Assessing metrics for estimating fire induced change in the forest understorey structure using Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Remote Sensing

Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 8180-8201

  Gupta, Vaibhav ^a,b   Reinke, Karin J ^a,b   Jones, Simon D ^a,b   Wallace, Luke ^a,b   Holden, Lucas ^a  

^a RMIT UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b BUSHFIRE AND NATURAL HAZARDS COOPERATIVE RESEARCH CENTRE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Change detection; LiDAR metrics; Prescribed burns; Single scan; Terrestrial laser scanning; Terrestrial LiDAR; Understorey

Indexed keywords

FIRES; FORESTRY; LASER APPLICATIONS; OPTICAL RADAR; SCANNING; SEEBECK EFFECT; STEEL BEAMS AND GIRDERS; SURFACE ANALYSIS;

CHANGE DETECTION; PRESCRIBED BURN; SINGLE SCAN; TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING; TERRESTRIAL LIDARS; UNDERSTOREY;

SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS;

DATA; FOREST STRIP; RADAR; SCANNING;

EID: 84933511124     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20724292     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/rs70608180     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Roy, D.P.; Lewis, P.E.; Justice, C.O. Burned area mapping using multi-temporal moderate spatial resolution data-A bi-directional reflectance model-based expectation approach. Remote Sens. Environ. 2002, 83, 263-286.
2. Gill, A.M. Fire and the Australian flora: A review. Aust. For. 1975, 38, 4-25.
3. Penman, T.D.; Kavanagh, R.P.; Binns, D.L.; Melick, D.R. Patchiness of prescribed burns in dry sclerophyll eucalypt forests in South-eastern Australia. For. Ecol. Manag. 2007, 252, 24-32.
4. Fernandes, P.M.; Botelho, H.S. A review of prescribed burning effectiveness in fire hazard reduction. Int. J. Wildland Fire 2003, 12, 117-128.
5. Leigh, J.H.; Noble, J.C. The role of fire in the management of rangelands in Australia. In Fire and the Australian Biota; Grove, R.H., Noble, I.R., Eds.; Australian Academy of Science: Canberra, Australia, 1981; pp. 471-495.
6. Victorian Lands Alliance. Fuel Reduction Burning in Southern Australia's Forests: A Review of Its Effectiveness as a Bushfire Management Tool 2010; Victorian Lands Alliance: Benalla, VIC, Australia, 2010. Available online: http://www.royalcommission.vic.gov.au/Documents/Document-files/Exhibits/SUBM-002-055-0031-R.pdf (accessed on 9 February 2015).
7. Robichaud, P.R. Post-fire stabilization and rehabilitation. In Fire Effects on Soils and Restoration Strategies; Robichaud, P.R., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2009; pp. 299-320.
8. Wittenberg, L.; Malkinson, D.; Beeri, O.; Halutzy, A.; Tesler, N. Spatial and temporal patterns of vegetation recovery following sequences of forest fires in a Mediterranean landscape, Mt. Carmel Israel. Catena 2007, 71, 76-83.
9. Lentile, L.B.; Morgan, P.; Hudak, A.T.; Bobbitt, M.J.; Lewis, S.A.; Smith, A.; Robichaud, P.R. Post-fire burn severity and vegetation response following eight large wildfires across the western United States. Fire Ecol. 2007, 3, 91-108.
10. Boby, L.A.; Schuur, E.A.G.; Mack, M.C.; Verbyla, D.; Johnstone, J.F. Quantifying fire severity, carbon, and nitrogen emissions in Alaska's boreal forest. Ecol. Appl. 2010, 20, 1633-1647.
11. Key, C.H.; Benson, N.C. Landscape assessment: Ground measure of severity, the Composite Burn Index; and remote sensing of severity, the Normalized Burn Ratio. In FIREMON: Fire Effects Monitoring and Inventory System; Lutes, D.C., Keane, R.E., Caratti, J.F., Key, C.H., Benson, N.C., Gangi, L.J., Eds.; USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: Ogden, UT, USA, 2005.
12. DSE. Remote Sensing of Fire Severity for Prescribed Burns: Field Assessment; Department of Sustainability and Environment: Melbourne, Australia, 2010.
