., 556-558
19. Bremer, B., Bremer, K., Chase, M. W., Fay, M. F., Reveal, J. L., Soltis, D. E., Soltis, P. S., Stevens, P. F., Anderberg, A. A., Moore, M. J., Olmstead, R. G., Rudall, P. J., Sytsma, K. J., Tank, D. C., Wurdack, K., Xiang, J. Q. Y., Zmarzty, S., 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 161, 105-121.
20. Chatterjee, A., Bhattacharyya, A., 1947. On the active principles isolated from the leaves and the bark of Skimmia laureola Hook. Curr. Sci. 16, 222-223.
21. Chatterjee, A., Bhattacharyya, A., 1953. The active principles of Skimmia laureola. J. Ind. Chem. Soc. 30, 33-36.
22. Collins, J. F., Grundon, M. F., 1969. The biosynthesis of isoprenoid quinoline alkaloids. J. Chem. Soc. D Chem. Commun., 621b-622b
23. Collins, J. F., Donnelly, W. J., Grundon, M. F., James, K. J., 1974. Biosynthesis of aromatic isoprenoids. Part I. The role of 3-prenylquinolines and of platydesmine in the biosynthesis of the furoquinoline alkaloid, dictamnine. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 2177-2181.
24. das Graças Fernandes da Silva, M. F., Gottlieb, O. R., Ehrendorfer, F., 1988. Chemosystematics of the Rutaceae: suggestions for a more natural taxonomy and evolutionary interpretation of the family. Plant Syst. Evol. 161, 97-134.
25. Eschenbach, W.v., 1215. Parzival. Neuhochdeutsche Übersetzung: Spiewok, W., 2011. Reclam Verlag, Ditzingen.
26. Escoubas, P., Fukushi, Y., Lajide, L., Mizutani, J., 1992. A new method for fast isolation of insect antifeedant compounds from complex mixtures. J. Chem. Ecol. 18, 1819-1832.
27. Gao, X., Zhao, P.-H., Hu, J.-F., 2011. Chemical constituents of plants from the genus Dictamnus. Chem. Biodivers. 8, 1234-1244.
28. Goel, C. L., Shiva, M. P., Mehra, S. N., Rai, Y. C., Badola, K. C., 1989. Production of essential oil from Skimmia laureola in Uttar Pradesh. Indian Perf. 33, 161-164.
29. Gondwal, M., Prakash, O., Punetha, H., Kanaujia, S., Pant, A. K., 2012a. Effect of essential oils of Skimmia anquetilia N. P. Taylor & Airy Shaw on fecundity, growth and development of Caryedon serratus. Int. J. Biol. Pharm. Allied Sci. 1, 124-132.
30. Gondwal, M., Prakash, O., Vivekanand, A., Pant, A. K., Padalia, R. C., Mathela, C. S., 2012b. Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of leaves and flowers of Skimmia anquetilia N. P. Taylor & Airy Shaw. J. Essent. Oil Res. 24, 83-90.
31. Groppo, M., Kallunki, J. A., Pirani, J. R., Antonelli, A., 2012. Chilean Pitavia more closely related to Oceania and Old World Rutaceae than to Neotropical groups: evidence from two cpDNA non-coding regions, with a new subfamilial classification of the family. PhytoKeys 19, 9-29.
32. Grundon, M. F., James, K. J., 1971. Biosynthesis of isoprene derivatives: origin of the furan ring in the quinoline alkaloid dictamnine. J. Chem. Soc. D Chem. Commun., 1311-1312
33. Grundon, M. F., Harrison, D. M., Sypropoulos, C. G., 1974. Biosynthesis of aromatic isoprenoids. Part II. Aromatic hydroxylation in the biosynthesis of the furoquinoline alkaloids, skimmianine, evoxine, and choisyine. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 2181-2184.
34. Hamayun, M., 2007. Traditional uses of some medicinal plants of Swat Valley, Pakistan. Indian J. Trad. Knowl. 6, 636-641.
35. Hasegawa, S., Miyake, M., Robertson, G. H., Berhow, M., 1998. Limonoids in Miyamashikimi (Skimmia japonica Thunb.). J. Jpn. Soc. Hort. Sci. 67, 835-838.
36. Hashi, M., 1991. Antitumor effects and anti complementary effects of tree polysaccharides. Bull. For. For. Prod. Res Inst. Ibaraki 360, 121-148.
37. He, M., Zhang, H., He, X., Zhang, M., 1995. Mass spectrometric study on two compounds from Skimmia laureola ssp. multinervia. Rapid Commun. Mass. Spectr. 9, 1122-1126.
