Timing of Death in Children Referred for Intensive Care with Severe Sepsis: Implications for Interventional Studies

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine

Volumn 16, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 410-417

  Cvetkovic, Mirjana ^a   Lutman, Daniel ^a   Ramnarayan, Padmanabhan ^a,b   Pathan, Nazima ^c   Inwald, David P ^a,b   Peters, Mark J ^a,d  

^a GREAT ORMOND STREET HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE HEALTHCARE NHS TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^c ADDENBROOKE S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

management; meningococcal sepsis; pediatric sepsis; prehospital sepsis; septic shock

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHILD; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEATH; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; INFANT; INTENSIVE CARE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT REFERRAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEPSIS; SURVIVAL RATE; ADOLESCENT; AGE; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; MICROBIOLOGY; MORTALITY; PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SEPTIC SHOCK; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SEX DIFFERENCE; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; TIME FACTOR;

ADOLESCENT; AGE FACTORS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COMORBIDITY; FEMALE; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; HUMANS; INFANT; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS, PEDIATRIC; MALE; REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION; SEPSIS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SEX FACTORS; SHOCK, SEPTIC; SURVIVAL RATE; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 84934946519     PISSN: 15297535     EISSN: 19473893     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000000385     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Watson RS, Carcillo JA, Linde-Zwirble WT, The epidemiology of severe sepsis in children in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003 167 695 701
2. Bryce J, Boschi-Pinto C, Shibuya K, WHO Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group WHO estimates of the causes of death in children. Lancet 2005 365 1147 1152
3. Draper E, Fleming T, McKinney P, Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network National Report 2004-2005 2006 Leicester and Sheffield, UK Universities of Leeds. Available at: http://www.picanet.org.uk/Audit/Annual-Reporting/Annual-Report-Archive/PICANet-National-Report-2007.pdf. Accessed May 21, 2013
4. Wolfler A, Silvani P, Musicco M, Italian Pediatric Sepsis Study (SISPe) group Incidence of and mortality due to sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock in Italian pediatric intensive care units: A prospective national survey. Intensive Care Med 2008 34 1690 1697
5. Pollard AJ, Britto J, Nadel S, Emergency management of meningococcal disease. Arch Dis Child 1999 80 290 296
6. Kutko MC, Calarco MP, Ushay M, Mortality of pediatric septic shock may be less than previously reported. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2000 28 212
7. Tibby SM, Murdoch IA, Durward A, Mortality in meningococcal disease: Please report the figures accurately. Arch Dis Child 2002 87 559; author reply 560
8. Dombrovskiy VY, Martin AA, Sunderram J, Rapid increase in hospitalization and mortality rates for severe sepsis in the United States: A trend analysis from 1993 to 2003. Crit Care Med 2007 35 1444 1450
9. Inwald DP, Tasker RC, Peters MJ, Paediatric Intensive Care Society Study Group (PICS-SG) Emergency management of children with severe sepsis in the United Kingdom: The results of the Paediatric Intensive Care Society sepsis audit. Arch Dis Child 2009 94 348 353
10. Leclerc F, Leteurtre S, Duhamel A, Cumulative influence of organ dysfunctions and septic state on mortality of critically ill children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005 171 348 353
11. Han YY, Carcillo JA, Dragotta MA, Early reversal of pediatric-neonatal septic shock by community physicians is associated with improved outcome. Pediatrics 2003 112 793 799
12. Watson RS, Carcillo JA, Scope and epidemiology of pediatric sepsis. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2005 6 S3 S5
13. Booy R, Habibi P, Nadel S, Meningococcal Research Group Reduction in case fatality rate from meningococcal disease associated with improved healthcare delivery. Arch Dis Child 2001 85 386 390
14. Children's Acute Transport Service: CATS Annual Report 2012/2013. Available at: http://site.cats.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/cats-annual-reportvers2.4.pdf. Accessed May 21, 2013
