Ecological Risk Assessment of Sediments in Sydney Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada

Soil and Sediment Contamination

Volumn 24, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 471-493

  Walker, Tony R ^a   Willis, Rob ^a   Gray, Tim ^a   MacLean, Bradley ^a   Mcmillan, Scott ^a   Leroy, Melissa ^a   Appleton, Rebecca ^a   Wambolt, Nadine ^a   Smith, Melanie ^a  

^a DILLON CONSULTING LIMITED   (Canada)

Author keywords

ecological risk assessment (ERA); metals; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); sedimentquality guidelines (SQGs); Sediments

Indexed keywords

CONTAMINATION; EFFLUENTS; METALS; MINERAL OILS; ORGANIC CARBON; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY; PETROLEUM RESERVOIR EVALUATION; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; PORTS AND HARBORS; QUALITY CONTROL; SEDIMENTS; SEWAGE;

CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT; INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES; PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS (PHCS); POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL (PCBS); POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS); SEDIMENT QUALITY GUIDELINE (SQGS); SEDIMENTQUALITY GUIDELINES (SQGS);

RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 84930744090     PISSN: 15320383     EISSN: 15497887     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2015.982244     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Atlantic RBCA (Risk-Based Corrective Action). 2010. Guidelines for Laboratories Tier I and Tier II Petroleum Hydrocarbon Methods, Version 3.0, July 2010.
2. Atlantic RBCA (Risk-Based Corrective Action). 2012. Ecological Screening Protocol for Petroleum Impacted Sites in Atlantic Canada Scientific Rationale Scientific Rationale to support the Adoption/Development of Tier 1 Ecological Screening Levels for Soil, Surface Water, Groundwater and Sediment, Version 3, July 2012.
3. Barrick,R., Becker,S., Brown, L., Beller, H., and Pastorok, R. 1988.Sediment Quality Values Refinement. VolumeII: Data AppendicesE, F, and G: 1988 Update and Evaluationof Puget Sound AET. Taylor & Francis, Seattle, Washington.
4. BC MOE. 2014. Working Guidelines. Available at: http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wat/wq/BCguidelines/working.html.
5. Boehm, P. D., Douglas, S. D., Burns, W. A., Mankiewicz, P. J., Page, D. S., and Bence, A. E. 1997. Application of petroleum hydrocarbon chemical fingerprinting and allocation techniques after the Exxon Valdex oil spill. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 14, 599–613.
6. CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment). 2014. Sediment Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life. Available at: http://st-ts.ccme.ca/.
7. Chapman, P. M. 2011. Framework for Addressing and Managing Aquatic Contaminated Sites Under the Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan (FCSAP), Taylor & Francis, Burnaby (BC), Canada.
8. Chen, C. F., Dong, C. D., and Chen, C. W. 2013. Evaluation of sediment toxicity in Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan. Soil Sediment Contam. 22, 301–314.
9. COA (Canada Ontario Agreement). 2008. Canada-Ontario Decision-Making Framework for Assessment of Great Lakes Contaminated Sediment, Environment Canada.
10. Correll, R. L. 2001. The use of composite sampling in contaminated sites: A case study. Environ. Ecolog. Stat. 8, 185–200.
11. DFO (Fisheries and Oceans Canada). 2014. Divestiture Program. Available at: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/sch-ppb/divestiture-dessaisissement-eng.asp.
12. Ernst, B., Pitcher, D., Matthews, S., and Julien, G. 1999. Concentration and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), PCBs, and metals in sediments, mussels (Mytilus edulis and Modiolus modiolus), and lobsters (Homarus americanus) from Sydney Harbour, Nova Scotia. Taylor & Francis, Surveillance Report EPS-5-AR-99-7.
13. GIPME. 1999. Guidance on Assessment of Sediment Quality. Taylor & Francis.
14. Hadley, P. W., and Bruce, M. 2014. On representativeness. J.Environmental Forensics 15, 1–3.
15. Hilderbrand, L. P. 1982. Environmental Quality in Sydney and Northeast Industrial Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. Taylor & Francis, Dartmouth, N.S. Surveillance Report EPS-5-AR-82-3.
16. Hull, R. N., and Swanson, S. 2006. Sequential analysis of lines of evidence: An advanced weight-of-evidence approach for ecological risk assessment.Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. 2, 302–311.
17. ITRC (Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council). 2012.Incremental SamplingMethodology: ISM-1. Taylor & Francis, Washington, DC. Available at: http://www.itrcweb.org.
18. Jones-Lee, A., and Lee, G. F. 2005. Unreliability of co-occurrence-based sediment quality guidelines for contaminated sediment evaluations at Superfund/hazardous chemical sites. Remediation. 15, 19–33.
19. King, T. L., Uthe, J. F., and Musial, C. J. 1993. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the digestive glands of the American lobster, Homarus americanus, captured in the proximity of a coal coking plant. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 50, 907–914.
20. Leadon, C. J., McDonnell, T. R., Laer, J., and Barclift, D. 2007. Calculating background levels for ecological risk parameters in toxic harbour sediment. Soil Sediment Contam. 16, 433–350.
21. Lee, K., Yeats, P., Smith, J., Pertie, B., and Milligan, T. G. 2002. Environmental effects and remediation of contaminants in Sydney Harbour, NS. TSRI Project Number 93. Nova Scotia Sci. 2425, vii-108.
22. Long, E. R., Field, L. J., and MacDonald, D. D. 1998. Predicting toxicity in marine sediments with numerical sediment quality guidelines. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17, 714–727.
23. Long, E. R., MacDonald, D. D., Smith, S. L., and Calder, F. D. 1995. Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments. Environ. Manag. 19, 81–97.
