Centered log-ratio (clr) transformation and robust principal component analysis of long-term NDVI data reveal vegetation activity linked to climate processes

Climate

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 135-149

  Muriithi, Faith K ^a  

^a MONTCLAIR STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Climate; Data transformation; Drought; ENSO; PCA; Vegetation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84930649499     PISSN: None     EISSN: 22251154     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/cli3010135     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Richards, J.A. Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis, 5th ed.; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Germany, 2013.
2. Goodchild, M.; Haining, R.; Wise, S. Integrating GIS and spatial data analysis: Problems and possibilities.. Int. J. Geogr. Info. Syst. 1992; 6, 407-423.
3. Tucker, C.J.; Pinzon, J.E.; Brown, M.E.; Slayback, D.; Pak, E.W.; Mahoney, R.; Vermote, E.; El Saleous, N. An extended AVHRR 8-km NDVI data set compatible with MODIS and SPOT vegetation NDVI data.. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2006; 26, 4485-4498.
4. Lhermitte, S.; Verbesselt, J.; Verstraaten, W.W.; Coppin, P. A comparison of time series similarity measures for classification and change detection of ecosystems dynamics.. Int. Remote Sens. Environ. 2011; 115, 3129-3152.
5. Eastman, R.J. IDRISI Selva Guide to GIS and Remote Sensing; Clarklabs, Clark University:Worcester, MA, USA, 2012; p. 322.
6. Omkar, S.N.; Sivaranjani, V.; Senthilnath, J.; Mukherjee, S. Classification of hyperspectral data.. Int. J. Aero. Innov. 2010; 2, 157-163.
7. Hyvarinen, A.; Oja, E. Independent component analysis: Algorithms and applications.. Neural Netw. 2000; 13, 411-430.
8. Forkel, M.; Carvalhais, N.; Verbesselt, J.; Mahecha, M.D.; Neigh, C.S.R.; Reichstein, M. Trend change detection in NDVI time series: Effects of inter-annual variability and methodology.. Remote Sens. 2013; 5, 2113-2144.
9. Sellers, P.J. Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis and transpiration.. Int. J. Remote Sens. 1985; 6, 1335-1372.
10. Mennis, J. Exploring relationships between ENSO and vegetation vigour in the south-east USA using AVHRR data.. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2001; 22, 3077-3092.
11. Pettorelli, N.; Vik, J.O.; Mysterud, A.; Gaillard, J.M.; Tucker, C.J.; Stenseth, N.C. Using the satellite-derived NDVI to assessecological responses to environmental change.. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2005; 20, 503-510.
12. Wang, T.; Kou, X.; Xiong, Y.; Mou, P.; Wu, J.; Ge, J. Temporal and spatial patterns of NDVI and their relationship to precipitation in the Loess Plateau of China.. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2010; 31, 1943-1958.
13. NASA-Earth Observatory (NASA-EO). Measuring vegetation (NDVI & EVI). Available at http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/MeasuringVegetation/measuring_vegetation_2.php (accessed online 16 December 2014).
14. Aitchison, J. The Statistical Analysis of Compositional Data; Chapman and Hall: London, UK, 1986.
15. Aitchison, J.; Greenacre, M. Biplots of compositional data.. Appl. Stat. 2009; 51, 375-392.
16. Filzmoser, P.; Hron, K.; Reimann, C. Principal component analysis for compositional data with outliers.. Environmetrics 2009; 20, 621-632.
17. Hron, K.; Jelinkov, M.; Filzmoser, P.; Kreuziger, R.; Bednar, P.; Bartak, P. Statistical analysis of wines using a robust compositional biplot.. Talanta 2012; 90, 46-50.
18. Egozcue, J.J.; Pawlowsky-Glahn,V.; Mateu-Figueraz, G.; Barceló-Vidal, C. Isometric logratio transformations for compositional data analysis.. Math. Geosci. 2003; 35, 279-300.
19. Filzmoser, P.; Hron, K. Outlier detection for compositional data using robust methods.. Math. Geosci. 2008; 40, 233-248.
20. Funk, C. A Climate Trend Analysis of Kenya-August 2010. Available online:http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3074/ (accessed on 12 June 2014).
21. Collier, P.; Conway, G.; Venables, T. Climate change and Africa.. Oxf. Rev. Econ. Policy 2008; 24, 337-353.
22. Hope, K.R. Climate change and poverty in Africa.. Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol. 2009; 16, 451-461.
