PAH diagnostic ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources

Environmental Pollution

Volumn 162, Issue , 2012, Pages 110-119

  Tobiszewski, Marek ^a   Namieśnik, Jacek ^a  

^a GDANSK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Poland)

Author keywords

Environmental fate of organics; Environmental forensics; PAH diagnostic ratios; Pollution sources; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Indexed keywords

BIOMONITORS; COAL-BURNING; DIAGNOSTIC RATIOS; DURING PHASE; ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS; ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIA; ORGANICS; PAH POLLUTION; PARTICLE PHASE; PETROLEUM COMBUSTION; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTY; POLLUTION EMISSIONS; POLLUTION SOURCES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATICS;

ANOXIC SEDIMENTS; AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; COAL COMBUSTION; HYDROCARBONS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS;

POLLUTION;

ACENAPHTHENE; ACENAPHTHYLENE; ANTHRACENE; BENZ[A]ANTHRACENE; BENZO[A]PYRENE; BENZO[B]FLUORANTHENE; BENZO[E]PYRENE; BENZO[GHI]PERYLENE; BENZO[J]FLUORANTHENE; BENZO[K]FLUORANTHENE; CHRYSENE; COAL; DIBENZ[A,H]ANTHRACENE; FLUORANTHENE; FLUORENE; INDENO[1,2,3 CD]PYRENE; NAPHTHALENE; PETROLEUM; PHENANTHRENE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; PYRENE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; WATER;

BIOMASS BURNING; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; PAH; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTY; POLLUTANT SOURCE;

AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ATMOSPHERE; BIOMASS; COMBUSTION; CONIFER NEEDLE; DIAGNOSTIC RATIO; ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS; MUSSEL; NONHUMAN; PARTICLE SIZE; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; PLANT LEAF; POLLUTION; POLLUTION EMISSION SOURCE; POLLUTION MONITORING; REVIEW; SEASONAL VARIATION; SEDIMENT; SOIL;

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION; POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC;

