Predictors of Finding Occult Atrial Fibrillation after Cryptogenic Stroke

Stroke

Volumn 46, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 1210-1215

  Favilla, Christopher G ^a   Ingala, Erin ^a   Jara, Jenny ^a   Fessler, Emily ^a   Cucchiara, Brett ^a   Messé, Steven R ^a   Mullen, Michael T ^a   Prasad, Allyson ^a   Siegler, James ^a   Hutchinson, Mathew D ^a   Kasner, Scott E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

atrial fibrillation; stroke

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; BRAIN INFARCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CHADS2 SCORE; CLINICAL FEATURE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; DEMOGRAPHY; DIABETES MELLITUS; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HEART LEFT ATRIUM; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTPATIENT CARE; PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; PREDICTOR VARIABLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; STROKE PATIENT; TELEMETRY; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; VASCULAR DISEASE; AMBULATORY MONITORING; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; COMPLICATION; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; STROKE;

AGED; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MONITORING, AMBULATORY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; STROKE;

EID: 84933558236     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: 15244628     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007763     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Adams HP Jr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke. 1993;24:35-41.
2. White H, Boden-Albala B, Wang C, Elkind MS, Rundek T, Wright CB, et al. Ischemic stroke subtype incidence among whites, blacks, and Hispanics: the Northern Manhattan Study. Circulation. 2005;111:1327-1331. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000157736.19739.D0.
3. Schneider AT, Kissela B, Woo D, Kleindorfer D, Alwell K, Miller R, et al. Ischemic stroke subtypes: a population-based study of incidence rates among blacks and whites. Stroke. 2004;35:1552-1556. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000129335.28301.f5.
4. Petty GW, Brown RD Jr, Whisnant JP, Sicks JD, O'Fallon WM, Wiebers DO. Ischemic stroke subtypes: a population-based study of incidence and risk factors. Stroke. 1999;30:2513-2516.
5. Liao J, Khalid Z, Scallan C, Morillo C, O'Donnell M. Noninvasive cardiac monitoring for detecting paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or flutter after acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review. Stroke. 2007;38:2935-2940. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.478685.
6. Bhatt A, Majid A, Razak A, Kassab M, Hussain S, Safdar A. Predictors of occult paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic strokes detected by long-term noninvasive cardiac monitoring. Stroke Res Treat. 2011;2011:172074. doi: 10.4061/2011/172074.
7. Hylek EM, Go AS, Chang Y, Jensvold NG, Henault LE, Selby JV, et al. Effect of intensity of oral anticoagulation on stroke severity and mortality in atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1019-1026. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa022913.
8. Evans A, Perez I, Yu G, Kalra L. Secondary stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: lessons from clinical practice. Stroke. 2000;31:2106-2111.
9. Barthélémy JC, Féasson-Gérard S, Garnier P, Gaspoz JM, Da Costa A, Michel D, et al. Automatic cardiac event recorders reveal paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after unexplained strokes or transient ischemic attacks. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2003;8:194-199.
10. Jabaudon D, Sztajzel J, Sievert K, Landis T, Sztajzel R. Usefulness of ambulatory 7-day ECG monitoring for the detection of atrial fibrillation and flutter after acute stroke and transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2004;35:1647-1651. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000131269.69502.d9.
11. Elijovich L, Josephson SA, Fung GL, Smith WS. Intermittent atrial fibrillation may account for a large proportion of otherwise cryptogenic stroke: a study of 30-day cardiac event monitors. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2009;18:185-189. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2008.09.005.
12. Gladstone DJ, Blakely J, Dorian P, Spring M, Fang J, Silver FL, et al; EMBRACE Pilot Study Group. Detecting paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: if you don't look, you won't find. Stroke. 2008;39:e78-79; discussion e80. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.513002.
13. Ziegler PD, Glotzer TV, Daoud EG, Wyse DG, Singer DE, Ezekowitz MD, et al. Incidence of newly detected atrial arrhythmias via implantable devices in patients with a history of thromboembolic events. Stroke. 2010;41:256-260. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.571455.
14. Gaillard N, Deltour S, Vilotijevic B, Hornych A, Crozier S, Leger A, et al. Detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with transtelephonic EKG in TIA or stroke patients. Neurology. 2010;74:1666-1670. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e0427e.
15. Tayal AH, Tian M, Kelly KM, Jones SC, Wright DG, Singh D, et al. Atrial fibrillation detected by mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry in cryptogenic TIA or stroke. Neurology. 2008;71:1696-1701. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000325059.86313.31.
