Chronic fatigue syndrome: The current status and future potentials of emerging biomarkers

Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health and Behavior

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 93-109

  Fischer, David B ^a   William, Arsani H ^a   Strauss, Adam C ^a,b   Unger, Elizabeth R ^c   Jason, Leonard A ^d   Marshall Jr , Gailen D ^e   Dimitrakoff, Jordan D ^f,g  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b DARTMOUTH HITCHCOCK MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^d DEPAUL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^f MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^g JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

biomarkers; Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; immunology; neurology

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CD69 ANTIGEN; DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 10; LEUKOCYTE ELASTASE; LYSOZYME; NEOPTERIN; PRASTERONE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ARTICLE; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; HUMAN; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOLOGY; NEUROLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 84934293088     PISSN: 21641846     EISSN: 21641862     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/21641846.2014.906066     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Carruthers BM, van de Sande MI, De Meirleir KL, et al. Myalgic encephalomyelitis: International Consensus Criteria. J Intern Med. 2011 Oct;270(4):327-338. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02428.x
2. Fukuda K, Straus SE, Hickie I, Sharpe MC, Dobbins JG, Komaroff A. The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. International chronic fatigue syndrome study group. Ann Intern Med. 1994 Dec;121(12):953-959. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00009
3. Jason LA, Unger ER, Dimitrakoff JD, et al. Minimum data elements for research reports on CFS. Brain Behav Immun. 2012 Mar;26(3):401-406. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.01.014
4. Anderson VR, Jason LA, Hlavaty LE, Porter N, Cudia J. A review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies on myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Patient Educ Couns. 2012 Feb;86(2):147-155. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2011.04.016
5. White AT, Light AR, Hughen RW, Vanhaitsma TA, Light KC. Differences in metabolite-detecting, adrenergic, and immune gene expression after moderate exercise in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, patients with multiple sclerosis, and healthy controls. Psychosom Med. 2012 Jan;74(1):46-54. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31824152ed
6. Rajeevan MS, Smith AK, Dimulescu I, et al. Glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms and haplotypes associated with chronic fatigue syndrome. Genes Brain Behav. 2007 Mar;6(2):167-176. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00244.x
7. Smith AK, Fang H, Whistler T, Unger ER, Rajeevan MS. Convergent genomic studies identify association of GRIK2 and NPAS2 with chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuropsychobiology. 2011;64(4):183-194. doi: 10.1159/000326692
8. Brenu EW, van Driel ML, Staines DR, et al. Longitudinal investigation of natural killer cells and cytokines in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. J Transl Med. 2012 May;10(1):88-0. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-88
9. Fletcher MA, Rosenthal M, Antoni M, et al. Plasma neuropeptide Y: a biomarker for symptom severity in chronic fatigue syndrome. Behav Brain Funct. 2010;6:76. doi: 10.1186/1744-9081-6-76
10. Fletcher MA, Zeng XR, Barnes Z, Levis S, Klimas NG. Plasma cytokines in women with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Transl Med. 2009;7:96. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-7-96
11. Allsop SA, Erstad DJ, Brook K, Bhai SF, Cohen JM, Dimitrakoff JD. The DABBEC phenotyping system: towards a mechanistic understanding of CP/CPPS. Nat Rev Urol. 2011 Feb;8(2):107-113.
12. Komaroff AL, Cho TA. Role of infection and neurologic dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome. Semin Neurol. 2011 Jul;31(3):325-337. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1287654
13. Carlo-Stella N, Lorusso L, Candura SM, Cuccia M. Chronic fatigue syndrome: a review. Recenti Prog Med. Nov. 2004;95(11):546-552; quiz 560.
