Status and Developments of Drying Low Rank Coal with Superheated Steam in China

Drying Technology

Volumn 33, Issue 9, 2015, Pages 1086-1100

  Zhu, Jialing ^a   Wang, Qiulin ^a   Lu, Xinli ^b  

^a TIANJIN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cleaning coal technology; Energy efficiency; Heat and mass transfer; Low rank coal (LRC); Superheated steam drying (SSD)

Indexed keywords

COAL; COAL INDUSTRY; COAL RESEARCH; DRYING; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; GAS EMISSIONS; GREENHOUSE GASES; HEAT TRANSFER; MASS TRANSFER; SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION; STEAM;

CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGIES; COAL TECHNOLOGIES; HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER; HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER PROCESS; LARGE-SCALE POWER PLANTS; LOW RANK COALS; RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS; SUPERHEATED STEAM DRYING;

COAL COMBUSTION;

EID: 84930014494     PISSN: 07373937     EISSN: 15322300     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2014.942914     Document Type: Article

References (124)

1. Academic Division of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The report of Chinese energy development science strategy for 2011–2020. Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2010, 25(3), 307–308.
2. Strumillo, C. Developments in drying. In Jinan Conference on Drying Technology, Jinan, China, October 1–2, 1999.
3. Mujumdar, A.S. An overview of innovation in industrial drying: Current status and R&D needs. Transport in Porous Media 2007, 66, 3–18.
4. Białobrzewski, I.; Zielińska, M.; Mujumdar, A.S.; Markowski, M. Heat and mass transfer during drying of a bed of shrinking particles—Simulation for carrot cubes dried in a spout-fluidized-bed drier. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2008, 51(19), 4704–4716.
5. The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. State Council release the notice of energy development in twelfth five-year planning. http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2013-01/23/content_2318554.htm
6. Faber, E.F.; Heydenrych, M.D.; Seppa, R.V.I.; Hicks, R.E. A technoeconomic compression of air and steam drying. In Drying' 86, Vol. 2; Mujumdar, A.S. Ed.; Hemisphere: New York, 1986; 588–594.
7. Mujumdar, A.S. Superheated Steam Drying: Principles Practice and Potential for Use of Electricity. Report No. 817, U 671; Canadian Electrical Association: Montreal, QC, Canada, 1990.
8. Wilver, P.J.; Brumbaugh, C.A. Thermal drying of low rank coals using the fluid bed method. In Proceedings of the 13th Biennial Lignite Symposium, Bismarck, ND, May 21–23, 1985.
9. Beamish, B.B.; Barakat, M.A.; St. George, J.D. Spontaneous-combustion propensity of New Zealand coals under adiabatic conditions. International Journal of Coal Geology 2001, 45, 217–224.
10. Beamish, B.B.; Arisoy, A. Effect of mineral matter on coal self-heating rate. Fuel 2008, 87, 125–130.
11. Ejlali, A.; Aminossadati, S.M.; Hooman, K.; Beamish, B.B. A new criterion to design reactive coal stockpiles. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 2009, 36, 669–673.
12. Ejlali, A.; Mee, D.J.; Hooman, K.; Beamish, B.B. Numerical modelling of the self-heating process of a wet porous medium. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2011, 54, 5200–5206.
13. Bongers, G.D.; Jackson, W.R.; Woskoboenko, F.Pressurized steam drying of Australians low rank coals part I. Equilibrium moisture contents. Fuel Processing Technology 1998, 57(1), 41–54.
14. Suwono, A.; Hamdani, U. Upgrading the Indonesia's low rank coal by superheated steam drying with tar coating process and its application for preparation of CWM. Coal Preparation 1991, 21, 149–159.