16. Miller DJ, Khan MA, Schultz LR, Simpson JR, Katramados AM, Russman AN, et al. Outpatient cardiac telemetry detects a high rate of atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke. J Neurol Sci. 2013;324:57-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.10.001.
17. Sanna T, Diener HC, Passman RS, Di Lazzaro V, Bernstein RA, Morillo CA, et al; CRYSTAL AF Investigators. Cryptogenic stroke and underlying atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2478-2486. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1313600.
18. Alhadramy O, Jeerakathil TJ, Majumdar SR, Najjar E, Choy J, Saqqur M. Prevalence and predictors of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation on Holter monitor in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2010;41:2596-2600. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.570382.
19. Kang DW, Chalela JA, Ezzeddine MA, Warach S. Association of ischemic lesion patterns on early diffusion-weighted imaging with TOAST stroke subtypes. Arch Neurol. 2003;60:1730-1734. doi: 10.1001/archneur.60.12.1730.
20. Green S. How many subjects does it take to do a regression analysis? Multivar Behav Res. 1991;26:499-510
21. Colivicchi F, Bassi A, Santini M, Caltagirone C. Cardiac autonomic derangement and arrhythmias in right-sided stroke with insular involvement. Stroke. 2004;35:2094-2098. doi: 10.1161/01. STR.0000138452.81003.4c.
22. Haft JI. Using CHADS2 backwards plus echo criteria to identify stroke patients who have occult intermittent atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J. 2009;157:e9; author reply e11. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.10.014.
23. Zuo ML, Liu S, Chan KH, Lau KK, Chong BH, Lam KF, et al. The CHADS2 and CHA 2DS 2-VASc scores predict new occurrence of atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2013;37:47-54. doi: 10.1007/s10840-012-9776-0.
24. Cotter PE, Martin PJ, Ring L, Warburton EA, Belham M, Pugh PJ. Incidence of atrial fibrillation detected by implantable loop recorders in unexplained stroke. Neurology. 2013;80:1546-1550. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828f1828.
25. Aboaf AP, Wolf PS. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. A common but neglected entity. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:362-367.
26. Psaty BM, Manolio TA, Kuller LH, Kronmal RA, Cushman M, Fried LP, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for atrial fibrillation in older adults. Circulation. 1997;96:2455-2461.
27. Tsang TS, Barnes ME, Bailey KR, Leibson CL, Montgomery SC, Takemoto Y, et al. Left atrial volume: important risk marker of incident atrial fibrillation in 1655 older men and women. Mayo Clin Proc. 2001;76:467-475. doi: 10.4065/76.5.467.
28. Fatema K, Barnes ME, Bailey KR, Abhayaratna WP, Cha S, Seward JB, et al. Minimum vs. maximum left atrial volume for prediction of first atrial fibrillation or flutter in an elderly cohort: a prospective study. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2009;10:282-286. doi: 10.1093/ejechocard/jen235.
29. Fuster V, Rydén LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, et al; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines; European Heart Rhythm Association; Heart Rhythm Society. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006;114:e257-e354. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.177292.
30. Saksena S, Hettrick DA, Koehler JL, Grammatico A, Padeletti L. Progression of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation to persistent atrial fibrillation in patients with bradyarrhythmias. Am Heart J. 2007;154:884-892. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2007.06.045.
31. De Vos CB, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, Dorian P, Kowey PR, Le Heuzey JY, et al. Progression of atrial fibrillation in the REgistry on Cardiac rhythm disORDers assessing the control of Atrial Fibrillation cohort: clinical correlates and the effect of rhythm-control therapy. Am Heart J. 2012;163:887-893. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2012.02.015.
32. Botto GL, Padeletti L, Santini M, Capucci A, Gulizia M, Zolezzi F, et al. Presence and duration of atrial fibrillation detected by continuous monitoring: crucial implications for the risk of thromboembolic events. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2009;20:241-248. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2008.01320.x.
33. Capucci A, Santini M, Padeletti L, Gulizia M, Botto G, Boriani G, et al; Italian AT500 Registry Investigators. Monitored atrial fibrillation duration predicts arterial embolic events in patients suffering from bradycardia and atrial fibrillation implanted with antitachycardia pacemakers. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:1913-1920. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.07.044.
34. Gladstone DJ, Spring M, Dorian P, Panzov V, Thorpe KE, Hall J, et al; EMBRACE Investigators and Coordinators. Atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2467-2477. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1311376.
35. Kamel H, Hegde M, Johnson DR, Gage BF, Johnston SC. Costeffectiveness of outpatient cardiac monitoring to detect atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2010;41:1514-1520. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.582437.