4-Fluoroamphetamine in the Netherlands: More than a one-night stand

Addiction

Volumn 110, Issue 7, 2015, Pages 1138-1143

  Linsen, Felix ^a   Koning, Raoul P J ^a   van Laar, Margriet ^a   Niesink, Raymond J M ^a   Koeter, Maarten W ^b   Brunt, Tibor M ^a,b  

^a NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND ADDICTION   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

4 fluoroamphetamine; Amphetamine; MDMA; New psychoactive substance; Questionnaire; Reported effects

Indexed keywords

4-FLUOROAMPHETAMINE; AMPHETAMINE DERIVATIVE; MIDOMAFETAMINE; PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT; STREET DRUG;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AMPHETAMINE-RELATED DISORDERS; DRUG USE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; NETHERLANDS; PSYCHOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRE; SOCIAL MEDIA; SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AMPHETAMINE-RELATED DISORDERS; AMPHETAMINES; DRUG USERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; N-METHYL-3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYAMPHETAMINE; NETHERLANDS; PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS; SOCIAL MEDIA; STREET DRUGS; SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84931559848     PISSN: 09652140     EISSN: 13600443     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/add.12932     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) European Drug Report 2013. Lisbon, Portugal: EMCDDA; 2013.
2. van Amsterdam J. G., Korf D. J., Nabben A. L. W. M. RIVM Rapport: Designer Drugs in Europe. Bilthoven, the Netherlands: RIVM; 2013.
3. Carhart-Harris R. L., King L. A., Nutt D. J. A web-based survey on mephedrone. Drug Alcohol Depend 2011; 118: 19-22.
4. Moore K., Dargan P. I., Wood D. M., Measham F. Do novel psychoactive substances displace established club drugs, supplement them or act as drugs of initiation? The relationship between mephedrone, ecstasy and cocaine. Eur Addict Res 2013; 19: 276-82.
5. Ayres T. C., Bond J. W. A chemical analysis examining the pharmacology of novel psychoactive substances freely available over the internet and their impact on public (ill)health. Legal highs or illegal highs? BMJ Open 2012; 2: e000977, 1-8.
6. van der Gouwe D. DIMS Annual Report 2012. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Trimbos Institute; 2012.
7. Goossens F. X., Frijns T., van Hasselt N. E., van Laar M. W. The National Nightlife Survey 2013. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Trimbos Institute; 2014.
8. Brunt T. M., van Amsterdam J. G., van den Brink W. GHB, GBL and 1, 4-BD addiction. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 20: 4076-85.
9. Brunt T. M., Koeter M. W., Hertoghs N., van Noorden M. S., van den Brink W. Sociodemographic and substance use characteristics of γ hydroxybutyrate (GHB) dependent inpatients and associations with dependence severity. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 131: 316-9.
10. de Jong C. A., Kamal R., Dijkstra B. A., de Haan H. A. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate detoxification by titration and tapering. Eur Addict Res 2012; 18: 40-5.
11. Marona-Lewicka D., Rhee G. S., Sprague J. E., Nichols D. E. Psychostimulant-like effects of p-fluoroamphetamine in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 1995; 287: 105-13.
12. Nagai F., Nonaka R., Satoh K. The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 559: 132-7.
13. Wee S., Anderson K. G., Baumann M. H., Rothman R. B., Blough B. E., Woolverton W. L. Relationship between the serotonergic activity and reinforcing effects of a series of amphetamine analogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 313: 848-54.
14. Global Drug Survey (GDS). Available at: http://www.globaldrugsurvey.com/facts-figures/the-global-drug-survey-2014-findings. 2014 (accessed 1 December 2014).
15. Baylen C. A., Rosenberg H. A review of the acute subjective effects of MDMA/ecstasy. Addiction 2006; 101: 933-47.
16. Sumnall H. R., Cole J. C., Jerome L. The varieties of ecstatic experience: an exploration of the subjective experiences of ecstasy. J Psychopharmacol 2006; 20: 670-82.
17. Brunt T. M., Niesink R. J. The Drug Information and Monitoring System (DIMS) in the Netherlands: implementation, results, and international comparison. Drug Test Anal 2011; 3: 621-34.
18. Ewald A. H., Fritschi G., Bork W. R., Maurer H. H. Designer drugs 2, 5-dimethoxy-4-bromo-amphetamine (DOB) and 2, 5-dimethoxy-4-bromo-methamphetamine (MDOB): studies on their metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques. J Mass Spect 2006; 41: 487-98.
19. Ewald A. H., Fritschi G., Maurer H. H. Designer drug 2, 4, 5-trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA-2): studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques. J Mass Spect 2006; 41: 1140-8.
20. Wood D. M., Looker J. J., Shaikh L., Button J., Puchnarewicz M., Davies S., et al. Delayed onset of seizures and toxicity associated with recreational use of Bromo-dragonFLY. J Med Toxicol 2009; 5: 226-9.
21. Giné C. V., Espinosa I. F., Vilamala M. V. New psychoactive substances as adulterants of controlled drugs. A worrying phenomenon? Drug Test Anal 2014; 6: 819-24.
22. Johansen S. S., Hansen T. M. Isomers of fluoroamphetamines detected in forensic cases in Denmark. Int J Leg Med 2012; 126: 541-7.
23. Röhrich J., Becker J., Kaufmann T., Zörntlein S., Urban R. Detection of the synthetic drug 4-fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) in serum and urine. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 215: 3-7.
24. Brunt T. M., Poortman A., Niesink R. J., van den Brink W. Instability of the ecstasy market and a new kid on the block: mephedrone. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 11: 1543-7.
25. Peiró A. M., Farré M., Roset P. N., Carbó M., Pujadas M., Torrens M., et al. Human pharmacology of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) after repeated doses taken 2 h apart. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 225: 883-93.
26. Litjens R. P., Brunt T. M., Alderliefste G. J., Westerink R. H. Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder and the serotonergic system: a comprehensive review including new MDMA-related clinical cases. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24: 1309-23.
27. Wolff K., Tsapakis E. M., Winstock A. R., Hartley D., Holt D., Forsling M. L., et al. Vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in response to the consumption of ecstasy in a clubbing population. J Psychopharmacol 2006; 20: 400-10.
28. Hysek C. M., Schmid Y., Simmler L. D., Domes G., Heinrichs M., Eisenegger C., et al. MDMA enhances emotional empathy and prosocial behavior. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 28: 1645-52.
29. Gerra G., Avanzini P., Zaimovic A., Fertonani G., Caccavari R., Delsignore R., et al. Neurotransmitter and endocrine modulation of aggressive behavior and its components in normal humans. Behav Brain Res 1996; 81: 19-24.
30. Fisk J. E., Murphy P. N., Montgomery C., Hadjiefthyvoulou F. Modelling the adverse effects associated with ecstasy use. Addiction 2011; 106: 798-805.