38. He, L., Yang, S., Zi, G., Wu, D., Cui, T., Ding, Z., 2011. Studies on flavonoid and alkaloid from Skimmia arborescens Anders. ex Gamble and its pain releasing effect. Yunnan Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban 33, 705-709.
39. He, L., Yang, S., Wu, D., Cui, T., Ding, Z., 2012. Coumarins from Skimmia arborescens and its anti-inflammatory effect. Chin. J. Chin. Mat. Med. 37, 811-813.
40. Hegnauer, R., 1973. Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen, Band 6. Birkhäuser Verlag Basel und Stuttgart, 175-239.
41. Honda, J., 1904. About the skimmianine an alkaloid of the Skimmia japonica. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Ex. Path Ph. 52, 83-94.
42. Hussain, N., Parvez, M., 2010. 24-Methyllanosta-7, 25-dien-3-one. Acta Cryst. E 66, o626.
43. Hussain, N., Habib-ur-Rehman, Parvez, M., 2009. O-Methyl cyclolaudenol. Acta Cryst. E 65, o1202.
44. International Plant Names Index. 2014. Skimmia. www.ipni.org (accessed 15.01.2014).
45. Irshad, M., Aziz, S., Habib-ur-Rehman, Shahid, M., Ahmed, M. N., Minhas, F. A., Sherazi, T., 2012. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Skimmea laureola growing wild in the State of Jammu and Kashmir. J. Med. Plants Res. 6, 1680-1684.
46. Ito, C., Itoigawa, M., Furukawa, A., Hirano, T., Murata, T., Kaneda, N., Hisada, Y., Okuda, K., Furukawa, H., 2004. Quinolone alkaloids with nitric oxide production inhibitory activity from Orixa japonica. J. Nat. Prod. 67, 1800-1803.
47. Jangwan, J. S., Kumar, N., Singh, R., 2010. Analysis of composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil of Skimmia lauriola from Garhwal, Himalaya. Int. J. Chem. Sci. 8, 1433-1439.
48. John, P., Ahmad, I., Aziz-ur-Rehman, Riaz, T., Abbasi, M. A., 2014. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity of Skimmia anquetilia leaves extracts. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 5, 143-150.
49. Kumar, V., Bhat, A. Z., Kumar, D., Khan, N. A., Chashoo, I. A., 2012. Evaluation of antiinflammatory potential of leaf extracts of Skimmia anquetilia. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2, 627-630.
50. Mabberley, D. J., 2008. Mabberley's Plant-Book, 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1021 pp..
51. Mathela, C. S., Melkani, A. B., Pant, A. K., 1992. Reinvestigation of Skimmia laureola essential oil. Indian Perf. 36, 217-222.
52. Matsuo, M., Kasida, Y., 1966. Biosynthesis of skimmianine. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 14, 1108-1112.
53. Mehmood, F., Qasim, M., Khan, Z., Iqbal, N., Mehmood, S., Lateef, M., Shahzadi, P., 2011. In vitro evaluation of anthelmintic activity of essential oils from different parts of Skimmia laureola (DC.) Zucc. ex Walp. Ver. Nair. Pak. J. Bot. 43, 2915-2918.
54. Mehmood, F., Manzoor, F., Khan, Z., Ali, M. I., Khan, I., Rahim, S. M. A., 2012. Evaluation of toxicity and repellency of essential oils of family Rutaceae against black ants (Lasius Niger) in Pakistan. Asian J. Chem. 24, 3087-3090.
55. Nadkarni, K. M., 1976. The Indian Materia Medica 1. In: Nadkarni, A. K. (Ed.) Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 1142.
56. Naveed, M., Barkatullah, Ibrar, M., Khan, H., Saeed, M., Khan, A. Z., Kaleem, W. A., 2013. In vivo screening of essential oils of Skimmia laureola leaves for antinociceptive and antipyretic activity. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 3, 202-206.
57. Negi, V., Ikram, S., Maikhuri, R. K., Vashishtha, D. P., 2011. Traditional health care practices among the villages of the Rawain valley, Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand, India. Ind. J. Trad. Knowl. 10, 533-537.
58. Negi, D. S., Kumar, A., Negi, N., Tamta, M. L., 2012. Himalayan plant species as pesticidal agents. Mini Rev. Org. Chem. 9, 143-150.
59. Ochi, M., Tatsukawa, A., Seki, N., Kotsuki, H., Shibata, K., 1988. Skimmiarepin A and B, 2 new insect growth inhibitory triterpenoids from Skimmia japonica Thunb. var. intermedia Komatsu form. repens (Nakai) Hara. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 61, 3225-3229.