24. Loring, D. H., Rantala, R. T. T., and Milligan, T. G. 1996. Metallic contaminants in the sediments of coastal embayments of Nova Scotia. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2111, viii.
25. MacAskill, D. 2014. Forensic PAH Assessment of the Sydney Tar Ponds and the Surrounding Environment Using PAH Fingerprint Analysis, Taylor & Francis, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
26. Magar, V. S., and Wenning, R. J. 2006. The role of monitored natural recovery in sediment remediation. Integr. Environ. Assess. Manage. 2, 66–74.
27. Manning, W. J. 2012. PAH diagnostic ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources. Environ. Pollut. 162, 110–119.
28. McGrath, J. A., Paquin, P. R., and Di Toro, D. M. 2002. Use of the SEM and AVS approach in predicting metal toxicity in sediments. ICMM Fact Sheet on Environmental Risk Assessment, 10, 7.
29. Namiesnik, J., and Tobiszewski, M. 2012. PAH diagnostic ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources. Environ. Pollut. 162, 110–119.
30. Neff, J. M., Stout, S. A., and Gunstert, D. G. 2005. Ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments: Identifying sources and ecological hazard. Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. 1, 22–33.
31. NOAA. 1999. Sediment Quality Guidelines developed for the National Status and Trends Program. Available at: http://archive.orr.noaa.gov/book_shelf/121_sedi_qual_guide.pdf.
32. NYSDEC. 1994. Technical Guidance for Screening Contaminated Sediments (including updates up to January 1999). Taylor & Francis.
33. Plumb, R. Jr. 2004. Fingerprint Analysis of Contaminant Data: A Foresnic Tool For Evaluating Environmental Data. Taylor & Francis, EPA/600/5-04/054.
34. Schumacher, B. A. 2002. Methods for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in soils and sediments. NCEAC- 1282, EMASC-001 April 2002, Taylor & Francis, Las Vegas, Nevada.
35. Sirota, G. R., Uthe, J. F., Robinson, D. G., and Musial, C. J. 1984. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in American lobster (Homarus americanus) and Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected in the area of Sydney Harbour, Nova Scotia. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1758, vi-22.
36. Smith, J. N., Lee, K., Gobeil, C., and Macdonald, R. W. 2009. Natural rates of sediment containment of PAH, PCB and metal inventories in Sydney Harbour, Nova Scotia. Sci. Tot. Environ. 407, 4858–4869.
37. Stewart, P. L., Kendrick, P. A., Levy, H. A., Robinson, T. L., and Lee, K. 2002. Softbottom benthic communities in Sydney Harbour, Nova Scotia: 2. 2000 survey: Distribution and relation to sediments and contamination. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2425, vii-108.
38. Suter, G. W. II. 1995. Guide for Performing Screening Ecological Risk Assessments, ES/ER/TM-153. Taylor & Francis, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
39. Tay, K.-L., Teh, S. J., Doe, K., Lee, K., and Jackman, P. 2003. Histopathologic and histochemical biomarker responses of Baltic clam, Macoma balthica, to contaminated Sydney Harbour sediment, Nova Scotia, Canada. Environ. Health Perspect. 111, 273–280.
40. Transport Canada. 2014. The Port Programs Directorate of Transport Canada. Available at: http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/programs/ports-menu-1127.htm.
41. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA). 2005. SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste. Taylor & Francis, Washington, DC.
42. Uthe, J. F., and Musial, C. J. 1986. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination of American lobster, Homarus americanus, in the proximity of a coal-coking plant. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 37, 730–738.
43. Walker, T. R. 2014. Environmental effects monitoring in Sydney Harbour during remediation of one of Canada's most polluted sites: A review and lessons learned. Remediation. 24, 103–117.
44. Walker, T. R., and Grant, J. 2009. Quantifying erosion rates and stability of bottom sediments at mussel aquaculture sites in Prince Edward Island, Canada. J Mar. Syst. 75, 46–55.
45. Walker, T. R., and MacAskill, D. 2014. Monitoring water quality in Sydney Harbour using blue mussels during remediation of the Sydney Tar Ponds, Nova Scotia, Canada. Environ. Monit. Assess. 186, 1623–1638.
46. Walker, T. R., MacAskill, D., Rushton, T., Thalheimer, A. H., and Weaver, P. 2013a. Monitoring effects of remediation on natural sediment recovery in Sydney Harbour, Nova Scotia. Environ. Monit. Assess. 185, 8089–8107.
47. Walker, T. R., MacAskill, D., and Weaver, P. 2013b. Environmental recovery in Sydney Harbour, Nova Scotia: Evidence of natural and anthropogenic sediment capping. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 74, 446–452.
48. Walker, T. R., MacAskill, D., and Weaver, P. 2013c. Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) as bioindicators of stable and improving water quality in Sydney Harbour during remediation of the Sydney Tar Ponds, Nova Scotia, Canada. Water Qual. Res. J. Can. 48, 358–371.
49. Walker, T. R., MacAskill, D., and Weaver, P. 2013d. Legacy contaminant bioaccumulation in rock crabs in Sydney Harbour during remediation of the Sydney Tar Ponds, Nova Scotia, Canada. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 77, 412–417.
50. Walker, T. R., MacLean, B., Appleton, R., McMillan, S., and Miles, M. 2013e. Cost effective sediment dredge disposal policy options for small craft harbours in Canada. Remediation. 23, 123–140.
51. Wang, Z., and Fingas, M. F. 2003. Development of oil hydrocarbon fingerprinting and identification techniques. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 27, 423–452.
52. Zemo, D. A. 2009. Use of parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) proportions to attribute PAH sources in sediments: A case study from the Pacific Northwest. Environ. Forensics 10, 229–239.