EID: 82655186734     PISSN: 02697491     EISSN: 18736424     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.10.025     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. T. Agarwal, P.S. Khillare, V. Shridhar, and S. Ray Pattern, sources and toxic potential of PAHs in the agricultural soils of Delhi, India J. Hazard. Mat 163 2009 1033 1039
2. M. Akyüz, and H. abuk Particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmospheric environment of Zonguldak, Turkey Science of the Total Environment 405 2008 62 70
3. M. Akyüz, and H. abuk Gas-particle partitioning and seasonal variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of Zonguldak, Turkey Science of the Total Environment 408 2010 5550 5558
4. C. Alves, C. Pio, A. Carvalho, and C. Santos Atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols over grasslands of central Europe and a Boreal forest Chemosphere 63 2006 153 164
5. O.A. Amin, L.I. Comoglio, and J.L. Sericano Polynuclear aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons in mussels from the coastal zone of Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 30 2011 521 529
6. M.J. Arens, and C.V. Depree A source mixing model to apportion PAHs from coal tar and asphalt binders in street pavements and urban aquatic sediments Chemosphere 81 2010 1526 1535
7. A.O. Barakat, A. Mostafa, T.L. Wade, S.T. Sweet, and N.B. El Sayed Spatial distribution and temporal trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from Lake Maryut, Alexandria, Egypt Water, Air and Soil Pollution 2010 10.1007/s11270-010-0624-5
8. T.D. Behymer, and R.A. Hites Photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on simulated atmospheric particulates Environmental Science and Technology 19 1985 1004 1006 (Pubitemid 16220915)
9. X. Bi, G. Sheng, P. Peng, Y. Chen, and J. Fu Size distribution of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban and rural atmospheres of Guangzhou, China Atmospheric Environment 39 2005 477 487
10. M. Blanchard, M.J. Teil, D. Ollivon, L. Legenti, and M. Chevreuil Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorobiphenyls in wastewaters and sewage sludges from the Paris area (France) Environmental Research 95 2004 184 197 (Pubitemid 38625895)
11. R.C. Brändli, T.D. Bucheli, S. Ammann, A. Desaules, A. Keller, F. Blum, and W.A. Stahel Critical evaluation of PAH source apportionment tools using data from the Swiss soil monitoring network Journal of Environmental Monitoring 10 2008 1278 1286
12. T.D. Bucheli, F. Blum, A. Desaules, and O. Gustafsson Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, black carbon, and molecular markers in soils of Switzerland Chemosphere 56 2004 1061 1076 (Pubitemid 38981522)
13. A. Cabrerizo, J. Dachs, C. Moeckel, M.-J. Ojeda, G. Caballero, D. Barcelo, and K.C. Jones Ubiquitous Net volatilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soils and Parameters influencing their Soil-Air partitioning Environmental Science and Technology 45 2011 4740 4747
14. M.S. Callén, M.T. de la Cruz, J.M. López, and A.M. Mastral PAH in airborne particulate matter. Carcinogenic character of PM10 samples and assessment of the energy generation impact Fuel Processing and Technology 92 2011 176 182
15. D. Contini, A. Gambaro, F. Belosi, S. De Pieri, W.R.L. Cairns, A. Donateo, E. Zanotto, and M. Citron The direct influence of ship traffic on atmospheric PM2.5, PM10 and PAH in Venice Journal of Environmental Management 92 2011 2119 2129
16. D.A.M. da Silva, and M.C. Bícego Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and petroleum biomarkers in So Sebastio Channel, Brazil: assessment of petroleum contamination Marine Environmental Research 69 2010 277 286
17. J. Dai, M. Xu, J. Chen, X. Yang, and Z. Ke PCDD/F, PAH and heavy metals in the sewage sludge from six wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China Chemosphere 66 2007 353 361 (Pubitemid 44868969)
18. R.J. De La Torre-Roche, W.-Y. Lee, and S.I. Campos-Díaz Soil-borne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in El Paso, Texas: analysis of a potential problem in the United States/Mexico border region Journal of Hazardous Materials 163 2009 946 958