60. Ohta, T., 1953. Fluroquinolines. I. Catalytic reduction of dictamnine and skimmianine. Yakugaku Zasshi 73, 63-66.
61. Ohta, T., Miyazaki, T., 1956. Yakugaku Zasshi 76, 463-464.
62. Ono, H., Kuwahara, Y., Nishida, R., 2004. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives in a nonhost rutaceous plant, Orixa japonica, deter both oviposition and larval feeding in a Rutaceae-feeding swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus L. J. Chem. Ecol. 30, 287-301.
63. Parvez, M., Gul, W., Yousaf, M., Choudhary, M. I., Atta-Ur-Rahman, Riaz, M., 1999. Taraxerone. Acta Cryst. C 55, 213-215.
64. Pasha, F., Bhatty, M. K., Khan, S. A., 1966. Chemical investigations on Skimmia laureola seeds. Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 9, 214-216.
65. Pathak, H. D., Pant, J. N., 1972. Chemical examination of Skimmia laureola. Indian Perf. 16, 45-51.
66. Plouvier, V., 1949. Nouvelles recherches sur le québrachitol des Sapindacées et Hìppocastanacées, le dulcitol des Célastracées et le saccharose de quelques autres familles. Compt. Rend. 22, 1886-1888.
67. Plouvier, V., 1966. Recherche d'hétérosides flavoniques: lutéoline-7-glucoside, diosmine, hespéridine. Compt. Rend. 263, 439-442.
68. Prakash, O., Gondwal, M., Pant, A. K., 2011. Essential oils composition and antioxidant activity of water extract from seeds and fruit pulp of Skimmia anquetilia N. P. Taylor & Airy Shaw. Ind. J. Nat. Prod. Res. 2, 435-441.
69. Qiao, Z., 2010. Medicine for treating rheumatism and paralysis, comprises scorpion, seed of Job's tears, leatherleaf millettia, radix sileris, Angelica polyclada, musk, licorice, Angelica, yellow pepper and radix gentianae macrophyllae. Patent Numbers: CN101623460-A; CN101623460-B; Patent Name: QIAO Z; 2010-A99071 [57].
70. Qureshi, R. A., Ghufran, M. A., Gilani, S. A., Yousaf, Z., Abbas, G., Batool, A., 2009. Indigenous medicinal plants used by local women in southern Himalayan regions of Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot. 41, 19-25.
71. Rana, T. S., Datt, B., Rao, P. R., 2004. Soor: a traditional alcoholic beverage in Tone valley, Garhwal, Himalaya. Ind. J. Trad. Knowl. 3, 59-65.
72. Razdan, T. K., Koul, G. L., Kachroo, V., 1980. Colorimetric analysis of the constituents of essential oils - (1°). Riv. It. Ess. 62, 65-68.
73. Reisch, J., Achenbach, S. H., 1989. Die Wurzelcumarine von Skimmia japonica 'oblata' Thunb. Pharmazie 44, 650.
74. Reisch, J., Achenbach, S. H., 1991. Comparative study of the content of male and female Skimmia japonica subsp. japonica. Pharmazie 46, 548.
75. Reisch, J., Achenbach, S. H., 1992a. Untersuchungen über die Inhaltsstoffe der diözischen Skimmia japonica subsp. japonica [Chemical constituents of the dioecious Skimmia japonica subsp. japonica]. Pharmazie 47, 933-935.
76. Reisch, J., Achenbach, S. H., 1992b. A furanocoumarin glucoside from stem bark of Skimmia japonica. Phytochemistry 31, 4376-4377.
77. Saksena, N. K., Saksena, S., 1984. Enhancement in the antifungal activity of some essential oils in combination against some dermatophytes. Indian Perf. 28, 42-45.
78. Salvo, G., Bacchetta, G., Ghahremaninejad, F., Conti, E., 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of Ruteae (Rutaceae): new evidence from the chloroplast genome and comparisons with non-molecular data. Phytochemistry 49, 736-748.
79. Sarin, Y. K., 1977. Skimmia leaf: a potent source of essential oil from hill areas of Uttar Pradesh [India]. Adv. Essent. Oil Ind (Proc. Symp. Dev. Essent. Oil Uttar Pradesh), 95-100.
80. Sato, T., Ohta, M., 1956. Synthetic studies of dictamnine, an alkaloid of Skimmia repens Nakai. I. The synthesis of dictamnal. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 29, 817-821.
81. Sato, T., Ohta, M., 1957. Synthetic studies of dictamnine, an alkaloid of Skimmia repens Nakai. II. The synthesis of dictamnine. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 30, 708-711.