13. Hudak, A.T.; Evans, J.S.; Stuart Smith, A.M. LiDAR utility for natural resource managers. Remote Sens. 2009, 1, 934-951.
14. Jakubowski, M.K.; Guo, Q.; Collins, B.; Stephens, S.; Kelly, M. Predicting Surface fuel models and fuel metrics using Lidar and CIR imagery in a dense, mountainous forest. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 2013, 79, 37-49.
15. Loudermilk, E.L.; Hiers, J.K.; O'Brien, J.J.; Mitchell, R.J.; Singhania, A.; Fernandez, J.C.; Cropper, W.P.; Slatton, K.C. Ground-based LiDAR: A novel approach to quantify fine-scale fuelbed characteristics. Int. J. Wildland Fire 2009, 18, 676-685.
16. Riano, D.; Meier, E.; Allgower, B.; Chuvieco, E.; Ustin, S.L. Modeling airborne laser scanning data for the spatial generation of critical forest parameters in fire behavior modeling. Remote Sens. Environ. 2003, 86, 177-186.
17. Rowell, E.; Seielstad, C. Characterising grass, litter, and shrub fuels in longleaf pine forest pre-and post-fire using terrestrial LiDAR. In Proceedings of SilviLaser 2012, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 16-18 September 2012.
18. Martinuzzi, S.; Vierling, L.A.; Gould, W.A.; Falkowski, M.J.; Evans, J.S.; Hudak, A.T.; Vierling, K.T. Mapping snags and understory shrubs for a LiDAR-based assessment of wildlife habitat suitability. Remote Sens. Environ. 2009, 113, 2533-2546.
19. Muukkonen, P.; Makipaa, R. Empirical biomass models of understorey vegetation in boreal forests according to stand and site attributes. Boreal Environ. Res. 2006, 11, 355-369.
20. Dubayah, R.O.; Drake, J.B. LiDAR remote sensing for forestry. J. For. 2000, 98, 44-46.
21. Kane, V.R.; McGaughey, R.J.; Bakker, J.D.; Gersonde, R.F.; Lutz, J.A.; Franklin, J.F. Comparisons between field-and LiDAR-based measures of stand structural complexity. Can. J. For. Res. 2010, 40, 761-773.
22. Lefsky, M.A.; Cohen, W.B.; Acker, S.A.; Spies, T.A.; Parker, G.G.; Harding, D.J. LiDAR remote sensing of forest canopy structure and related biophysical parameters at H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, USA. In Natural Resources Management Using Remote Sensing and GIS; ASPRS: Washington, DC, USA, 1997; pp. 79-91.
23. Lefsky, M.A.; Hudak, A.T.; Cohen, W.B.; Acker, S.A. Patterns of covariance between forest stand and canopy structure in the Pacific Northwest. Remote Sens. Environ. 2005, 95, 517-531.
24. Means, J.E.; Acker, S.A.; Fitt, B.J.; Renslow, M.; Emerson, L.; Hendrix, C.J. Predicting forest stand characteristics with airborne scanning LiDAR. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 2000, 66, 1367-1371.
25. Meyer, V.; Saatchi, S.S.; Chave, J.; Dalling, J.; Bohlman, S.; Fricker, G.A.; Robinson, C.; Neumann, M. Detecting tropical forest biomass dynamics from repeated airborne LiDAR measurements. Biogeosci. Discuss 2013, 10, 1957-1992.
26. Naesset, E. Determination of mean tree height of forest stands using airborne laser scanner data. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 1997, 52, 49-56.
27. Watt, P.J.; Donoghue, D.N.M.; Dunford, R.W. Forest parameter extraction using terrestrial laser scanning. In Proceedings of ScandLaser Scientific Workshop on Airborne Laser Scanning of Forests, Umea, Sweden, 2-4 September 2003; pp. 237-244.
28. Bienert, A.; Scheller, S.; Keane, E.; Mohan, F.; Nugent, C. Tree detection and diameter estimations by analysis of forest terrestrial laser scanner point clouds. In Proceedings of SilviLaser 2007, Espoo, Finland, 12-14 September 2007.
29. Watt, P.J.; Donoghue, D.N.M. Measuring forest structure with terrestrial laser scanning. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2005, 26, 1437-1446.
30. Moskal, L.M.; Zheng, G. Retrieving forest inventory variables with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in urban heterogeneous forest. Remote Sens. 2011, 4, 1-20.
31. Huang, P.; Pretzsch, H. Using terrestrial laser scanner for estimating leaf areas of individual trees in a conifer forest. Trees 2010, 24, 609-619.