19. F. De Nicola, L. Claudia, P.M. Vittoria, M. Giulia, and A. Anna Biomonitoring of PAHs by using Quercus ilex leaves: source diagnostic and toxicity assessment Atmospheric Environment 45 2011 1428 1433
20. M. del Rosario Sienra, N.G. Rosazza, and M. Prendez Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their molecular diagnostic ratios in urban atmospheric respirable particulate master Atmospheric Research 75 2005 267 281 (Pubitemid 40771516)
21. A. Dvorská, G. Lammel, and J. Klánová Use of diagnostic ratios for studying source apportionment and reactivity of ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons over Central Europe Atmospheric Environment 45 2011 420 427
22. M. Elmquist, Z. Zencak, and Ö. Gustafsson A 700 Year sediment Record of black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons near the EMEP air monitoring Station in Aspvreten, Sweden Environmental Science and Technology 41 2007 6926 6932 (Pubitemid 47585520)
23. A. Enell, F. Reichenberg, G. Ewald, and P. Warfvinge Desorption kinetics studies on PAH-contaminated soil under varying temperatures Chemosphere 61 2005 1529 1538
24. F. Esen, Y. Tasdemir, and N. Vardar Atmospheric concentrations of PAHs, their possible sources and gas-to-particle partitioning at a residential site of Bursa, Turkey Atmospheric Research 88 2008 243 255
25. 2 and NO radicals with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on carbonaceous particles. Part 1: PAHs adsorbed on 1-2 mm calibrated graphite particles Atmospheric Environment 38 2004 6063 6072 (Pubitemid 39311429)
26. W. Esteve, H. Budzinski, and E. Villenave Relative rate constants for the heterogeneous reactions of NO2 and OH radicals with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on carbonaceous particles. Part 2: PAHs adsorbed on diesel particulate exhaust SRM 1650a Atmospheric Environment 40 2006 201 211
27. M.-D. Fang, C.-L. Lee, and C.-S. Yu Distribution and source recognition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of Hsin-ta Harbour and adjacent coastal areas, Taiwan Marine Pollution Bulletin 46 2003 941 953 (Pubitemid 36962765)
28. M.-D. Fang, P.-C. Hsieh, F.-C. Ko, J.E. Baker, and C.-L. Lee Sources and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of Kaoping river and submarine canyon system, Tajwan Marine Pollution Bulletin 54 2007 1179 1189 (Pubitemid 47094839)
29. A.T. Flemming, J.E. Weinstein, and A.J. Lewitus Survey of PAH in low density residential stormwater ponds in coastal South Carolina: false dark mussels (Mytilopsis leucophaeata) as potential biomonitors Marine Pollution Bulletin 56 2008 1598 1608
30. E.A. Francioni, L.R. Wagener, A. Scofield, L. de, M.H. Depledge, B. Cavalier, C.B. Sette, L. Carvalhosa, C. Lozinsky, and R. Mariath Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in inter-tidal mussel Perna perna: space-time observations, source investigation and genotoxicity Science of the Total Environment 372 2007 515 531 (Pubitemid 46043364)
31. E. Galarneau Source specificity and atmospheric processing of airborne PAHs: implications for source apportionment Atmospheric Environment 42 2008 8139 8149
32. U. Ghosh, and S.B. Hawthorne Particle-Scale Measurement of PAH aqueous Equilibrium partitioning in impacted sediments Environmental Science and Technology 44 2010 1204 1210
33. J. Guinan, M. Charlesworth, M. Service, and T. Oliver Sources and Geochemical Constraints of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and mussels of two North Irish Sea-loughs Marine Pollution Bulletin 42 2001 1073 1081 (Pubitemid 33116350)
34. J. Guo, F. Wu, X. Luo, Z. Liang, H. Liao, R. Zhang, W. Li, X. Zhao, S. Chen, and B. Mai Anthropogenic input of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into five lakes in Western China Environmental Pollution 158 2010 2175 2180
35. H.-M. Hwang, and G.D. Foster Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban stormwater runoff flowing into the tidal Anacostia River, Washington, DC, USA Environmental Pollution 140 2006 416 426 (Pubitemid 43288039)
36. H.-M. Hwang, T.L. Wade, and J.L. Sericano Concentrations and source characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pine needles from Korea, Mexico, and United States Atmospheric Environment 37 2003 2259 2267 (Pubitemid 36428946)
