Yoga for military service personnel with PTSD: A single arm study

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 555-562

  Johnston, Jennifer M ^a   Minami, Takuya ^b   Greenwald, Deborah ^c   Li, Chieh ^c   Reinhardt, Kristen ^d   Khalsa, Sat Bir S ^e  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON   (United States)

^c NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OREGON   (United States)

^e BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Complementary and integrative medicine; Military service personnel; Posttraumatic stress disorder; PTSD; Yoga

Indexed keywords

ADULT; COPING BEHAVIOR; EVALUATION STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MINDFULNESS; PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVIEW; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; SOLDIER; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VETERAN; YOGA;

ADULT; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERVIEW, PSYCHOLOGICAL; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MILITARY PERSONNEL; MINDFULNESS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; RESILIENCE, PSYCHOLOGICAL; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VETERANS; YOGA;

EID: 84929884902     PISSN: 19429681     EISSN: 1942969X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/tra0000051     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revised): DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
2. Baer, R. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 125-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg015
3. Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504
4. Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., . . . Williams, J. M. (2008). Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment, 15, 329-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191107313003
5. Becker, M. J. (1988). Synthesizing standardized mean-change measures. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 41, 257-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8317.1988.tb00901.x
6. Beidel, D. C., Frueh, B. C., Uhde, T. W., Wong, N., & Mentrikoski, J. M.(2011). Multicomponent behavioral treatment for chronic combatrelated posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 224-231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.09.006
7. Benson, H. (1975). The relaxation response. New York, NY: Avon.
8. Blake, D., Weathers, F., Nagy, L., Kaloupek, D., Klauminzer, G., Charney, D., . . . Buckley, T. C. (2000). Instruction manual: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Behavioral Science Division-Boston; Neurosciences Division-West Haven.
9. Brown, R. P., & Gerbarg, P. L. (2009). Yoga breathing, meditation, and longevity. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1172, 54-62.http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04394.x
10. Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31, 23-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-007-9130-7
11. Chan, C. L., Chan, T. H., & Ng, S. M. (2006). The Strength-Focused and Meaning-Oriented Approach to Resilience and Transformation (SMART): A body-mind-spirit approach to trauma management. Social Work in Health Care, 43 (2-3), 9-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J010v43n02-03
12. Chard, K. M., Schumm, J. A., Owens, G. P., & Cottingham, S. M. (2010). A comparison of OEF and OIF veterans and Vietnam veterans receiving cognitive processing therapy. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23, 25-32.
13. Cicchetti, D., Fontana, A., & Showalter, D. (2009). Evaluating the reliability of multiple assessments of PTSD symptomatology: Multiple examiners, one patient. Psychiatry Research, 166, 269-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.01.014. Epub 2009 Mar 17.
14. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences(2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
15. Descilo, T., Vedamurtachar, A., Gerbarg, P. L., Nagaraja, D., Gangadhar, B. N., Damodaran, B., . . . Brown, R. P. (2010). Effects of a yoga breath intervention alone and in combination with an exposure therapy forpost-traumatic stress disorder and depression in survivors of the 2004 South-East Asia tsunami. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 121, 289-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01466.x
16. Field, T. (2011). Yoga clinical research review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 17, 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2010.09.007
17. First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (1997). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Clinician Version (SCID-CV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
18. Foa, E. B., Keane, T. M., Friedman, M. J., & Cohen, J. A. (2009). Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
19. Frueh, B. C., Grubaugh, A. L., Elhai, J. D., & Buckley, T. C. (2007). US Department of Veterans Affairs disability policies for posttraumatic stress disorder: Administrative trends and implications for treatment, rehabilitation, and research. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 2143-2145. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.115436
20. Frueh, B. C., Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., Mirabella, R. F., & Jones, W. J. (1996). Trauma management therapy: A preliminary evaluation of a multicomponent behavioral treatment for chronic combat-related PTSD. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 533-543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(96)00020-4
21. Garfinkel, M., & Schumacher, H. R., Jr. (2000). Yoga. Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America, 26, 125-132, x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0889-857X(05)70126-5
22. Jakupcak, M., Roberts, L. J., Martell, C., Mulick, P., Michael, S., Reed, R., . . . McFall, M. (2006). A pilot study of behavioral activation for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19, 387-391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.20125
23. Jakupcak, M., Wagner, A., Paulson, A., Varra, A., & McFall, M. (2010). Behavioral activation as a primary care-based treatment for PTSD and depression among returning veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23, 491-495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.20543
24. Jonas, W. B., & Chez, R. A. (2004). Toward optimal healing environments in health care. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 10 (Suppl. 1), S1-S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/1075553042245818
25. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 144-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016
26. Khalsa, S. B. (2004). Yoga as a therapeutic intervention: A bibliometric analysis of published research studies. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 48, 269-285.
27. Kulkarni, D. D., & Bera, T. K. (2009). Yogic exercises and health-A psycho-neuro immunological approach. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 53, 3-15.
28. Li, A. W., & Goldsmith, C. A. (2012). The effects of yoga on anxiety and stress. Alternative Medicine Review, 17, 21-35.
29. Martarelli, D., & Pompei, P. (2009). Oxidative stress and antioxidant changes during a 24-hours mountain bike endurance exercise in master athletes. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 49, 122-127.