15. Pikon, J.; Mujumdar, A.S. Drying of coal. In Handbook of Industrial Drying, 3rd ed; Mujumdar, A.S. Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2006; 993–1016.
16. Baria, D.N.; Hasan, A.R. Steam/hot water drying of low rank coals. Energy Progress 1986, 6(1), 53–60.
17. Chen, Z.; Wu, W.; Agarwal, P.K. Steam-drying of coal. Part 1. Modeling the behavior of a single particle. Fuel 2000, 79(8), 961–974.
18. Chen, Z.; Agarwal, P.K.; Agnew, J.B. Steam drying of coal. Part 2. Modeling the operation of a fluidized bed drying unit. Fuel 2001, 80(2), 209–223.
19. Looi, A.Y.; Golonka, K.; Rhodes, M. Drying kinetics of single porous particles in superheated steam under pressure. Chemical Engineering Journal 2002, 87(3), 329–338.
20. Woo, M.W.; Stokie, D.; Choo, W.L.; Bhattacharya, S. Master curve behaviour in superheated steam drying of small porous particles. Applied Thermal Engineering 2013, 52(2), 460–467.
21. Hoehne, O.; Lechner, S.; Schreiber, M.; Krautz, H.J. Drying of lignite in a pressurized steam fluidized bed theory and experimentation. Drying Technology 2010, 28(1–3), 5–19.
22. Jangam, S.V.; Karthikeyan, M.; Mujumdar, A.S. A critical assessment of industrial coal drying technologies: Role of energy, emissions, risk and sustainability. Drying Technology 2011, 29(4), 395–407.
23. Klutz, H.J.; Moser, C.; Block, D. WTA Fine Grain Drying—Module for Lignite-Fired Power Plants of the Future; VGB Power Tech.: Essen, Germany, 2006.
24. Karthikeyan, M.; Zhonghua, W.; Mujumdar, A.S. Low-rank coal drying technologies—Current status and new developments. Drying Technology 2009, 27(3), 403–405.
25. Lechner, S.; Höhne, O.; Krautz, H.J. Pressurized steam fluidized bed drying (PSFBD) of lignite: Constructional and process optimization at the BTU test facility and experimental results. Proceedings of the XII Polish Drying Symposium, Lodz, Poland, September 14–16, 2009.
26. RWE Power Ltd. WTA Technology; RWE Power: Essen, Germany, 2011.
27. Wilson, W.G.; Young, B.C.; Irwin, W. Low-rank coal drying advances. Coal 1992, 97(8), 24–27.
28. Liu, Y.; Aziz, M.; Kansha, Y.; Tsutsumi, A. A novel exergy recuperative drying module and its application for energy-saving drying with superheated steam. Chemical Engineering Science 2013, 100(30), 392–401.
29. Fushimi, C.; Kansha, Y.; Aziz, M.; Mochidzuki, K.; Kaneko, S.; Tsutsumi, A.; Matsumoto, K.; Yokohama, K.; Kosaka, K.; Kawamoto, N. Novel drying process based on self-heat recuperation technology. Drying Technology 2011, 29(1), 105–110.
30. Rozgonyi, T.G.; Szigeti, L.Z. Upgrading of high moisture content lignite using saturated steam. Fuel Processing Technology 1985, 10(1), 1–18.
31. Shibata, H.; Ide, M. Combined superheated steam and microwave drying of sintered glass beads: Drying rate curves. Drying Technology 2001, 19(8), 2063–2079.
32. Osman, H.; Jangam, S.V.; Lease, J.D.; Mujumdar, A.S. Drying of low-rank coal (LRC)—A review of recent patents and innovations. Drying Technology 2011, 29(15), 1763–1783.
33. Wu, Y. The trend of drying technology development. Chemical Equipment Technology 1992, 13(3), 34–40 (in Chinese).
34. Cao, C.; Lian, Z. Characteristics and mechanism of SSD. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University 1997, 21, 35–38 (in Chinese).
35. Shi, M.; Yu, W.; Wang, B. On the heat and transfer in porous media. Journal of Southeast University 1994, 24(11), 1–6 (in Chinese).
36. Lian, Z.; Wang, Y.; Li, K.; Jiang, X.; Wang, J. The experiment and research condensed water of SSD. Journal of Laiyang Agricultural College 1998, 15(4), 293–296 (in Chinese).
37. Stanmore, B.R.; Boyd, A.R. Removal of water from brown coal by treatment with steam. Fuel Processing Technology 1978, 4(1), 305–313.
38. van Deventer, H.C.; Heijmans, R.M.H. Drying with superheated steam. Drying Technology 2001, 19(8), 2033–2045.