14. Lange G, DeLuca J, Maldjian JA, Lee H, Tiersky LA, Natelson BH. Brain MRI abnormalities exist in a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Neurol Sci. 1999 Dec;171(1):3-7. doi: 10.1016/S0022-510X(99)00243-9
15. Okada T, Tanaka M, Kuratsune H, Watanabe Y, Sadato N. Mechanisms underlying fatigue: a voxel-based morphometric study of chronic fatigue syndrome. BMC Neurol. 2004 Oct;4(1):14. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-4-14
16. Barnden LR, Crouch B, Kwiatek R, et al. A brain MRI study of chronic fatigue syndrome: evidence of brainstem dysfunction and altered homeostasis. NMR Biomed. 2011 Dec;24(10):1302-1312. doi: 10.1002/nbm.1692
17. Sumii T, Moriyama H, Fujii M, et al. Clinical studies on prostatitis and the therapeutic effects of NFLX. Nishinihon Journal of Urology. 1988;50(5):1741-1746.
18. Cope H, David AS. Neuroimaging in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996 May;60(5):471-473. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.60.5.471
19. Greco A, Tannock C, Brostoff J, Costa DC. Brain MR in chronic fatigue syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1997 Aug;18(7):1265-1269.
20. Biswal B, Kunwar P, Natelson BH. Cerebral blood flow is reduced in chronic fatigue syndrome as assessed by arterial spin labeling. J Neurol Sci. 2011 Feb;301(1-2):9-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.11.018
21. Costa DC, Tannock C, Brostoff J. Brainstem perfusion is impaired in chronic fatigue syndrome. QJM. 1995 Nov;88(11):767-773.
22. Tirelli U, Chierichetti F, Tavio M, et al. Brain positron emission tomography (PET) in chronic fatigue syndrome: preliminary data. Am J Med. 1998 Sep;105(3A):54S-58S. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9343(98)00179-X
23. Razumovsky AY, DeBusk K, Calkins H, et al. Cerebral and systemic hemodynamics changes during upright tilt in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Neuroimaging. 2003 Jan;13(1):57-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2003.tb00158.x
24. Cook DB, O'Connor PJ, Lange G, Steffener J. Functional neuroimaging correlates of mental fatigue induced by cognition among chronic fatigue syndrome patients and controls. Neuroimage. 2007 May;36(1):108-122. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.02.033
25. Lange G, Steffener J, Cook DB, et al. Objective evidence of cognitive complaints in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: a BOLD fMRI study of verbal working memory. Neuroimage. 2005 Jun;26(2):513-524. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.011
26. de Lange FP, Kalkman JS, Bleijenberg G, et al. Neural correlates of the chronic fatigue syndrome--an fMRI study. Brain. 2004 Sep;127(Pt 9):1948-1957. doi: 10.1093/brain/awh225
27. Decker MJ, Tabassum H, Lin JM, Reeves WC. Electroencephalographic correlates of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Behav Brain Funct. 2009;5:43. doi: 10.1186/1744-9081-5-43
28. Flor-Henry P, Lind JC, Koles ZJ. EEG source analysis of chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychiatry Res. 2010 Feb;181(2):155-164. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.10.007
29. Cockshell SJ, Mathias JL. Cognitive functioning in chronic fatigue syndrome: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2010 Aug;40(8):1253-1267. doi: 10.1017/S0033291709992054
30. Michiels V, Cluydts R. Neuropsychological functioning in chronic fatigue syndrome: a review. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2001 Feb;103(2):84-93. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00017.x
31. Hawk C, Jason LA, Torres-Harding S. Differential diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome and major depressive disorder. Int J Behav Med. 2006;13(3):244-251. doi: 10.1207/s15327558ijbm1303_8
32. DeLuca J, Johnson SK, Beldowicz D, Natelson BH. Neuropsychological impairments in chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1995 Jan;58(1):38-43. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.58.1.38
33. Michiels V, de Gucht V, Cluydts R, Fischler B. Attention and information processing efficiency in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1999 Oct;21(5):709-729. doi: 10.1076/jcen.21.5.709.875
34. Demitrack MA, Dale JK, Straus SE, et al. Evidence for impaired activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991 Dec;73(6):1224-1234. doi: 10.1210/jcem-73-6-1224
