Interventions for helping to turn term breech babies to head first presentation when using external cephalic version

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn 2015, Issue 2, 2015, Pages

  Cluver, Catherine ^a   Gyte, Gillian M L ^b   Sinclair, Marlene ^c   Dowswell, Therese ^b   Hofmeyr, G Justus ^d  

^a STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALGESIC AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; NITRIC OXIDE DONOR; UTERUS SPASMOLYTIC AGENT; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE;

ANALGESIA; BRADYCARDIA; BREECH PRESENTATION; CESAREAN SECTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG USE; EXTERNAL CEPHALIC VERSION; FETUS DISEASE; GEL; HEADACHE; HUMAN; INTERVENTION STUDY; META ANALYSIS; MORBIDITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PERINATAL MORBIDITY; PERINATAL MORTALITY; POWDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; VAGINAL DELIVERY; DELIVERY; FEMALE; OBSTETRIC ANALGESIA; PREGNANCY; PROCEDURES; THERAPEUTIC USE; TOCOLYSIS; VIBRATION;

ANALGESIA, OBSTETRICAL; BREECH PRESENTATION; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; DELIVERY, OBSTETRIC; FEMALE; HUMANS; NITROGLYCERIN; PREGNANCY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; TOCOLYSIS; TOCOLYTIC AGENTS; VERSION, FETAL; VIBRATION;

EID: 84934294168     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1469493X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000184.pub4     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. Bujold E, Boucher M, Rinfret D, Berman S, Ferreira E, Marquette GP. Sublingual nitroglycerin versus placebo as a tocolytic for external cephalic version: a randomized controlled trial in parous women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2003;189:1070-3.
2. Bujold E, Boucher M, Rinfret D, Marquette G. Sublingual nitroglycerin versus placebo as a tocolytic for external cephalic version: a randomized controlled trial in parous women [abstract]. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2002;187(6 Pt 2):S103.
3. Bujold E, Marquette GP, Ferreira E, Gauthier RJ, Boucher M. Sublingual nitroglycerin versus intravenous ritodrine as tocolytic for external cephalic version: a double-blind randomized trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2003;188(6):1454-7; discussion 1457-9.
4. Chung T, Neale E, Lau TK, Rogers M. A randomized, double blind, controlled trial of tocolysis to assist external cephalic version in late pregnancy. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1996;75:720-4.
5. Neale EJ, Lau TK, Chung A, Cohn M, Baldwin S, Rogers M. A randomized double blind controlled trial of tocolysis to assist external cephalic version in late pregnancy. 27th British Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; 1995 July 4-7; Dublin, Ireland. 1995:76.
6. Collaris R, Tan PC. Oral nifedipine versus subcutaneous terbutaline tocolysis for external cephalic version: a double-blind randomised trial. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2009;116(1):74-81.
7. Delisle MF, Kamani A, Douglas J, Bebbington M. Antepartum external cephalic version under spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001;185(6 Suppl):S115.
8. Dugoff L, Jones OW, Stamm C, Mohling S, Hawkins J. A prospective, randomized trial evaluating the use of spinal anesthesia in external cephalic version. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1998;178(1):S71.
9. Dugoff L, Stamm CA, Jones OW, Mohling SI, Hawkins JL. The effect of spinal anesthesia on the success rate of external cephalic version: a randomized trial. Obstetrics & Gynecology 1999;93(3):345-9.
10. El-Sayed Y, Chitkara U, Reley ET, Cohen SE, Holbrook RH, Druzin M. Nitroglycerin versus terbutaline for external cephalic version. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1998;178(1):S71.
11. El-Sayed YY, Pullen K, Riley ET, Lyell D, Druzin ML, Cohen SE, et al. Randomized comparison of intravenous nitroglycerin and subcutaneous terbutaline for external cephalic version under tocolysis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;191:2051-5.
12. Fernandez CO, Bloom S, Wendel G. A prospective, randomized, blinded comparison of terbutaline versus placebo for singleton, term external cephalic version. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1996;174:326.
13. Fernandez CO, Bloom SL, Smulian JC, Ananth CV, Wendel GD Jr. A randomized placebo-controlled evaluation of terbutaline for external cephalic version. Obstetrics & Gynecology 1997;90(5):775-9.
14. Hilton J. Intravenous nitroglycerin for external cephalic versions trial (INVERT): a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. JOGC: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 2007;29(6 Suppl 1):S16.
15. Hilton J, Allan B, Swaby C, Wah R, Jarrell J, Wood S, et al. Intravenous nitroglycerin for external cephalic version: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2009;114(3):560-7.
16. Impey L, Pandit M. Tocolysis for repeat external cephalic version in breech presentation at term: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2005;112:627-31.