39. Fei, Y.; Aziz, A.A.; Nasir, S.; Jackson, W.R.; Marshall, M.; Hulston, J.; Chaffee, A.L. The spontaneous combustion behaviour of some low rank coals and a range of dried products. Fuel 2009, 88, 1650–1655.
40. Butler, C.J.; Green, A.M.; Chaffee, A.L. The fate of trace elements during MTE and HTD dewatering of Latrobe Valley brown coals. International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization 2007, 27(4), 210–229.
41. Fagernas, L.; Arpiainen, V.; Kuoppala, E. Organic compounds released in fluidized-bed drying of peat, bark and lignite. Fuel Processing Technology 1991, 29, 107–118.
42. Woskoboenko, F.; Black, C. Pressurised steam drying of Victorian brown coal: Steam equilibrium content. In 6th Australian Coal Science Conference, Newcastle, NSW, Australia, 1994; 473–480.
43. Yu, J.; Tahmasebi, A.; Han, Y.; Yin, F.; Li, X. A review on water in low rank coals: The existence, interaction with coal structure and effects on coal utilization. Fuel Processing Technology 2013, 106(2), 9–20.
44. Allardice, D.J. The Water in Brown Coal; The University of Melbourne: Melbourne Australia, 1968.
45. Allardice, D.J.; Evans, D.G. The brown-coal/water system; Part 1. The effect of temperature on the evolution of water from brown coal. Fuel 1971, 50(2), 201–210.
46. Allardice, D.J.; Evans, D.G. The brown-coal/water system: Part 2 Water sorption isotherms on bed-moist Yallourn brown coal. Fuel 1971, 50(3), 236–253.
47. Allardice, D.J.; Evans, D.G. In Analytical Methods for Coal and Coal Products; Karr, C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1978; 353–354.
48. Vorres, K.S. Effect of temperature, sample size, and gas flow rate on drying on Beulah-Zap lignite and Wyodak subbituminous coal. Energy & Fuels 1994, 8, 320–323.
49. Lynch, I.J.; Webster, D.S. Effect of thermal treatment on the interaction of brown coal and water: A nuclear magnetic resonance study. Fuel 1982, 61, 271–275.
50. Mraw, S.C.; O'Rourke, D.F.; Water in coal pores: The enthalpy of fusion reflects pore size distribution. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 1982, 89, 268–271.
51. Wu, J.; Song, Y.; Zang, C.;. The properties of coal and their effect on the behavior of coal water slurry. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology 1987, 15(4), 298–304 (in Chinese).
52. Zhou, A.; Wang, Z.; Chen, B. Surface properties of macerals from Shenmu coal. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology 1989, 17(4), 381–384 (in Chinese).
53. Le Roux, M.; Campbell, Q.P. An investigation into an improved method of fine coal dewatering. Journal of Minerals Engineering 2003, 16(10), 999–1003.
54. Mraw, S.C.; Naas-O'Rourke, D.F. Water in coal pores: Low-temperature heat capacity behavior of the moisture in Wyodak coal. Science 1979, 205, 901–902.
55. Erdol, N.; Calli, L.; Okutan, H.; Arisoy, A.; Ekinci, E. Effect of coal moisture on particulate emission in a fixed bed combustion appliance. Fuel Processing Technology 1999, 58(2), 107–117.
56. Karthikeyan, M.; Kuma, J.V.M.; Hoe, C.S.; Ngo, D.L.Y. Factors affecting quality of dried low-rank coals. Drying Technology 2007, 25(10), 1601–1611.
57. Tai, L.R. Introduction of Heat and Mass Transfer for Porous Media; Science Press: Beijing, China, l995.
58. Whitaker, S. Simultaneous heat, mass and momentum transfer in porous media: A theory of drying. Advances in Heat Transfer 1977, 13, 119–203.
59. Beeby, C.; Potter, E. Steam drying. In Drying 8; Mujumdar, A. Ed.; Hemisphere Publishing Corporation: Washington, DC, 1985; 41–54.
60. Lian, Z.; Ren, Z.; Jiang, J.; Li, J. A simulation study on inversion point of SSD. Journal of Laiyang Agricultural College 2000, 17(1), 59–62 (in Chinese).
61. Lian, Z.; Jiang, J.; Jiang, X. Compare for the experimental of superheated steam and hot air drying. Cereals and Oils Processing 2000, 266(2), 14–16 (in Chinese).