82. Shah, W. A., Qurishi, M. A., Thappa, R. K., Dhar, K., 2003. Seasonal variation in the essential oil composition of Skimmia laureola. Indian Perf. 47, 265-268.
83. Shah, W. A., Dar, M. Y., Kuratull-Ain, R., Manzoor, A., Qurishi, M. A., 2012. Comparison of terpene composition of Skimmia laureola using hydrodistillation and HS-SPME techniques. J. Essent. Oil Bearing Plants 15, 116-121.
84. Shah, WA, Dar, M. Y., Zagar, M. I., Agnihotri, V. K., Qurishi, MA, Singh, B., 2013. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the leaf essential oil of Skimmia laureola growing wild inJammu and Kashmir, India. Nat. Prod. Res. 27, 1023-1027.
85. Sharma, M. L., Nigam, M. C., Handa, K. L., Rao, P. R., 1966. Chemical and gas chromatographic investigation on linalool and linalyl acetate bearing plants in India. Indian Oil Soap J. 31, 303-307.
86. Sharma, R. K., Negi, D. S., Gibbons, S., Otsuka, H., 2008a. Chemical and antibacterial constituents of Skimmia anquetelia. Planta Med. 74, 175-177.
87. Sharma, R. K., Negi, P., Negi, N., Negi, D. S., Otsuka, H., 2008b. New coumarin from Skimmia anquetelia. J. Ind. Chem. Soc. 85, 1055-1056.
88. Simonses, J. L., 1921. Essential oil from the leaves of Skimmia laureola. J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 40, 126-127.
89. Simpson, B. S., 2013. Dioecy in plants - is it an important factor for phytochemists to consider? Planta Med. 70, 613-615.
90. Singh, G., Rawat, G. S., 2011. Ethnomedicinal survey of Kedarnath wildlife sanctuary in Western Himalaya. Indian J. Fundam. Appl. Life Sci. 1, 35-46.
91. Sood, S., Gupta, B. D., Banerjee, S. K., 1978. Constituents of Skimmia laureola. Planta Med. 34, 338-339.
92. Späth, E., Neufeld, O., 1938a. Natural coumarins XXXVI. Occurrence of seselin in Japanese Skimmia species. Chem. Ber. 71, 353-356.
93. Späth, E., Neufeld, O., 1938b. Natural coumarins. XXXVII. Skimmin. Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 57, 535-540.
94. Stevens, P. F., 2014. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 12, July 2012 (continuously updated since) (accessed 27.04.14).
95. Sultana, N., 2013. Medicinal properties and biosynthetic studies on indigenous medicinal plant Skimmia laureola. Crit. Rev. Pharm. Sci. 2, 13-42.
96. Sultana, N., Afza, N., Atta-ur-Rahman, 2004. Coumarin and quinoline alkaloids from Skimmia laureola. Sci. Int. 16, 271-274.
97. Sultana, N., Atta-ur-Rahman, Khan, T. H., 2005. Tyrosinase inhibitor fatty ester and a quinoline alkaloid from Skimmia laureola. Z. Naturforsch. 60 b, 1186-1191.
98. Sultana, N., Choudhary, M. I., Akhter, F., 2007. X-ray diffraction studies on inhibitor of platelet aggregation dictamnine. J. Chem. Soc. Pak. 29, 194-197.
99. Sultana, N., Atta-ur-Rahman, Asaad, K., 2008. A new fatty ester and a new triterpene from Skimmia laureola. Nat. Prod. Res. 22, 37-47.
100. Takeda, K., 1941. Triterpenoid der japanischen Skimmia-Arten, I. Über Skimmiol und Skimmion. Yakugaku Zasshi 61, 117-123.
101. Takeda, K., 1942. Triterpenoids of Skimmia japonica. III. Oxides of the skimmol series and their derivatives. Yakugaku Zasshi 62, 390-395.
102. Takeda, K., 1943a. Triterpenoid in Skimmia species. V. Relation between skimmiol and β-amarin. Yakugaku Zasshi 63, 197-204.
103. Takeda, K., 1943b. Triterpenoid in Skimmia species. IV. Cleavage of skimmiol. Yakugaku Zasshi 63, 193-197.
104. Takeda, K., Yoshiki, S., 1941. Triterpenoid of Japanese Skimmia species. II. Dehydrogenation of skimmiol by selenium. Yakugaku Zasshi 61, 506-510.
105. Talapatra, B., Basak, A., Talapatra, S. K., 1983. Coumarins and other constituents of Skimmia malanocarpa: conversion of (+)-ulopterol to a natural coumarin, 6-(2'-oxo-3'-methyl) butyl-7-methoxycoumarin and to 6-(2', 3'-dibromo-3'-methyl) butyl-7-hydroxycoumarin. Indian J. Chem. B 22, 465-467.