17. Johnson RL, Elliot JP. Fetal acoustic stimulation, an adjunct to external cephalic version: a blinded, randomized crossover study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1995;173:1369-72.
18. Kok M. Management of breech presentation: external cephalic version with tocolysis: a multicentre randomised controlled trial, 2005. Netherlands Trial Register (http://www.trialregister.nl ) (accessed 1 November 2005).
19. Kok M, Bais JM, Van Lith JM, Papatsonis DM, Kleiverda G, Hanny D, et al. Nifedipine as a uterine relaxant for external cephalic version: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2008;112(2 Pt 1):271-6.
20. Mancuso KM, Yancey MK, Murphy JA, Markenson GR. Epidural analgesia for cephalic version: a randomized trial. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2000;95(5):648-51.
21. Marquette GP, Boucher M, Theriault D, Rifret D. Does the use of a tocolytic agent affect the success rate of external cephalic version?. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1996;175:859-61.
22. Munoz H, Guerra S, Perez-Vaquero P, Valero C, Aizpuru F, Lopez-Picado A. Remifentanil versus placebo for analgesia during external cephalic version: a randomised clinical trial. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia 2014;23(1):52-7.
23. Valero CA. Remifentanil versus paracetamol for pain treatment external cephalic versions, 2010. ClinicalTrials.gov (http://clinicaltrials.gov/) (accessed 21 May 2013).
24. Nor Azlin MI, Haliza H, Mahdy ZA, Anson I, Fahya MN, Jamil MA. Tocolysis in term breech external cephalic version. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 2005;88:5-8.
25. Nor Azlin MI, Maryasalwati I, Norzilalwati MN, Zaleha AM, Mohammad AJ, Zainul RMR. Nifedipine versus terbutaline for tocolysis in external cephalic version. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 2008;102(3):263-6.
26. Reinhard J, Peiffer S, Reichenbach L, Tottel E, Reitter A, Sinanovic B, et al. The effects of clinical hypnosis versus neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) before external cephalic version (ECV) - a prospective off-centre randomised double blind controlled trial. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2012;286(Suppl 1):S213-S214.
27. Reinhard J, Peiffer S, Reichenbach L, Tottel E, Reitter A, Yuan J, et al. Clinical hypnosis before external cephalic version. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2012;286(Suppl 1):S215.
28. Reinhard J, Peiffer S, Snger N, Herrmann E, Yuan J, Louwen F. The effects of clinical hypnosis versus neurolinguistic programming (NLP) before external cephalic version (ECV): a prospective off-centre randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012;2012:Article ID 626740.
29. Reinhard J, Sanger N, Hanker L, Reichenbach L, Yuan J, Herrmann E, et al. Delivery mode and neonatal outcome after a trial of external cephalic version (ECV): a prospective trial of vaginal breech versus cephalic delivery. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2013;287(4):663-8.
30. Robertson AW, Kopelman JN, Read JA, Duff P, Magelssen DJ, Dashow EE. External cephalic version at term: is a tocolytic necessary?. Obstetrics & Gynecology 1987;70:896-9.
31. Schorr SJ, Speights SE, Ross EL, Bofill JA, Rust OA, Norman PF, et al. A randomized trial of epidural anesthesia to improve external cephalic version success. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1997;177(5):1133-7.
32. Stock A, Chung T, Rogers M, Ming WW. Comparison of placebo, ritodrine and hexoprenaline for external cephalic version at term. Proceedings of 2nd International Scientific Meeting of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; 1993 Sept 7-10; Hong Kong. 1993:141.
33. Stock A, Chung T, Rogers M, Ming WW. Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled comparison of ritodrine and hexoprenaline for tocolysis prior to external cephalic version at term. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1993;3:265-8.
34. Bauchat JR, Grobman WA, Sullivan JT, McCarthy RJ, Fitzgerald PC, Wong CA. Effect of combined spinal-epidural analgesia versus systemic opioid analgesia on fetal heart rate for external cephalic version. Anesthesiology 2007;106(Suppl 1):17.
35. Sullivan JT, Bauchat JR, Grobman WA, McCarthy RJ, Wong CA. Impact of CSE versus systemic opioid on fetal heart rate pattern during external cephalic version. Anesthesiology 2007;107:Abstract no: A772.
36. Sullivan JT, Grobman WA, Bauchat JR, Scavone BM, Grouper S, McCarthy RJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of combined spinal-epidural analgesia on the success of external cephalic version for breech presentation. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia 2009;18(4):328-34.
37. Sullivan JT, Patel R, Robles C, Grouper S, Wong CA. The impact of combined spinal-epidural analgesia on success of external cephalic version. Anesthesiology 2006;105:A917.