62. Zhang, Z.; Yang, S. Mechanism and mathematical model of heat and mass transfer during convection drying of porous media. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering 1997, 48(2), 52–59 (in Chinese).
63. Yuan, Y.; Yang, B.; Yang, J.; Liu, X. Fractal pore network simulation on the drying of porous media: II. Experimental study and numerical simulation. Journal of China Agricultural University 2007, 12(4), 55–60 (in Chinese).
64. Wang, L. Numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer in drying process of moist porous media. Ms.D. thesis, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China, 2011.
65. Li, H. Study on the optimization simulation and scheduling of multi-effect drying system. Ph.D. thesis, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, 2012.
66. Mastumoto, S.; Pei, D.C. A mathematical analysis of pneumatic drying of grains—Constant drying rate. International Journal of Heat Transfer 1984, 27(6), 843–849.
67. Martin, H.; Saleh, A.H. The drying of fine granular material in a pneumatic drier. International Chemical Engineering 1984, 24(1), 13–22.
68. Chen, Z.; Wu, W.; Agarwal, P.K. Steam-drying of coal Part 1: Modeling the behavior of a single particle. Fuel 2000, 79(8), 961–973.
69. Shi, Y.; Li, J.; Li, X.; Wang, C.; Zhao, G.; Yin, F. Drying kinetics of condensation stage in super-heated steam drying. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE) 2012, 28(13), 211–216 (in Chinese).
70. Yu, X.; Liao, H.; Zhai, J.; Zhan, Z.; Zhao, X. Lignite drying with steam tube rotary dryer and its heat transfer characteristics. Clean Coal Technology 2013, 19(1), 52–54 (in Chinese).
71. National Bureau of Statistics of China. Statistical communique of National Science and technology funds input in 2011. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rdpcgb/qgrdpcgb/t20121025_402845404.htm.
72. 973 Program. Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China. http://www.973.gov.cn/Default_3.aspx.
73. Zhao, W.; Liu, J.; Zhou, J.; Cen, K. Investigation on the isothermal dewatering of brown coal by thermo balance. Proceedings of the CSEE 2009, 29(14), 74–79 (in Chinese).
74. Guo, X.; Liu, M.; Xiao, F.; Yan, J.; Zhong, D. Theoretical study on a pre-dried lignite-fired power system with waste heat recovery. Proceedings of the CSEE 2012, 8(3), 44–49 (in Chinese).
75. Yu, Y.; Liu, J.; Wang, C.; Hu, Y.; Zhou, J.; Cen, K. Status quo of development in dewatering for upgrading low rank coal. Thermal Power Generation 2011, 40(9), 1–4 (in Chinese).
76. Dong, P.; Yue, J.; Gao, S.; Xu, G. Influence of thermal pretreatment on pyrolysis of lignite. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology 2012, 40(8), 897–905 (in Chinese).
77. Hao, Z.; Wu, Y.; Lu, J. Modeling of single lignite particle drying process in flue gas, Proceedings of the CSEE 2012, 32(11), 47–53 (in Chinese).
78. Zhang, B. Present status of wood drying technology in China and development tendency at home and abroad. Journal of Beijing Forestry University 2002, 24(5/6), 262–266 (in Chinese).
79. Zhang, B.; Yi, S.; Cui, X. Characteristics of moisture movement on wood drying under vacuum superheat steam. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics 2002, 23(6), 169–172 (in Chinese).
80. He, Z.; Li, F.; Yi, S.; Zhang, B. A model of water evaporation rate from wood surface and its application under vacuum condition. Journal of Beijing Forestry University 2010, 32(6), 105–108 (in Chinese).
81. Defo, M.; Fortin, Y.; Cloutier, A. Modeling superheated steam vacuum drying of wood. Drying Technology 2007, 6(2), 2231–2253.
82. Pang, S.; Pearson, H. Experimental investigation and practical application of superheated steam drying technology for softwood timber. Drying Technology 2007, 6(2), 2079–2094.