35. Wood B, Wessely S, Papadopoulos A, Poon L, Checkley S. Salivary cortisol profiles in chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuropsychobiology. 1998;37(1):1-4. doi: 10.1159/000026469
36. Papadopoulos AS, Cleare AJ. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012 Jan;8(1):22-32. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2011.153
37. Roberts AD, Wessely S, Chalder T, Papadopoulos A, Cleare AJ. Salivary cortisol response to awakening in chronic fatigue syndrome. Br J Psychiatry. 2004 Feb;184:136-141. doi: 10.1192/bjp.184.2.136
38. MacHale SM, Cavanagh JT, Bennie J, Carroll S, Goodwin GM, Lawrie SM. Diurnal variation of adrenocortical activity in chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuropsychobiology. 1998 Nov;38(4):213-217. doi: 10.1159/000026543
39. Nater UM, Youngblood LS, Jones JF, et al. Alterations in diurnal salivary cortisol rhythm in a population-based sample of cases with chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychosom Med. 2008 Apr;70(3):298-305. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181651025
40. Nater UM, Maloney E, Boneva RS, et al. Attenuated morning salivary cortisol concentrations in a population-based study of persons with chronic fatigue syndrome and well controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Mar;93(3):703-709. doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-1747
41. Fomicheva EE, Filatenkova TA, Rybakina EG. Activity in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenocortical system on experimental induction of chronic fatigue syndrome. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2010 Mar;40(3):245-250. doi: 10.1007/s11055-010-9250-3
42. Sharpe M, Hawton K, Clements A, Cowen PJ. Increased brain serotonin function in men with chronic fatigue syndrome. BMJ. 1997 Jul;315(7101):164-165. doi: 10.1136/bmj.315.7101.164
43. Cleare AJ, Messa C, Rabiner EA, Grasby PM. Brain 5-HT1A receptor binding in chronic fatigue syndrome measured using positron emission tomography and [11C]WAY-100635. Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Feb;57(3):239-246. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.031
44. Moss RB, Mercandetti A, Vojdani A. TNF-alpha and chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Immunol. 1999 Sep;19(5):314-316. doi: 10.1023/A:1020595709352
45. Maes M, Twisk FN, Kubera M, Ringel K. Evidence for inflammation and activation of cell-mediated immunity in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): increased interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, PMN-elastase, lysozyme and neopterin. J Affect Disord. 2012 Feb;136(3):933-939. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.09.004
46. Brenu EW, van Driel ML, Staines DR, et al. Immunological abnormalities as potential biomarkers in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis. J Transl Med. 2011;9:81. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-81
47. Broderick G, Fuite J, Kreitz A, Vernon SD, Klimas N, Fletcher MA. A formal analysis of cytokine networks in chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain Behav Immun. 2010 Oct;24(7):1209-1217. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.04.012
48. Brenu EW, Staines DR, Baskurt OK, et al. Immune and hemorheological changes in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Transl Med. 2010;8:1. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-1
49. Torres-Harding S, Sorenson M, Jason LA, Maher K, Fletcher MA. Evidence for T-helper 2 shift and association with illness parameters in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Bull IACFS ME. 2008;16(3):19-33.
50. ter Wolbeek M, van Doornen LJ, Kavelaars A, van de Putte EM, Schedlowski M, Heijnen CJ. Longitudinal analysis of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production in severely fatigued adolescents. Brain Behav Immun. 2007 Nov;21(8):1063-1074. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.04.007
51. Skowera A, Cleare A, Blair D, Bevis L, Wessely SC, Peakman M. High levels of type 2 cytokine-producing cells in chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Feb;135(2):294-302. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02354.x
52. Klimas NG, Salvato FR, Morgan R, Fletcher MA. Immunologic abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Jun;28(6):1403-1410.