23. Cooper, P.; Dimes, J.; Rao, K.; Shapiro, B.; Shiferaw, B.; Twomlow, S. Coping better with current climatic variability in the rain-fed arming systems of sub-Saharan Africa: An essential first step in adapting to future climate change?. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2008; 126, 24-35.
24. Durack, P.J.; Wijffels, S.E.; Matear, R.J. Ocean salinities reveal strong global water cycle intensification during 1950 to 2000.. Science 2012; 336, 455-458.
25. Nicholson, S.E. The nature of rainfall variability over Africa on time scales of decades to millenia.. Glob. Planet Chang. 2000; 26, 137-158.
26. Morton, J.; Barton, D. Destocking as a Drought Mitigation Measure: Clarifying rationales and answering critiques.. Disasters. 2002; 26, 213-228.
27. Thornton, P.K.; Jones, P.G.; Ericksen, P.J.; Challinor, A.J. Agriculture and food systems in sub-Saharan Africa in a 4 °C+ world.. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011; 369, 117-136.
28. Muller, C.; Cramer, W.; Hare, W.L.; Lotze-Campen, H. Climate change risks for African agriculture.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2010; 108, 4313-4315.
29. López-Carr, D.; Pricope, N.G.; Aukema, J.E.; Jankowska, M.M.; Funk, C.; Husak, G.; Michaelsen, J. A spatial analysis of population dynamics and climate change in Africa: Potential vulnerability hot spots emerge where precipitation declines and demographic pressures coincide.. Popul. Environ. 2014; 35, 323-339.
30. Justus, F.; Yu, D. Spatial distribution of greenhouse commercial horticulture in Kenya and the role of demographic, infrastructure and topo-edaphic factors.. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2014; 3, 274-296.
31. Ulrich, A.; Speranza, C.I.; Roden, P.; Kiteme, B.; Wiesmann, U.; Nüsser, M. Small-scale farming in semi-arid areas: Livelihood dynamics between 1997 and 2010 in Laikipia, Kenya.. J. Rur. Stud. 2012; 28, 241-251.
32. Sayer, J.; Cassman, K.G. Agricultural innovation to protect the environment.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2013; 110, 8345-8348.
33. Tilman, D.; Balzer, C.; Hill, J.; Befort, B.L. Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2011; 108, 20260-20264.
34. Brondizio, E.S.; Moran, E.F. Human dimensions of climate change: The vulnerability of small farmers in the Amazon.. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 2008; 363, 1803-1809.
35. Kareri, R. Some aspects of the geography of Kenya. In Proceedings of the 2010 Indiana University-Perdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Fulbright Hays Group Projects Symposium, Eldoret, Kenya, 9 July-3 August 2010.
36. Notter, B. Rainfall-Runoff Modeling of Meso-Scale Catchments in the Upper Ewaso Ng'iro Basin, Kenya. Master's Thesis, University of Berne, Bern, Switzerland, 2003.
37. Beck, H.E.; McVicar, T.R.; van Dijk, A.I.J.M.; Schellekens, J.; de Jeu, R.A.M.; Bruijnzeel, L.A. Global evaluation of four AVHRRNDVI data sets: Intercomparison and assessment against Landsat imagery.. Remote Sens. Environ. 2011; 115, 2547-2563.
38. Slayback, D.A.; Pinzon, J.E.; Los, S.O.; Tucker, C.J. Northern hemisphere photosynthetic trends 1982-99.. Glob. Chang. Biol. 2013; 9, 1-15.
39. Samanta, A.; Ganguly, S.; Hashimoto, H.; Devadiga, S.; Vermote, E.; Knyazikhin, Y.; Nemani, R.R.; Myneni, R.B. Amazon forests did not green-up during the 2005 drought.. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010; 37, L05401.
40. World Resources Institute. Download Kenya GIS Data. Available online: http://www.wri.org (accessed on 12 September 2014).
41. Albaladejo, J.P.; Fernandez, J.M.; Soto, J.A. Dealing with distances and transformations for fuzzy C-means clustering of compositional data.. J. Classif. 2012; 29, 144-169.