83. Jia, D.; Feng, X.; Yi, S. Comparision of vacuum drying and conventional drying for poplar wood. Journal of Beijing Forestry University 2009, 31, 108–111 (in Chinese).
84. Li, X.; Zhang, B.; Yang, T.; Wang, Q. Determination of preheating time during wood drying. Journal of Beijing Forestry University 2004, 26(2), 90–93 (in Chinese).
85. Cheng, W.; Liu, Y.; Qi, H.; Morooka, T.; Norimoto, M. Shrinkage stress of wood during drying under superheated steam (I): The characteristics of radial shrinkage stress. Journal of Northeast Forestry University 2004, 32(6), 32–34 (in Chinese).
86. Cheng, W.; Liu, Y.; Morooka, T.; Norimoto, M. Characteristics of shrinkage stress of wood during drying under high temperature and high pressure steam conditions. Journal of Beijing Forestry University 2005, 27(2), 101–106 (in Chinese).
87. Qi, H.; Cheng, W.; Liu, Y. Mechanical characteristics and chemical compositions of superheated steam-treated wood under high temperature and pressure. Journal of Northeast Forestry University 2005, 33(3), 44–46 (in Chinese).
88. Qi, H.; Liu, Y.; Cheng, W. Thermal stability of superheated steam-treated wood under high temperature and pressure. Journal of Northeast Forestry University 2009, 37(9), 76–78 (in Chinese).
89. Qi, H.; Liu, Y.; Cheng, W. Moisture absorption and desorption characteristics of superheated steam-treated wood under high temperature. Scientia Silvae Sinicae 2010, 46(11), 110–114 (in Chinese).
90. Pronyk, C.; Cenkowski, S.; Muir, W.E.; Lukow, O.M. Effects of superheated steam processing on the textural and physical properties of Asian noodles. Drying Technology 2008, 2(7), 192–203.
91. Bai, L.; Ma, X. Superheated steam drying and the study of its applications in food drying. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research 2008, 9, 158–161 (in Chinese).
92. Shi, R.C.; Jin, Y.C.; Mujumdar, A.S. A preliminary study of steam drying of silkworm cocoons. Drying Technology 1992, 10(1), 251–260.
93. Chen, J.; Ma, X.; Bai, L.; Wang, J. Study on drying ethanol draft with intermittent superheated steam. Chemical Engineering (China) 2010, 38(1), 14–17 (in Chinese).
94. Lian, Z.; Cao, C. A mathematical model on thin-layer drying of corn with superheated steam. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery 1999, 30(6), 68–72 (in Chinese).
95. Zhao, S.; Liu, Y.; Xiong, S.; Tan, R. Water diffusion properties of instant rice noodles under high temperature and high moisture drying condition. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University 2003, 22(3), 285–288 (in Chinese).
96. Gong, Y.; Niu, H.; Xiao, Z.; Liu, X.; Yang, D. Simulation on rapeseed drying in superheated steam fluidized bed at atmosphere pressure. Transactions of the CSAE 2010, 26(4), 351–356 (in Chinese).
97. Xiao, Z.; Wu, N.; Liu, X. Experiment on flow characteristics of fluidized bed drying with superheated steam. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery 2013, 44(7), 183–186 (in Chinese).
98. Liu, Y.; Xia, S.; Yu, H.; Zhu, J.; Zhou, Y.; Guo, S.; Wang, J. Experimental investigation on production of granular MAP by reaction and drying in a superheated steam fluidized bed. Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer 2007, 22(5), 26–28 (in Chinese).
99. Du, H.; Luo, R.; Cheng, D.; Zhang, C.; Zhu, J. Experimental investigation on granulation conditions for production of granular MAP by spray process in superheated steam fluidized bed. Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering (Natural Science Edition) 2010, 23(6), 734–740 (in Chinese).
100. Karthikeyan, M. Minimization of moisture readsorption in dried coal samples. Drying Technology 2008, 7(26), 948–955.
101. Shi, D.; Zhao, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Chen, C.; Qin, Y. Influence of vibrated fluidized bed parameters on fine lignite separation. Clean Coal Technology 2013, 19(3), 1–5 (in Chinese).