30. McLay, R. N., Wood, D. P., Webb-Murphy, J. A., Spira, J. L., Wiederhold, M. D., Pyne, J. M., & Wiederhold, B. K. (2011). A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combatrelated post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14, 223-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0003
31. Minami, T., Serlin, R. C., Wampold, B. E., Kircher, J. C., & Brown, G. S. (2008). Using Clinical Trials to Benchmark Effects Produced in Clinical Practice. Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, 42, 513-525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-006-9057-z
32. Mitchell, K. S., Dick, A. M., DiMartino, D. M., Smith, B. N., Niles, B., Koenen, K. C., & Street, A. (2014). A pilot study of a randomized controlled trial of yoga as an intervention for PTSD symptoms in women. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27, 121-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.21903
33. Monson, C. M., Schnurr, P. P., Resick, P. A., Friedman, M. J., Young-Xu, Y., & Stevens, S. P. (2006). Cognitive processing therapy for veterans with military-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 898-907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.898
34. Morris, S. B. (2000). Distribution of the standardized mean change effect size for meta-analyses on repeat measures. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 53, 17-29.
35. Netz, Y., & Lidor, R. (2003). Mood alterations in mindful versus aerobic exercise modes. The Journal of Psychology, 137, 405-419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980309600624
36. Olivo, E. L. (2009). Protection throughout the life span: The psychoneuroimmunologic impact of Indo-Tibetan meditative and yogic practices. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1172, 163-171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04415.x
37. Osuch, E., & Engel, C. C., Jr. (2004). Research on the treatment of trauma spectrum responses: The role of the optimal healing environment and neurobiology. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 10 (Suppl. 1), S211-S221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/1075553042245944
38. Pal, G. K., Velkumary, S., & Madanmohan. (2004). Effect of short-term practice of breathing exercises on autonomic functions in normal human volunteers. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 120, 115-121.
39. Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L. F., Ready, D., Graap, K., & Alarcon, R. D. (2001). Virtual reality exposure therapy for Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62, 617-622. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v62n0808
40. Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 316-331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1987.tb03541.x
41. Schnurr, P. P., Friedman, M. J., Foy, D. W., Shea, M. T., Hsieh, F. Y., Lavori, P. W., . . . Bernardy, N. C. (2003). Randomized trial of traumafocused group therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: Results from a department of veterans affairs cooperative study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 481-489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.5.481
42. Serber, E. (2000). Stress management through yoga. International Journal of Yoga Therapy, 10, 11-16.
43. Shelov, D. V., Suchday, S., & Friedberg, J. P. (2009). A pilot study measuring the impact of yoga on the trait of mindfulness. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 37, 595-598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1352465809990361
44. Simard, A. A., & Henry, M. (2009). Impact of a short yoga intervention on medical students' health: A pilot study. Medical Teacher, 31, 950-952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01421590902874063
45. Staples, J. K., Hamilton, M. F., & Uddo, M. (2013). A yoga program for the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans. Military Medicine, 178, 854-860. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00536
46. Streeter, C. C., Gerbarg, P. L., Saper, R. B., Ciraulo, D. A., & Brown, R. P. (2012). Effects of yoga on the autonomic nervous system, gammaaminobutyric-acid, and allostasis in epilepsy, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Medical Hypotheses, 78, 571-579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2012.01.021
47. Streeter, C. C., Jensen, J. E., Perlmutter, R. M., Cabral, H. J., Tian, H.,Terhune, D. B., . . . Renshaw, P. F. (2007). Yoga Asana sessions increase brain GABA levels: A pilot study. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 13, 419-426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acm .2007.6338
48. Streeter, C. C., Whitfield, T. H., Owen, L., Rein, T., Karri, S. K., Yakhkind, A., . . . Jensen, J. E. (2010). Effects of yoga versus walking on mood, anxiety, and brain GABA levels: A randomized controlled MRS study. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 16, 1145-1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acm.2010.0007
49. Subramanya, P., & Telles, S. (2009). Effect of two yoga-based relaxation techniques on memory scores and state anxiety. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 3, 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0759-3-8
50. Tan, G., Dao, T. K., Farmer, L., Sutherland, R. J., & Gevirtz, R. (2011). Heart rate variability (HRV) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A pilot study. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 36, 27-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10484-010-9141-y
51. Telles, S., Singh, N., & Balkrishna, A. (2012). Managing mental health disorders resulting from trauma through yoga: A review. Depression Research and Treatment, 2012, ID 401513, 9 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/401513
52. van der Kolk, B. A. (2006). Clinical implications of neuroscience research in PTSD. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1071, 277-293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1364.022
53. van der Kolk, B. A., Stone, L., West, J., Rhodes, A., Emerson, D., Suvak, M., & Spinazzola, J. (2014). Yoga as an adjunctive treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 75, e559-e565. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.13m08561
54. Wade, W. A., Treat, T. A., & Stuart, G. L. (1998). Transporting an empirically supported treatment for panic disorder to a service clinic setting: A benchmarking strategy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 231-239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.66.2.231
55. Wagnild, G. (2009). A review of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 17, 105-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.17.2 .105
56. Wagnild, G., & Young, H. M. (1990). Resilience among older women. Image: the Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 22, 252-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1990.tb00224.x
57. Weathers, F. W., Keane, T. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2001). Clinicianadministered PTSD scale: A review of the first ten years of research. Depression and Anxiety, 13, 132-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.1029