Host species vary in infection probability, sub-lethal effects, and costs of immune response when exposed to an amphibian parasite

Scientific Reports

Volumn 5, Issue , 2015, Pages

  Bielby, Jon ^a,b   Fisher, Matthew C ^b   Clare, Frances C ^a,b   Rosa, Gonçalo M ^a,c,d   Garner, Trenton W J ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY   (United Kingdom)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KENT   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LISBON   (Portugal)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANURA; CHYTRIDIOMYCETES; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; GENETICS; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; HOST RANGE; PARASITE; PARASITOLOGY; PATHOGENICITY;

ANIMALS; ANURA; CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA; DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY; HOST SPECIFICITY; HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS; PARASITES;

EID: 84930660681     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/srep10828     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Holt, R. D., Dobson, A. P., Begon, M., Bowers, R. G., & Schauber, E. M. Parasite establishment in host communities. Ecol. Lett. 6, 837-842 (2003).
2. Fenton, A., & Pedersen, A. B. Community epidemiology framework for classifying disease threats. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11, 1815-1821 (2005).
3. Boots, M., Greenman, J., Ross, D., Norman, R., Hails, R., & Sait, S. The population dynamical implications of covert infections in host-microparasite interactions. J. Anim. Ecol. 72, 1064-1072 (2003).
4. Sait, S. M., Begon, M., & Thompson, D. J. The effects of a sublethal baculovirus infection in the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. J. Anim. Ecol. 63, 541-550 (1994).
5. Uller, T., Isaksson, C., & Olsson, M. Immune challenge reduces reproductive output and growth in a lizard. Funct. Ecol. 20, 873-879 (2006).
6. Bonneaud, C. et al. Assessing the cost of mounting an immune response. Am. Nat. 161, 367-379 (2003).
7. Webster, J. P., & Woolhouse, M. E. J. Cost of resistance: relationship between reduced fertility and increased resistance in a snailschistosome host-parasite system. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 266, 391-396 (1999).
8. Kraaijeveld, A. R., & Godfray, H. C. J. Trade-off between parasitoid resistance and larval competitive ability in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature 389, 278-280 (1997).
9. Begon, M. 'Effects of Host Diversity on Disease Dynamics'. In: Infectious Disease Ecology, eds Ostfeld, R. S., Keesing, F., & Eviner, V. T., . Princeton University Press (2008).
10. Norman, R., Bowers, R. G., Begon, M., & Hudson, P. J., Persistence of tick-horne virus in the presence of multiple host species: Tick reservoirs and parasite mediated competition. J Theor. Biol. 200, 111-118 (1999).
11. Keesing, F., Holt, R. D., & Ostfeld, R. S. Effects of species diversity on disease risk. Ecol. Lett. 9, 485-498 (2006).
12. Johnson, P. T. J., & Thieltges, D. W. Diversity, decoys and the dilution effect: how ecological communities affect disease risk. J. Exp. Biol. 213, 961-970 (2010).
13. Olson, D. H. et al. Mapping the Global Emergence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus. PLoS ONE 8, (2013).
14. Bielby, J., Cooper, N., Cunningham, A. A., Garner, T. W. J., & Purvis, A. Predicting susceptibility to future declines in the world's frogs. Conserv. Letts. 1, 82-90 (2008).
15. Balaz, V. et al. Assessing Risk and Guidance on Monitoring of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Europe through Identification of Taxonomic Selectivity of Infection. Conserv. Biol. 28, 213-223 (2014).
16. Walker, S. F. et al. Factors driving pathogenicity vs. prevalence of amphibian panzootic chytridiomycosis in Iberia. Ecol. Lett. 3, 372-382 (2010).
17. Garner, T. W. J., Rowcliffe, J. M., & Fisher, M. C. Climate change, chytridiomycosis or condition: an experimental test of amphibian survival. Global. Change. Biol. 17, 667-675 (2011).
18. Garner, T. W. J. et al. Life history tradeoffs influence mortality associated with the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Oikos 118, 783-791 (2009).