38. Sullivan JT, Scavone BM, Grouper S, Patel R, Robles C, McCarthy RJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of the impact of combined spinal-epidural analgesia on the success of external cephalic version for breech presentation. Anesthesiology 2006;104(Suppl 1):10.
39. Tan GWT, Jen SW, Tan SL, Salmon YM. A prospective randomised controlled trial of external cephalic version comparing two methods of uterine tocolysis with a non-tocolysis group. Singapore Medical Journal 1989;30:155-8.
40. Vallikkannu N, Nadzratulaiman WN, Omar SZ, Si Lay K, Tan PC. Talcum powder or aqueous gel to aid external cephalic version: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2014;14(1):49.
41. Vani S, Lau SY, Lim BK, Omar SZ, Tan PC. Intravenous salbutamol for external cephalic version. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 2009;104(1):28-31.
42. Weiniger CF. Spinal analgesia versus no analgesia: study for external cephalic version (ongoing trial), 2006. ClinicalTrials.gov (http://clinicaltrials.gov/) (accessed 21 March 2006).
43. Weiniger CF, Ginosar Y, Elchalal U, Sharon E, Nokrian M, Ezra Y. External cephalic version for breech presentation with or without spinal analgesia in nulliparous women at term: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2007;110(6):1343-50.
44. Weiniger CF, Ginosaur Y, Elchalal U, Einav S, Nucrietin M, Guage P, et al. Prospective randomised study of external cephalic version for breech presentation at term in nulliparous women: spinal analgesia versus no analgesia. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia 2007;16(Suppl 1):S21.
45. Weiniger C, Ginosar Y, Sela H, Elchalal U, Weissman C, Ezra Y. External cephalic version at term in multiparous women with or without spinal analgesia: randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2008;199(6 Suppl 1):S34.
46. Weiniger CF, Ginosar Y, Elchalal U, Sela HY, Weissman C, Ezra Y. Randomized controlled trial of external cephalic version in term multiparae with or without spinal analgesia. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2010;104(5):613-8.
47. Yanny H, Johanson R, Baldwin K, Lucking L, Fitzpatrick R, Jones P. Double-blind randomised controlled trial of glyceryl trinitrate spray for external cephalic version. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2000;107:562-4.
48. Dockeray CJ, Gleeson RP. An evaluation of perinatal outcome following external cephalic version under general anaesthesia. Irish Journal of Medical Science 1984; Vol. 153:325.
49. Guittier MJ, Guillemin F, Farinelli EB, Irion O, Boulvain M, de Tejada BM. Hypnosis for the control of pain associated with external cephalic version: a comparative study. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine 2013;19(10):820-6.
50. Wallace RL, Van Dorsten JP, Eglinton GS. External cephalic version with tocolysis. Observations and continuing experience at the Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center. Journal of Reproductive Medicine 1984;29:745-8.
51. Andarsio F, Feng TI. External cephalic version: nitroglycerin versus terbutaline. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2000;182(1 Pt 2):S161.
52. Hollard A, Lyons C, Rumney P, Hunter M, Reed E, Nageotte M. The effect of intrathecal anesthesia on the success of external cephalic version (ECV). American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2003;189(6):S140.
53. Tan PC. A double-blind randomised trial of 250 μg versus 500 μg bolus dose of terbutaline as a tocolytic agent in external cephalic version, 2008. Current Controlled Trials (www.controlled-trials.com) (accessed 12 May 2010).
54. Burgos J. Open randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of remifentanil versus nitrous oxide in external cephalic version at term in singleton pregnancy in breech presentation (REMIVER), 2012. ClinicalTrials.gov (http://clinicaltrials.gov/) (accessed 21 May 2013).
55. Del-Rey L. Clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two drugs for pain relieve for pregnant women whose fetus is breech, to attempt to turn the baby, 2011. EU Clinical Trials Register (accessed 31 May 2013).
56. Passerini CG. Maternal oral hydration and external cephalic version, 2013. ClinicalTrials.gov (http://clinicaltrials.gov/) (accessed 5 February 2014).
57. Belfort MA. Intravenous nitroglycerin as a tocolytic agent for intrapartum external cephalic version. South African Medical Journal 1993;83:656.
58. Benifla JL, Goffinet F, Bascou V, Darai E, Proust A, Madelenat P. Transabdominal amnio-infusion facilitates external version maneuver after initial failure. Six successful attempts. Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 1995;24:319-22.
59. Bradley-Watson PJ. The decreasing value of external cephalic version in modern obstetric practice. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1975;123:237-40.
60. Bricker L, Lavender T. Parenteral opioids for labor pain relief: a systematic review. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2002;186(5 Suppl):S94-S109.
61. Brosset A. The value of prophylactic external version in cases of breech presentation. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1956;35:555-62.