42. Bannari, A.; Morin, D.; Bonn, F.; Huete, A.R. A review of vegetation indices.. Remote Sens. Rev. 1995; 13, 95-120.
43. Thió-Henestrosa, S.; Martín-Fernández, J.A. Detailed guide to CoDaPack: A freeware compositional software. In Compositional Data Analysis in the Geosciences: From Theory to Practice; Buccianti, A., Mateu-Figueras, G., Pawlowsky-Glahn, V., Eds.; Geological Society:London, UK, 2006; Volume 264, pp. 101-118.
44. Templ, M.; Hron, K.; Filzmoser, P. Robcompositions: Robust Estimation for Compositional Data. Manual and Package, Version 1.3.3. Available online http://cran.r-project.org/package= robCompositions (accessed on 16 December 2014).
45. Smith, P.G. Automated log-ratio analysis of compositional data: Software suited to analysis of habitat preference from radiotracking data.. Bat Res. News 2004; 45, 16.
46. Smith, P.G. Compos Analysis Version 6.3 User's Guide; Smith Ecology Ltd.: Abergavenny, UK, 2010.
47. Jessica, E.; Tierney, J.E.; Smerdon, K.J.; Anchukaitis, R.S. Multidecadal variability in East African hydroclimate controlled by the Indian Ocean. Nature 2013, 493, doi:10.1038/nature11785.
48. Williams, C.A.; Hanan, N.P. ENSO and IOD teleconnections for African ecosystems: Evidence of destructive interference between climate oscillations.. Biogeosciences 2011; 8, 27-40.
49. Nicholson, S.E.; Davenport, M.L.; Malo, A.R. A comparison of the vegetation response to rainfall in the Sahel and East Africa, using normalized difference vegetation index from NOAA AVHRR. Clim. Chang. 1990, 17, 209-241
50. Anyamba, A.; Tucker, C.J.; Eastman, J.R. NDVI anomaly patterns over Africa during the 1997/98 ENSO warm event. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2001, 22, 1847-1859.
51. Luo, J.J.; Zhang, R.; Behera, S.K.; Masumoto, Y.; Jin, F.F.; Lukas, R.; Yamagata, T. Interaction between El Niño and extreme Indian Ocean Dipole.. J. Clim. 2010; 23, 726-742.
52. Huho, J.M.; Mugalavai, E.M. The effects of droughts on food security in Kenya. Int. J. Clim. Chang.:Impacts Resp. 2010, 2, 61-72.
53. International Development Research Center (IDRC). Reducing Vulnerability among Pastoralists in Northern Kenya. Climate Change Adaptation in Africa Program 2009-10 Annual Report; IDRC:Ottawa, ON, Canada, 2010.
54. Longley, C.; Wekesa, M. Improving Drought Response in Pastoral Areas of Kenya; Lessons and recommendations. Available online: http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/ publications-opinionfiles/5299.pdf (accessed on 25 September 2014).
55. Shisanya, C.A. The 1983-1984 drought in Kenya.. J. East. Afric. Res. Dev. 1990; 20, 127-148.
56. Williams, C.A.; Hanan, N.P.; Baker, I.; Collatz, G.J.; Berry, J.; Denning, A.S. Interannual variability of photosynthesis across Africa and its attribution.. J. Geophys. Res. 2008; 113, G04015.
57. Redmon, L.A. Effects of Drought on Plant Growth. Available online: http://hays.agrilife.org/ files/2011/08/May20111_3.pdf (accessed online 25 September 2014).
58. Grünewald, F.; Robins, K.; Odicoh, A.; Nicholson, N. Real Time Evaluation of the Drought Response in the Horn of Africa. Available at http://www.alnap.org/resource/3444.aspx (Accessed on 7 January 2015)
59. Annamalai, H.; Xie, S.P.; McCreary, J.P.; Murtugudde, R. Impact of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature on developing El Niño.. J. Clim. 2005; 18, 302-319.
60. Anyamba, A.; Eastman, J.R. Interannual variability of NDVI over Africa and its relation to El Nino Southern Oscillation.. Int. J. Remote Sens. 1996; 17, 2533-2548.
61. McNaughton, S.J.; Sala, O.E.; Oesterheld, M. Ecosystem-level pattern of pri-mary productivity and herbivory in terrestrial habitats.. Nature 1989; 341, 142-144.
62. Lyon, B.; DeWitt, D. A recent and abrupt decline in the East African long rains.. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2012; 39, L02702.
63. Nicholson, S.E.; Kim, J. The relationship of the El Niño Southern Oscillation to African rainfall.. Int. J. Climatol. 1997; 17, 117-135.