An assessment of methods for computing radiative forcing in climate models

Environmental Research Letters

Volumn 10, Issue 7, 2015, Pages

  Chung, Eui Seok ^a   Soden, Brian J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

Author keywords

climate models; model spread; radiative forcing; radiative kernel method; radiative transfer; rapid adjustment

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; RADIATIVE TRANSFER;

CLIMATE MODEL SIMULATIONS; CLIMATE VARIABLES; KERNEL METHODS; MODEL EXPERIMENTS; RADIATIVE FORCINGS; RADIATIVE IMPACTS; RADIATIVE TRANSFER CALCULATIONS; RAPID ADJUSTMENT;

CLIMATE MODELS;

ASSESSMENT METHOD; CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATE MODELING; RADIATIVE FORCING; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE INTERACTION;

EID: 84934326510     PISSN: 17489318     EISSN: 17489326     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/7/074004     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Albrecht B A 1989 Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness Science 245 1227-30
2. Andrews T and Forster P M 2008 CO2 forcing induces semi-direct effects with consequences for climate feedback interpretations Geophys. Res. Lett. 35 L04802
3. Andrews T, Forster P M and Gregory J M 2009 A surface energy perspective on climate change J. Clim. 22 2557-70
4. Andrews T, Gregory J M, Webb M J and Taylor K E 2012 Forcing, feedbacks and climate sensitivity in CMIP5 coupled atmosphere-ocean climate models Geophys. Res. Lett. 39 L09712
5. Bala G, Caldeira K and Nemani R 2010 Fast versus slow response in climate change: implications for the global hydrological cycle Clim. Dyn. 35 423-34
6. Block K and Mauritsen T 2013 Forcing and feedback in the MPI-ESM-LR coupled model under abruptly quadrupled CO2 J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 5 676-91
7. Chung E-S and Soden B J 2015 An assessment of direct radiative forcing, radiative adjustments, and radiative feedbacks in coupled ocean-atmosphere models J. Clim. 28 4152-70
8. Chung E-S, Soden B, Sohn B J and Shi L 2014 Upper-tropospheric moistening in response to anthropogenic warming Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111 11636-41
9. Collins W D et al 2006 Radiative forcing by well-mixed greenhouse gases: estimates from climate models in the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) fourth assessment report (AR4) J. Geophys. Res. 111 D14317
10. Colman R A and McAvaney B J 2011 On tropospheric adjustment to forcing and climate feedbacks Clim. Dyn. 36 1649-58
11. Dessler A E 2013 Observations of climate feedbacks over 2000-10 and comparisons to climate models J. Clim. 26 333-42
12. Forster P M et al 2011 Evaluation of radiation scheme performance within chemistry climate models J. Geophys. Res. 116 D10302
13. Forster P M et al 2013 Evaluating adjusted forcing and model spread for historical and future scenarios in the CMIP5 generation of climate models J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 118 1139-50
14. Gregory J and Webb M 2008 Tropospheric adjustment induces a cloud component in CO2 forcing J. Clim. 21 58-71
15. Gregory J M et al 2004 A new method for diagnosing radiative forcing and climate sensitivity Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 L03205
16. Hansen J, Johnson D, Lacis A, Lebedeff S, Lee P, Rind D and Russell G 1981 Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide Science 213 957-66
17. Hansen J, Sato M and Ruedy R 1997 Radiative forcing and climate response J. Geophys. Res. 102 6831-64
18. Hansen J et al 2005 Efficacy of climate forcings J. Geophys. Res. 110 D18104
19. Held I M, Winton M, Takahashi K, Delworth T, Zeng F and Vallis G K 2010 Probing the fast and slow components of global warming by returning abruptly to preindustrial forcing J. Clim. 23 2418-27
20. Iacono M J, Delamere J S, Mlawer E J, Shephard M W, Clough S A and Collins W D 2008 Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: calculations with the AER radiative transfer models J. Geophys. Res. 113 D13103
21. Manabe S and Wetherald R T 1967 Thermal equilibrium of the atmosphere with a given distribution of relative humidity J. Atmos. Sci. 24 241-59
22. Myhre G and Stordal F 1997 Role of spatial and temporal variations in the computation of radiative forcing and GWP J. Geophys. Res. 102 11181-200
23. Penner J E, Dickinson R E and O'Neill C A 1992 Effects of aerosol from biomass burning on the global radiation budget Science 256 1432-4
24. Ringer M A, Andrews T and Webb M J 2014 Global-mean radiative feedbacks and forcing in atmosphere-only and coupled atmosphere-ocean climate change experiments Geophys. Res. Lett. 41 4035-42
25. Shell K M, Kiehl J T and Shields C A 2008 Using the radiative kernel technique to calculate climate feedbacks in NCAR's community atmospheric model J. Clim. 21 2269-82
26. Sherwood S C, Bony S, Boucher O, Bretherton C, Forster P M, Gregory J M and Stevens B 2015 Adjustments in the forcing-feedback framework for understanding climate change Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 96 217-28
27. Soden B J et al 2008 Quantifying climate feedbacks using radiative kernels J. Clim. 21 3504-20
28. Soden B J and Held I M 2006 An assessment of climate feedbacks in coupled ocean-atmosphere models J. Clim. 19 3354-60
29. Soden B J and Vecchi G A 2011 The vertical distribution of cloud feedback in coupled ocean-atmosphere models Geophys. Res. Lett. 38 L12704
30. Taylor K E, Stouffer R J and Meehl G A 2012 An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 93 485-98
31. Vial J, Dufresne J-L and Bony S 2013 On the interpretation of inter-model spread in CMIP5 climate sensitivity estimates Clim. Dyn. 41 3339-62
32. Zelinka M D et al 2013 Contributions of different cloud types to feedbacks and rapid adjustments in CMIP5 J. Clim. 26 5007-27
33. Zelinka M D, Andrews T, Forster P M and Taylor K E 2014 Quantifying components of aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions in climate models J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 119 7599-615