15. PICANet PICANet-Paediatric Epidemiology Group, Universities of Leeds and Leicester. Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network Annual Report 2010-2012. Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics The Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics (2013). Available at: http://www.hqip.org.uk/assets/NCAPOP-Library/NCAPOP-2013-14/PICANet-Annual-Report-2013-Summary.pdf. Accessed May 21, 2013
16. Nadel S, Goldstein B, Williams MD, REsearching severe Sepsis and Organ dysfunction in children: A gLobal perspective (RESOLVE) study group Drotrecogin alfa (activated) in children with severe sepsis: A multicentre phase III randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007 369 836 843
17. Tai D, Dick P, To T, Development of pediatric comorbidity prediction model. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006 160 293 299
18. Ramnarayan P, Craig F, Petros A, Characteristics of deaths occurring in hospitalised children: Changing trends. J Med Ethics 2007 33 255 260
19. Moore P, Kerridge I, Gillis J, Withdrawal and limitation of life-sustaining treatments in a paediatric intensive care unit and review of the literature. J Paediatr Child Health 2008 44 404 408
20. Deep A, Goonasekera CD, Wang Y, Evolution of haemodynamics and outcome of fluid-refractory septic shock in children. Intensive Care Med 2013 39 1602 1609
21. Brierley J, Peters MJ, Distinct hemodynamic patterns of septic shock at presentation to pediatric intensive care. Pediatrics 2008 122 752 759
22. Launay E, Gras-Le Guen C, Martinot A, Suboptimal care in the initial management of children who died from severe bacterial infection: A population-based confidential inquiry. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2010 11 469 474
23. Ninis N, Phillips C, Bailey L, The role of healthcare delivery in the outcome of meningococcal disease in children: Case-control study of fatal and non-fatal cases. BMJ 2005 330 1475
24. Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network Annual Report 2010-2012: Universities of Leeds and Leicester. Available at: http://www.hqip.org.uk/assets/NCAPOP-Library/NCAPOP-2013-14/PICANet-Annual-Report-2013-Summary.pdf. Accessed January 16, 2014
25. de Oliveira CF, de Oliveira DS, Gottschald AF, ACCM/PALS haemodynamic support guidelines for paediatric septic shock: An outcomes comparison with and without monitoring central venous oxygen saturation. Intensive Care Med 2008 34 1065 1075
26. Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines Committee including The Pediatric Subgroup Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock, 2012. Intensive Care Med 2013 39 165 228
27. Peters MJ, Brierley J, Back to basics in septic shock. Intensive Care Med 2008 34 991 993
28. Levin M, Quint PA, Goldstein B, Recombinant bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI21) as adjunctive treatment for children with severe meningococcal sepsis: A randomised trial. rBPI21 Meningococcal Sepsis Study Group. Lancet 2000 356 961 967
29. Brady AR, Harrison D, Black S, UK PICOS Study Group Assessment and optimization of mortality prediction tools for admissions to pediatric intensive care in the United Kingdom. Pediatrics 2006 117 e733 e742
30. Jat KR, Jhamb U, Gupta VK, Serum lactate levels as the predictor of outcome in pediatric septic shock. Indian J Crit Care Med 2011 15 102 107
31. Hartman ME, Linde-Zwirble WT, Angus DC, Trends in the epidemiology of pediatric severe sepsis. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2013 14 686 693
32. Stoll BJ, Holman RC, Shuchat A, Decline in sepsis-associated neonatal and infant deaths 1974-1994. Pediatrics 1998 102 18
33. Sands KE, Bates DW, Lanken PN, Academic Medical Center Consortium Sepsis Project Working Group Epidemiology of sepsis syndrome in 8 academic medical centers. JAMA 1997 278 234 240
34. DuPont HL, Spink WW, Infections due to Gram-negative organisms: An analysis of 860 patients with bacteremia at the University of Minnesota Medical Center, 1958-1966. Medicine (Baltimore) 1969 48 307 332
35. Pollack MM, Fields AI, Ruttimann UE, Distributions of cardiopulmonary variables in pediatric survivors and nonsurvivors of septic shock. Crit Care Med 1985 13 454 459
36. Carcillo JA, Davis AL, Zaritsky A, Role of early fluid resuscitation in pediatric septic shock. JAMA 1991 266 1242 1245
37. Paul R, Melendez E, Stack A, Improving adherence to PALS septic shock guidelines. Pediatrics 2014 133 e1358 e1366
38. ProCESS Investigators Yealy DM, Kellum JA, Huang DT, ProCESS Investigators A randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock. N Engl J Med 2014 370 1683 1693
39. Maitland K, George EC, Evans JA, FEAST trial group Exploring mechanisms of excess mortality with early fluid resuscitation: Insights from the FEAST trial. BMC Med 2013 11 68