37. L.E. Jacobs, L.K. Weavers, and Y.-P. Chin Direct and indirect photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in nitrate-rich surface waters Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 27 2008 1643 1648
38. J.-J. Jiang, C.-L. Lee, M.-D. Fang, and J.T. Liu Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments of southwest Taiwan: an appraisal of diagnostic ratios in source recognition Marine Pollution Bulletin 58 2009 752 760
39. A. Katsoyiannis, E. Terzi, and Q.-Y. Cai On the use of PAH molecular diagnostic ratios in sewage sludge for the understanding of the PAH sources. Is this use appropriate? Chemosphere 69 2007 1337 1339 (Pubitemid 47495936)
40. A. Katsoyiannis, A.J. Sweetman, and K.C. Jones PAH molecular diagnostic ratios applied to atmospheric sources: a critical evaluation using two Decades of source Inventory and air concentration data from the UK Environmental Science and Technology 2011 10.1021/es202277u
41. I.G. Kavouras, and E.G. Stephanou Gas/Particle partitioning and size distribution of Primary and Secondary carbonaceous aerosols in Public Buildings Indoor Air 12 2002 17 32 (Pubitemid 135746325)
42. D. Kim, B.M. Kumfer, C. Anastasio, I.M. Kennedy, and T.M. Young Environmental ageing of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on soot and its effect on source identification Chemosphere 76 2009 1075 1081
43. L.-J. Kuo, P. Louchouarn, B.E. Herbert, J.M. Brandenberger, T.L. Wade, and E. Crecelius Combustion-derived substances in deep basins of Puget Sound: historical inputs from fossil fuel and biomass combustion Environmental Pollution 159 2011 983 990
44. R. Ladji, N. Yassaa, A. Cecinato, and B.Y. Meklati Seasonal variation of particulate organic compounds in atmospheric PM10 in the biggest municipal waste landfill of Algeria Atmospheric Research 86 2007 249 260 (Pubitemid 350047418)
45. R. Ladji, N. Yassaa, C. Balducci, A. Cecinato, and B.Y. Meklati Annual variation of particulate organic compounds in PM10 in the urban atmosphere of Algiers Atmospheric Research 92 2009 258 269
46. E. Lehndorff, and L. Schwark Biomonitoring of air quality in the Cologne Conurbation using pine needles as a passive sampler - Part II: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) Atmospheric Environment 38 2004 3793 3808 (Pubitemid 38797940)
47. 2.5 and cloud/fog water at Mount Taishan (China) Atmospheric Environment 44 2010 1996 2003
48. Y. Liu, L. Chen, Q.-h. Huang, W.-Y. Li, Y.-J. Tang, and J.-F. Zhao Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of the Huangpu River, Shanghai, China Science of the Total Environment 407 2009 2931 2938
49. Y. Liu, L. Chen, J. Zhao, Y. Wei, Z. Pan, X.-Z. Meng, Q. Huang, and W. Li Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface soil of Shanghai, China: concentrations, distribution and sources Organic Geochemistry 41 2010 355 362
50. W.-L. Ma, Y.-F. Li, H. Qi, D.-Z. Sun, L.-Y. Liu, and D.-G. Wang Seasonal variations of sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to a northeastern urban city, China Chemosphere 79 2010 441 447
51. D. Mackay, W.Y. Shiu, K.-C. Ma, and S.C. Lee Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals 2006 CRC Press
52. E. Magi, R. Bianco, C. Ianni, and M. Di Carro Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of the Adriatic Sea Environmental Pollution 119 2002 91 98 (Pubitemid 34211319)
53. O.L.G. Maioli, K.C. Rodrigues, B.A. Knoppers, and D.A. Azevedo Polycyclic aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in Mytella charruana, a bivalve mollusk from Mundaú Lagoon, Brazil Microchemical Journal 96 2010 172 179
54. B. Maliszewska-Kordybach, B. Smreczak, A. Klimkowicz-Pawlas, and H. Terelak Monitoring of the total content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in arable soils in Poland Chemosphere 73 2008 1284 1291
55. E. Manoli, A. Kouras, and C. Samara Profile analysis of ambient and source emitted particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from three sites in northern Greece Chemosphere 56 2004 867 878 (Pubitemid 38922845)
56. L. Mansuy-Huault, A. Regier, and P. Faure Analyzing hydrocarbons in sewer to help in PAH source apportionment in sewage sludges Chemosphere 75 2009 995 1002