53. Repka-Ramirez MS, Naranch K, Park YJ, Velarde A, Clauw D, Baraniuk JN. IgE levels are the same in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and control subjects when stratified by allergy skin test results and rhinitis types. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001 Sep;87(3):218-221. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62229-6
54. Klimas NG, Broderick G, Fletcher MA. Biomarkers for chronic fatigue. Brain Behav Immun. 2012 Jun: 1202-1210.
55. Fluge Ø, Bruland O, Risa K, et al. Benefit from B-lymphocyte depletion using the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab in chronic fatigue syndrome. A double-blind and placebo-controlled study. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26358. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026358
56. Fluge Ø, Mella O. Clinical impact of B-cell depletion with the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab in chronic fatigue syndrome: a preliminary case series. BMC Neurol. 2009;9:28. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-9-28
57. Fletcher MA, Zeng XR, Maher K, et al. Biomarkers in chronic fatigue syndrome: evaluation of natural killer cell function and dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26. PLoS One. 2010;5(5):e10817. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010817
58. Gomariz RP, Juarranz Y, Abad C, Arranz A, Leceta J, Martinez C. VIP-PACAP system in immunity: new insights for multitarget therapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Jul;1070:51-74. doi: 10.1196/annals.1317.031
59. Maes M, Twisk FN, Ringel K. Inflammatory and cell-mediated immune biomarkers in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and depression: inflammatory markers are higher in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome than in depression. Psychother Psychosom. 2012;81(5):286-295. doi: 10.1159/000336803
60. Masuda A, Nozoe SI, Matsuyama T, Tanaka H. Psychobehavioral and immunological characteristics of adult people with chronic fatigue and patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychosom Med. 1994 Nov-Dec;56(6):512-518.
61. Barker E, Fujimura SF, Fadem MB, Landay AL, Levy JA. Immunologic abnormalities associated with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 1994 Jan;18(Suppl 1):S136-141. doi: 10.1093/clinids/18.Supplement_1.S136
62. Mihaylova I, DeRuyter M, Rummens JL, Bosmans E, Maes M. Decreased expression of CD69 in chronic fatigue syndrome in relation to inflammatory markers: evidence for a severe disorder in the early activation of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2007 Aug;28(4):477-483.
63. Tirelli U, Marotta G, Improta S, Pinto A. Immunological abnormalities in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Scand J Immunol. 1994 Dec;40(6):601-608. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03511.x
64. Mallone R, Funaro A, Zubiaur M, et al. Signaling through CD38 induces NK cell activation. Int Immunol. 2001 Apr;13(4):397-409. doi: 10.1093/intimm/13.4.397
65. Marzio R, Mauël J, Betz-Corradin S. CD69 and regulation of the immune function. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1999 Aug;21(3):565-582. doi: 10.3109/08923979909007126
66. Rosenblum H, Shoenfeld Y, Amital H. The common immunogenic etiology of chronic fatigue syndrome: from infections to vaccines via adjuvants to the ASIA syndrome. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2011 Dec;25(4):851-863. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2011.07.012
67. Maher KJ, Klimas NG, Fletcher MA. Chronic fatigue syndrome is associated with diminished intracellular perforin. Clin Exp Immunol. 2005 Dec;142(3):505-511.
68. Klimas NG, Koneru AO. Chronic fatigue syndrome: inflammation, immune function, and neuroendocrine interactions. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2007 Dec;9(6):482-487. doi: 10.1007/s11926-007-0078-y
69. Glaser R, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Stress-associated immune modulation: relevance to viral infections and chronic fatigue syndrome. Am J Med. 1998 Sep;105(3A):35S-42S. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9343(98)00160-0
70. Chapenko S, Krumina A, Logina I, et al. Association of active human herpesvirus-6, -7 and parvovirus b19 infection with clinical outcomes in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Adv Virol. 2012;2012:205085.
71. Yuan J, Pu M, Zhang Z, Lou Z. Histone H3-K56 acetylation is important for genomic stability in mammals. Cell Cycle. 2009 Jun;8(11):1747-1753. doi: 10.4161/cc.8.11.8620
72. Broderick G, Hamo RB, Vashishtha S, et al. Altered immune pathway activity under exercise challenge in gulf war illness: an exploratory analysis. Brain Behav Immun. Nov 2012: 159-169.
73. Gaab J, Rohleder N, Heitz V, et al. Stress-induced changes in LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2005 Feb;30(2):188-198. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.06.008