19. Bosch, J., & Martinez-Solano, I. Chytrid fungus infection related to unusual mortalities of Salamandra salamandra and Bufo bufo in the Penalara Natural Park, Spain. Oryx 40, 84-89 (2006).
20. Gosner, K. L. A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16, 183-190 (1960).
21. Farrer, R. A. et al. Multiple emergences of genetically diverse amphibian-infecting chytrids include a globalized hypervirulent recombinant lineage. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 18732-18736 (2011).
22. Boyle, D. G., Boyle, D. B., Olsen, V., Morgan, J. A. T., & Hyatt, A. D. Rapid quantitative detection of chytridiomycosis (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in amphibian samples using real-time Taqman PCR assay. Dis. Aquat. Org. 60, 141-148 (2004).
23. Luquet, E. et al. Genetic erosion in wild populations makes resistance to a pathogen more costly. Evolution 66, 1942-1952 (2012).
24. Retallick, R. W. R., & Miera, V. Strain differences in the amphibian chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and non-permanent, sub-lethal effects of infection. Dis. Aquat. Org. 75, 201-207 (2007).
25. Parris, M. J., & Cornelius, T. O. Fungal pathogen causes competitive and developmental stress in larval amphibian communities. Ecology 85, 3385-3395 (2004).
26. Fisher, M. C. et al. Proteomic and phenotypic profiling of the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis shows that genotype is linked to virulence. Mol. Ecol. 18, 415-429 (2009).
27. Johnson, P. T., Hartson, R. B., Larson, D. J., & Sutherland, D. R. Diversity and disease: community structure drives parasite transmission and host fitness. Ecol. Lett. 11, 1017-1026 (2008).
28. R. Core Team. A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL http://www.R-project.org/, Accessed 01/01/2014. (2014).
29. Berger, L. et al. Chytridiomycosis causes amphibian mortality associated with population declines in the rain forests of Australia and Central America. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 9031-9036 (1998).
30. Lips, K. R. et al. Emerging infectious disease and the loss of biodiversity in a Neotropical amphibian community. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 3165-3170 (2006).
31. Searle, C. L. Differential Host Susceptibility to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, an Emerging Amphibian Pathogen (vol 25, pg 965, 2011). Conserv. Biol. 27, 642-642 (2013).
32. Teacher, A. G. F., Garner, T. W. J., & Nichols, R. A. Evidence for Directional Selection at a Novel Major Histocompatibility Class I Marker in Wild Common Frogs (Rana temporaria) Exposed to a Viral Pathogen (Ranavirus). PLoS ONE 4, (2009).
33. Simmaco, M., Mignogna, G., Canofeni, S., Miele, R., Mangoni, M. L., & Barra, D. Temporins, antimicrobial peptides from the European red frog Rana temporaria. Eur. J. Biochem. 242, 788-792 (1996).
34. Duda, T. F., Vanhoye, D., & Nicolas, P. Roles of diversifying selection and coordinated evolution in the evolution of amphibian antimicrobial peptides. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19, 858-864 (2002).
35. Rollins-Smith, L. A. et al. Activities of temporin family peptides against the chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) associated with global amphibian declines. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 47, 1157-1160 (2003).
36. Searle, C. L., Biga, L. M., Spatafora, J. W., & Blaustein, A. R. A dilution effect in the emerging amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 16322-16326 (2011).
37. Woodhams, D. C., Alford, R. A., Briggs, C. J., Johnson, M., & Rollins-Smith, L. A. Life-history trade-offs influence disease in changing climates: Strategies of an amphibian pathogen. Ecology 89, 1627-1639 (2008).
38. Fenton, A., & Rands, S. A. Optimal parasite infection strategies: a state-dependent approach. Int. J. Parasitol. 34, 813-821 (2004).
39. Fenton, A., & Hudson, P. J. Optimal infection strategies: should macroparasites hedge their bets? Oikos 96, 92-101 (2002).
40. Moss, A. S., Reddy, N. S., & DortaJ, I. M., Francisco MJS. Chemotaxis of the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and its response to a variety of attractants. Mycologia 100, 1-5 (2008).
41. Altwegg, R., & Reyer, H. U. Patterns of natural selection on size at metamorphosis in water frogs. Evolution 57, 872-882 (2003).