57. J. Mantis, A. Chaloulakou, and C. Samara PM10-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Greater Area of Athens, Greece Chemosphere 59 2005 593 604
58. L.C. Marr, K. Dzepina, J.L. Jimenez, F. Reisen, H.L. Bethel, J. Arey, J.S. Gaffney, N.A. Marley, L.T. Molina, and M.J. Molina Sources and transformations of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mexico City Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6 2006 1733 1745 (Pubitemid 44198616)
59. D. Martuzevicius, L. Kliucininkas, T. Prasauskas, E. Krugly, V. Kauneliene, and B. Strandberg Resuspension of particulate matter and PAHs from street dust Atmospheric Environment 45 2011 310 317
60. Y. Marusenko, P. Herckes, and S.J. Hall Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of an arid urban Ecosystem Water, Air and Soil Pollution 2010 10.1007/s11270-010-0721-5
61. S. McCready, D.J. Slee, G.F. Birch, and S.E. Taylor The distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Surficial sediments of Sydney Harbour, Australia Marine Pollution Bulletin 40 2000 999 1006
62. M.M.R. Mostert, G.A. Ayoko, and S. Kokot Application of chemometrics to analysis of soil pollutants Trends in Analytical Chemistry 29 2010 430 435
63. S. Mutsazawa, L. Nasser-Ali, and P. Garrigues Photolytic Behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel particulate matter deposited on the Ground Environmental Science and Technology 35 2001 3139 3143 (Pubitemid 32881745)
64. J. Niu, P. Sun, and K.-W. Schramm Photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with fly ash particles under simulated sunlight irradiation Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology 186 2007 93 98
65. M. Odabasi, E. Cetin, and A. Sofuoglu Determination of octanol-air partition coefficients and supercooled liquid vapor pressures of PAHs as a function of temperature: application to gas-particle partitioning in an urban atmosphere Atmospheric Environment 40 2006 6615 6625 (Pubitemid 44345309)
66. C. Oliveira, N. Martins, J. Tavares, C. Pio, M. Cerqueira, M. Matos, H. Silva, C. Oliveira, and F. Cames Size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a roadway tunnel in Lisbon, Portugal Chemosphere 2011 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.01.011
67. K. Opuene, I.E. Agbozu, and O.O. Adegboro A critical appraisal of PAH indices as indicators of PAH source and composition in Elelenwo Creek, southern Nigeria Environmentalist 29 2009 47 55
68. D.S. Page, P.D. Boehm, G.S. Douglas, A.E. Bence, W.A. Burns, and P.J. Mankiewicz Pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments Record Past human activity: a case study in Prince William Sound, Alaska Marine Pollution Bulletin 38 1999 247 260 (Pubitemid 29263833)
69. S.-U. Park, J.-G. Kim, M.-J. Jeong, and B.-J. Song Source identification of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in industrial complex using diagnostic ratios and multivariate factor analysis Archives of Environmental Contaminant Toxicology 2010 10.1007/s00244-010-9567-z
70. M.T. Piccardo, M. Pala, B. Bonaccurso, A. Stella, A. Redaelli, G. Paola, and F. Valerio Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster needles as passive samplers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Environmental Pollution 133 2005 293 301 (Pubitemid 39425124)
71. C. Pies, B. Hoffmann, J. Petrowsky, Y. Yang, T.A. Ternes, and T. Hofmann Characterization and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in river bank soils Chemosphere 72 2008 1594 1601
72. D. Plachá, H. Raclavská, D. Matýsek, and M.H. Rümmeli The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in soils in the Region of Valasske Mezirici, the Czech Republic Geochemical Transactions 10 2009 12 33
73. K. Prevedouros, K.C. Jones, and A.J. Sweetman Modelling the atmospheric fate and seasonality of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the UK Chemosphere 56 2004 195 208 (Pubitemid 38692703)
74. S. Raja, and K.T. Valsaraj On the reactive uptake of gaseous PAH molecules by micron-sized atmospheric water droplet Atmospheric Research 81 2006 277 292 (Pubitemid 44276203)
75. N. Ratola, J.M. Amigo, and A. Alves Levels and sources of PAHs in Selected sites from Portugal: biomonitoring with Pinus pinea and Pinus pinaster needles Archives of Environmental Contaminant Toxicology 58 2010 631 647