32. Jupp, D.L.B., Culvenor, D.S.; Lovell, J.L.; Newnham, G.J.; Strahler, A.H.; Woodcock, C.E. Estimating forest LAI profiles and structural parameters using a ground-based laser called "Echidna®". Tree Physiol. 2009, 29, 171-181.
33. Danson, F.M.; Hetherington, D.; Morsdorf, F.; Koetz, B.; Allgower, B. Forest canopy gap fraction from terrestrial laser scanning. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 2007, 4, 157-160.
34. Liang, X.; Hyyppä, J.; Kaartinen, H.; Holopainen, M.; Melkas, T. Detecting changes in forest structure over time with bi-temporal terrestrial laser scanning data. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2012, 1, 242-255.
35. Xiao, W.; Xua, S.; Elberinka, S.O.; Vosselmana, G. Change detection of trees in urban areas using mutil-temporal airborne LiDAR point clouds. Proc. SPIE 2012, doi:10.1117/12.974266.
36. Yu, X.; Hyyppä, J.; Kaartinen, H.; Maltamo, M. Automatic detection of harvested trees and determination of forest growth using airborne laser scanning. Remote Sens. Environ. 2004, 90, 451-462.
37. Wallace, L.O.; Watson, C.; Lucieer, A. Detecting pruning of individual stems using airborne laser scanning data captured from an unmanned aerial vehicle. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. 2014, 30, 76-85.
38. Goodwin, N.R. Assessing Understorey Structural Characteristics in Eucalypt Forests: An Investigation of LiDAR Techniques. Ph.D. Thesis, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 2006.
39. Wang, C.; Glenn, N.F. Estimation of fire severity using pre-and post-fire LiDAR data in sagebrush steppe rangelands. Int. J. Wildland Fire 2009, 18, 848-856.
40. Wing, B.M.; Ritchie, M.W.; Boston, K.; Cohen, W.B.; Gitelman, A.; Olsen, M.J. Prediction of understory vegetation cover with airborne LiDAR in an interior ponderosa pine forest. Remote Sens. Environ. 2012, 124, 730-741.
41. Hines, F.; Tolhurst, K.; Wilson, A.; McCarthy, G. Overall Fuel Hazard Assessment Guide; Fire and Adaptive Management. Department of Sustainability and Environment: Melbourne, Australia, 2010.
42. Isenburg, M.; Schewchuck, J. LAStools: Converting, Viewing and Compressing LiDAR Data in LAS Format. Available online: http://www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/(accessed on 13 May 2015).
43. Dassot, M.; Constant, T.; Fournier, M. The use of terrestrial LiDAR technology in forest science: Application fields, benefits and challenges. Ann. For. Sci. 2011, 68, 959-974.
44. Vierling, L.A.; Xu, Y.; Eitel, J.U.H.; Oldow, J.S. Shrub characterization using terrestrial laser scanning and implications for airborne LiDAR assessment. Can. J. Remote Sens. 2013, 38, 709-722.
45. Olsoy, P.J.; Glenn, N.F.; Clark, P.E. Estimating sagebrush biomass using terrestrial laser scanning. Rangel. Ecol. Manag. 2014, 67, 224-228.
46. Liang, X.; Litkey, P.; Hyyppa, J.; Kaartinen, H.; Vastaranta, M.; Holopainen, M. Automatic stem mapping using single-scan terrestrial laser scanning. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2012, 50, 661-670.
47. Litkey, P.; Liang, X.; Kaartinen, H.; Hyyppä, J.; Kukko, A.; Holopainen, M. Single-scan TLS methods for forest parameter retrieval. In Proceedings of the 8th SilviLaser 2008, Edinburgh, UK, 17-19 September 2008.
48. Turner, M.G.; Hargrove, W.W.; Gardner, R.H.; Romme, W.H. Effects of fire on landscape heterogeneity in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. J. Veg. Sci. 1994, 5, 731-742.
49. Price, O.; Russell-Smith, J.; Edwards, A. Fine-scale patchiness of different fire intensities in sandstone heath vegetation in northern Australia. Int. J. Wildland Fire 2003, 12, 227-236.
50. Ooi, M.K.; Whelan, R.J.; Auld, T.D. Persistence of obligate-seeding species at the population scale: Effects of fire intensity, fire patchiness and long fire-free intervals. Int. J. Wildland Fire 2006, 15, 261-269.