62. Carlan SJ, Dent JM, Huckaby T, Whittington EC, Shaefer D. The effect of epidural anesthesia on safety and success of external cephalic version at term. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1994;79:525-8.
63. Coyle ME, Smith CA, Peat B. Cephalic version by moxibustion for breech presentation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 5. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003928.pub3]
64. Danielian PJ, Wang J, Hall MH. Long term outcome by method of delivery of fetuses in breech presentation at term: population based follow up. BMJ 1996;312:1451-3.
65. McMaster University. GRADEpro. [Computer program on www.gradepro.org]. 2014. McMaster University, 2014.
66. Hickok DE, Gordon DC, Milberg JA, Williams MA, Daling JR. The frequency of breech presentation by gestational age at birth: a large population-based study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1992;166(3):851-2.
67. Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. Available from The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. www.cochrane-handbook.org.
68. Hofmeyr GJ. Breech presentation and abnormal lie in late pregnancy. In: Chalmers I, Enkin MW, Keirse MJNC editor(s). Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989:653-65.
69. Hofmeyr GJ. External cephalic version at term: how high are the stakes?. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1991;98:1-3.
70. Hofmeyr GJ. Breech presentation and shoulder dystocia in childbirth. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 1992;4:807-12.
71. Hofmeyr GJ. External cephalic version at term. Fetal Maternal Medicine Review 1993;5:213-22.
72. Hofmeyr GJ, Kulier R. External cephalic version for breech presentation at term. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1996, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000083]
73. Hofmeyr GJ, Gülmezoglu AM. Maternal hydration for increasing amniotic fluid volume in oligohydramnios and normal amniotic fluid volume. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000134]
74. Hofmeyr GJ, Hannah ME. Planned caesarean section for term breech delivery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003, Issue 2. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000166]
75. Hofmeyr GJ, Kulier R. External cephalic version for breech presentation at term. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 10. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000083.pub2]
76. Hofmeyr GJ, Kulier R. Cephalic version by postural management for breech presentation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 10. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000051.pub2]
77. Hofmeyr GJ. External cephalic version. UpToDate, Waltham, Post TW (Ed), UptoDate, MA (Accessed October 2014).
78. Hutton EK, Hofmeyr GJ. External cephalic version for breech presentation before term. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000084.pub2]
79. Lau TK, Lo KW, Wan D, Rogers MS. Predictors of successful external cephalic version at term: a prospective study. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1997;104(7):798-802.
80. Neiger R, Hennessy M, Patel M. Reattempting failed external cephalic version under epidural anesthesia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1998;178(1):S71.
81. Neiger R, Hennessy MD, Patel M. Reattempting failed external cephalic version under epidural anesthesia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1998;179(5):1136-9.
82. Reddick LF, Livingston E, Bell E. Sublingual aerosol nitroglycerin for uterine relaxation in attempted external version. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1997;176:496-7.
83. The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). 5.3. Copenhagen, The Nordic Cochrane Centre: The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
84. Schunemann HJ. GRADE: from grading the evidence to developing recommendations. A description of the system and a proposal regarding the transferability of the results of clinical research to clinical practice [GRADE: Von der Evidenz zur Empfehlung. Beschreibung des Systems und Losungsbeitrag zur Ubertragbarkeit von Studienergebnissen]. Zeitschrift fur Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualitat im Gesundheitswesen 2009;103(6):391-400. [PUBMED: 19839216]
85. Smith P, Anthony J, Johanson R. Nifedipine in pregnancy. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2000;107(3):299-307.
86. Valero CA. Remifentanil versus paracetamol for pain treatment external cephalic versions, 2010. ClinicalTrials.gov (http://clinicaltrials.gov/) (accessed 21 May 2013).
87. Whyte H, Hannah ME, Saigal S, Hannah WJ, Hewson S, Amankwah K, et al. Outcomes of children at 2 years after planned cesarean birth versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: the International Randomized Term Breech Trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;191(3):864-71.
88. Zhang J, Bowes WA, Fortney JA. Efficacy of external cephalic version: a review. Obstetrics and Gynecology 1993;82:306-12.
89. Cluver CA, Hofmeyr GJ, Gyte GML, Sinclair M. Interventions for helping to turn term breech babies to head first presentation when using external cephalic version. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000184.pub3]
90. Hofmeyr GJ. Routine tocolysis for external cephalic version at term. [revised 04 October 1993]. In: Enkin MW, Keirse MJNC, Renfrew MJ, Neilson JP, Crowther C (eds.) Pregnancy and Childbirth Module. In: The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Database [database on disk and CDROM]. The Cochrane Collaboration; Issue 2, Oxford: Update Software; 1995.
91. Hofmeyr GJ, Gyte GML. Interventions to help external cephalic version for breech presentation at term. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000184.pub2]