76. N. Ratola, A. Alves, S. Lacorte, and D. Barceló Distribution and sources of PAHs using three pine species along the Ebro River Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2011 10.1007/s10661-011-2014-x
77. K. Ravindra, R. Sokhi, and R. Van Grieken Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: source attribution, emission factors and regulation Atmospheric Environment 42 2008 2895 2921
78. K. Ravindra, E. Wauters, and R. Van Grieken Variation in particulate PAHs levels and their relation with the transboundary movement of the air masses Science of the Total Environment 396 2008 100 110
79. C. Riccardi, P. Di Filippo, D. Pomata, F. Incoronato, M. Di Basilio, M. Petrangeli Papini, and S. Spicaglia Characterization and distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in groundwater from three Italian tank farms Science of the Total Environment 393 2008 50 63
80. M. Ricking, and H.-M. Schulz PAH-profiles in sediment cores from the Baltic Sea Marine Pollution Bulletin 44 2002 565 570 (Pubitemid 34603712)
81. J. Rogowska, L. Wolska, and J. Namieśnik Impacts of pollution derived from ship wrecks on the marine environment on the basis of s/s "Stuttgart" (Polish coast, Europe) Science of the Total Environment 408 2010 5775 5783
82. J. Sabaté, M. Viñas, and A.M. Solanas Bioavailability assessment and environmental fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biostimulated creosote-contaminated soil Chemosphere 63 2006 1648 1659
83. J.A. Soriano, L. Viñas, M.A. Franco, J.J. González, L. Ortiz, J.M. Bayona, and J. Albaigés Spatial and temporal trends of petroleum hydrocarbons in wild mussels from the Galician coast (NW Spain) affected by the Prestige oil spill Science of the Total Environment 370 2006 80 90 (Pubitemid 44429966)
84. G.L. Ströher, N. Ré Poppi, J.L. Raposo Jr., and J.B. Gomes de Souza Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by gas chromatography - ion trap tandem mass spectrometry and source identifications by methods of diagnostic ratio in the ambient air of Campo Grande, Brazil Microchemical Journal 86 2007 112 118
85. F. Sun, D. Wen, Y. Kuang, J. Li, J. Li, and W. Zuo Concentrations of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in needles of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) growing nearby different industrial sources Journal of Environmental Science 22 2010 1006 1013
86. Y. Tasdemir, and F. Esen Urban air PAHs: concentrations, temporal changes and gas/particle partitioning at a traffic site in Turkey Atmospheric Research 84 2007 1 12 (Pubitemid 46223927)
87. M. Tobiszewski, S. Tsakovski, V. Simeonov, and J. Namieśnik Surface water quality assessment by the use of combination of multivariate statistical classification and expert information Chemosphere 80 2010 740 746
88. M. Tsapakis, and E.G. Stephanou Occurrence of gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere: study of sources and ambient temperature effect on the gas/particle concentration and distribution Environmental Pollution 133 2005 147 156 (Pubitemid 41569178)
89. M. Tsapakis, E.G. Stephanou, and I. Karakassis Evaluation of atmospheric transport as a nonpoint source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments of the Eastern Mediterranean Marine Chemistry 80 2003 283 298 (Pubitemid 36530726)
90. C.H. Vane, I. Harrison, A.W. Kim, V. Moss-Hayes, B.P. Vickers, and B.P. Horton Status of organic pollutants in surface sediments of Barnegat bay-little Egg Harbor Estuary, New Jersey, USA Marine Pollution Bulletin 56 2008 1802 1814
91. L. Viñas, M. Angeles Franco, J. Antonio Soriano, J. José, J. González, J. Pon, and J. Albaigés Sources and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Spanish northern continental shelf. Assessment of spatial and temporal trends Environmental Pollution 158 2010 1551 1560
92. A. Wagener, C. Hamacher, C. Farias, J.M. Godoy, and A. Scofield Evaluation of tools to identify hydrocarbon sources in recent and historical sediments of a tropical bay Marine Chemistry 121 2010 67 79