102. Pan, Y. The characteristic of drying process and research strategy on drying technology. Chemical Engineering 1997, 25(3), 37–41 (in Chinese).
103. He, Q.; Wang, D. Influence of moisture on absorbed oxygen and released heat of coal. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology 2005, 34(3), 358–362 (in Chinese).
104. Liu, D. The 14th International Conference on Heat Transfer in Washington. Drying Technology & Equipment 2010, 8(5), 193–195 (in Chinese).
105. Yang, X.; Zhao, Y. Brown coal drying processes—A review. In Materials for Renewable Energy & Environment (ICMREE), Shanghai, China, May 20–22, 2011.
106. Yu, J.; Tahmasebi, A.; Li, X.; Han, Y.; Yin, F. Research on lignite drying and upgrading technology and its binderless briquetting. Clean Coal Technology 2012, 18(2), 35–38 (in Chinese).
107. Yu, X.; Liao, H.; Zhan, Z.; Zhao, X. Research on drying of Indonesia's high moisture lignite. Clean Coal Technology 2012, 18(2), 39–42 (in Chinese).
108. Liu, X. Introduction of the 11th International Drying Conference (IDS'98). Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress 1999, 1, 60–61 (in Chinese).
109. Ewera, J.; Klutz, H.J.; Renzenbrink, W.; Schefflcnecht, G. Development of pre-drying and BoA-Plus technology. VGB Powertech 2003, 83(11).
110. Dincer, I.; Rosen, M.A. Energy, environmental and sustainable development. Applied Energy 1999, 46, 427–440.
111. Dincer, I.; Sahin, A.Z. Incorporation of the Dincer number into the moisture diffusion equation. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 2004, 31(1), 109–119.
112. Taechapairoj, C.; Dhuchakallaya, I.; Soponronnarit, S.; Wetchacama, S.; Prachayawarakorn, S. Superheated steam fluidised bed paddy drying. Journal of Food Engineering 2003, 58(1), 67–73.
113. Shi, Y.; Jiang, B.; Huang, L.; Li, S.; Dong, X.; Dou, G.; Miao, S. The multieffect predrying system and process of superheated steam drying lignite. Chinese patent CN: 101581532, 2009.
114. http://www.cec.org.cn/hangyeguangjiao/qiyezixun/2013-07-05/105285.html
115. Zhu, C.; Yang, X.; Shao, X. Techniques for low rank coal dewatering and drying. Clean Coal Technology 2013, 19(1), 41–47 (in Chinese).
116. Wang, X.; Xiao, C. Progress of drying technology in China during the latest three decades. Drying Technology & Equipment 2004, 4(3), 155–156 (in Chinese).
117. Dong, A.; Zhang, S. Study on single lignite particle drying process by hot gas. Coal Conversion 2013, 36(1), 59–64 (in Chinese).
118. Qi, Q.; Huang, S.; Yang, S.; Guo, R.; Dong, Z. Study on drying upgrading and flow characteristic of lignite in vertical pipe dryer. Coal Conversion 2013, 36(2), 11–15 (in Chinese).
119. Wang, A.; Cheng, J.; Liu, J.; Zhou, J.; Cen, K. Effect of microwave on drying and slurryability of lignite. Energy Engineering 2012, 1, 1–5 (in Chinese).
120. Wang, C.; Dong, J.; Bai, X.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, F.; Qi, C.; Li, X. Experimental investigation on deep dewatering of lignite. Clean Coal Technology 2012, 18(1), 49–52 (in Chinese).
121. Wu, Y.; Chu, M.; Chang, Z.; Fan, T.; Hong, A. Drying upgrading affected to surface structure of lignite. Coal Engineering 2012, 2, 99–101 (in Chinese).
122. Yang, Y.; Liu, X.; Jing, X.; Li, Z.; Chang, Y. Effect of drying time on the change of pore structure and re-adsorption behavior of lignite. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology 2013, 44(4), 417–421 (in Chinese).
123. Zhou, G.; Wu, J.; Li, G.; Li, X.; Hu, X.; Shang, Y.; Cai, Z. Study on different dry methods affected to porous structure of lignite and re-adsorption characteristic. Coal Science and Technology 2012, 40(10), 100–103 (in Chinese).
124. Shen, W.; Liu, J.; Yu, Y.; Zhou, J.; Cen, K. Advance research on low grade heat source drying low-rank coal technology. Thermal Power Generation 2013, 42(5), 1–6 (in Chinese).