106. Tanaka, H., Ahn, J. W., Katayama, M., Wada, K., Marumo, S., Osaka, Y., 1985. Isolation of two ovicidal substances against two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, from Skimmia repens Nakai. Agric. Biol. Chem. 49, 2189-2190.
107. Taylor, N. P., 1987. A revision of the genus Skimmia (Rutaceae). Kew Mag. 4, 168-194.
108. The Plant List, 2014. Skimmia. www.theplantlist.org (accessed 15.01.14).
109. Tomita, M., Ishii, H., 1958. Studies on the alkaloids of rutaceous plants. III. Alkaloids of Skimmia japonica Thunb. var. intermedia Komatsu form. repens Hara. Yakugaku Zasshi 78, 1180-1183.
110. Tunidis, R., Loizzo, M. R., Menichini, F., 2014. An overview on chemical aspects and potential health benefits of limonoids and their derivatives. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 54, 225-250.
111. Waseem, M., Shah, M. A. U., Qureshi, R. A., Muhammad, I., Afza, R., Yousaf, S., 2006. Ethnopharmacological survey of plants used for the treatment of stomach, diabetes, and ophthalmic diseases in Sudhan Gali, Kashmir, Pakistan. Acta Bot. Yunnanica 28, 535-542.
112. Waterman, P. G., 1990. Chemosystematics of the Rutaceae: comments on the interpretation of da Silva & al. Plant Syst. Evol. 173, 39-48.
113. Weinstein, B., Craig, A. R., 1971. Alkaloids and coumarins in the leaves of Skimmia foremanii. Phytochemistry 10, 2556.
114. Wienhaus, H., Rajdhan, T. C., 1936. Chemistry of essential oils. I. Investigation of the oil of Skimmia laureola. J. Prakt. Chem. 147, 113-123.
115. Wu, T. S., 1987. Alkaloids and coumarins from Skimmia reevesiana. Phytochemistry 26, 873-875.
116. Xiao, Y., 2013. Traditional Chinese medicine useful for preparing wine useful e.g. dispelling wind and dampness, contains safflower, Chinese Angelica, Achyranthes bidentata, scorpion, sappanwood, herba lycopi, and rhizome drynariae. Patent Number: CN102949505-A; Patent Assignee Name and Code: XIAO Y (XIAO-Individual); 2013-J48057 [49].
117. Xu, J., He, Z., Li, X., Fang, M., Mag, G., 2010. Drug useful for preventing bleeding, inflammation, gastrorrhagia, gastric ulcer and chronic gastritis, comprises Skimmia laureola and Marsdenia longipes. Patent Numbers: CN101856410-A; CN101856410-B; Patent Assignee Names and Codes: Xingping Yi DAI Autonomous County Nationality Pharm Res Commi (XINP-Non-standard) XINPING YI DAI Autonomous County (XINP-Non-standard); 2010-P17407 [44].
118. Yajima, T., Kato, N., Munakata, K., 1977. Isolation of insect anti-feeding principles in Orixa japonica Thunb. Agric. Biol. Chem. 41, 1263-1268.
119. Zhang, S., 2011. Massaging liquid used e.g. for treating neck pain, includes safflower, Eucommia bark, suberect Spatholobus stem, pine nodular branch, Morinda officinalis, Gastrodia elata, Skimmia, Rhizoma cibotii, Ranunculus ternatus, and herba Cistanche. Patent Number: CN102198229-A; Patent Assignee Name and Code: Shenzhen Jiuentang Sci & Technology Co (SHEN-Non-standard); 2011-N80644 [08].
120. Zhang, H. J., Gao, X. F., Zhang, M. Z., 1995. O-Methyllaureolol from Skimmia laureola. Chin. Chem. Lett. 6, 873-874.
121. Zhang, H. J., Zhang, M. Z., Gao, X. F., 1997. Structure determination of O-methyllaureolol from Skimmia laureola ssp. multinervia by 2D HMQC and HMBC techniques. Magn. Res. Chem. 35, 410-413.
122. Zhao, C., Cheng, Li., Zhou, X., Yuan, M., Chen, H., 2009. Analysis of volatile components in Orixa japonica by SPME/GC/MS. Jingxi Huagong 26, 21-23.
123. Zuo, G. Y., Zhang, X. J., Yang, C.-X., Han, J., Wang, J. H., Wang, G. C., Bian, Z. Q., 2012. Evaluation of traditional Chinese medicinal plants for anti-MRSA activity with reference to the treatment record of infectious diseases. Molecules 17, 2955-2967.