93. D. Wang, J. Chen, Z. Xu, X. Qiao, and L. Huang Disappearance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons sorbed on surfaces of pine [Pinus thunbergii] needles under irradiation of sunlight: volatilization and photolysis Atmospheric Environment 39 2005 4583 4591 (Pubitemid 41074131)
94. G. Wang, L. Huang, X. Zhao, H. Niu, and Z. Dai Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of atmospheric aerosols in five locations of Nanjing urban area, China Atmospheric Research 81 2006 54 66 (Pubitemid 44201637)
95. Z. Wang, J. Chen, P. Yang, X. Qiao, and F. Tian Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Dalian soils: distribution and toxicity assessment Journal of Environmental Monitoring 9 2007 199 204 (Pubitemid 46215238)
96. J.-Z. Wang, Y.-F. Nie, X.-L. Luo, and E.Y. Zeng Occurrence and phase distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in riverine runoff of the Pearl River Delta, China Marine Pollution Bulletin 57 2008 767 774
97. Z. Wang, J. Chen, P. Yang, F. Tian, X. Qiao, H. Bian, and L. Ge Distribution of PAHs in pine (Pinus thunbergii) needles and soils correlates with their gas-particle partitioning Environmental Science and Technology 43 2009 1336 1341
98. L. Wang, Z. Yang, J. Niu, and J. Wang Characterization, ecological risk assessment and source diagnostics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water column of the Yellow River Delta, one of the most plenty biodiversity zones in the World Journal of Hazardous Materials 169 2009 460 465
99. Y. Wang, P.-h. Li, H.-l. Li, X.-h. Liu, and W.-x. Wang PAHs distribution in precipitation at Mount Taishan China. Identification of sources and meteorological influence Atmospheric Research 95 2010 1 7
100. W. Wang, S.L.M. Simonich, M. Xue, J. Zhao, N. Zhang, R. Wang, J. Cao, and S. Tao Concentrations, sources and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from Beijing, Tianjin and surrounding areas, North China Environmental Pollution 158 2010 1245 1251
101. H.-S. Wang, Z. Cheng, P. Liang, D.-D. Shao, Y. Kang, S.-C. Wu, C.K.C. Wong, and M.H. Wong Characterization of PAHs in surface sediments of aquaculture farms around the Pearl River Delta Ecotoxicological and Environmental Safety 73 2010 900 906
102. B. Yan, T.A. Abrajano, R.F. Bopp, D.A. Chaky, L.A. Benedict, and S.N. Chillrud Molecular Tracers of Saturated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon inputs into central Park Lake, New York city Environmental Science and Technology 39 2005 7012 7019
103. Y. Yang, P. Guo, Q. Zhang, D. Li, L. Zhao, and D. Mu Seasonal variation, sources and gas/particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Guangzhou, China Science of the Total Environment 408 2010 2492 2500
104. Y. Yang, P.C. Vanmetre, B.J. Mahler, J.T. Wilson, B. Ligouis, M.D.M. Razzaque, D.J. Schaeffer, and C.J. Werth Influence of coal-tar Sealcoat and other carbonaceous materials on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Loading in an urban Watershed Environmental Science and Technology 44 2010 1217 1223
105. M.B. Yunker, R.W. Macdonald, R. Vingarzan, R.H. Mitchell, D. Goyette, and S. Sylvestre PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition Organic Geochemistry 33 2002 489 515 (Pubitemid 34294057)
106. X.L. Zhang, S. Tao, W.X. Liu, Y. Yang, Q. Zuo, and S.Z. Liu Source diagnostics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on species ratios: a multimedia approach Environmental Science and Technology 39 2005 9109 9114 (Pubitemid 41741194)
107. X.-X. Zhang, S.-P. Cheng, C.-J. Zhu, and S.-L. Sun Microbial PAH-Degradation in soil: degradation pathways and contributing factors Pedosphere 16 2006 555 565
108. W. Zhang, S. Zhang, C. Wan, D. Yue, Y. Ye, and X. Wang Source diagnostics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban road runoff, dust, rain and canopy throughfall Environmental Pollution 153 2008 594 601 (Pubitemid 351680322)
109. J. Zhao, F. Zhang, J. Chen, and Y. Xu Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and gas/particle partitioning in a coastal city, Xiamen, Southeast China Journal of Environmental Science 22 2010 1014 1022
110. J. Zhou, T. Wang, Y. Huang, T. Mao, and N. Zhong Size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban and suburban sites of Beijing, China Chemosphere 61 2005 792 799