메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-361

Drug-crime connections

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84929733305     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511611315     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (23)

References (244)
  • 1
    • 84929759576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: HMSO
    • Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. (1998). Drugs and the Environment. London: HMSO.
    • (1998) Drugs and the Environment
  • 2
    • 0033837582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of outcomes by gender and for fee-for-service versus managed care. A study of nine community programs
    • Alterman, A. I., Randall, M., and McLellan, A. T. (2000). Comparison of outcomes by gender and for fee-for-service versus managed care. A study of nine community programs. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 19: 127-134.
    • (2000) Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , vol.19 , pp. 127-134
    • Alterman, A.I.1    Randall, M.2    McLellan, A.T.3
  • 9
    • 0013138255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: Institute for the Study of Drug Dependence
    • Baker, O. (1997). Drug Misuse in Britain. London: Institute for the Study of Drug Dependence.
    • (1997) Drug Misuse in Britain
    • Baker, O.1
  • 10
    • 0010358966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exeter: Schools Health Education Unit
    • Balding, J. (2005). Young People in 2004. Exeter: Schools Health Education Unit.
    • (2005) Young People in 2004
    • Balding, J.1
  • 11
    • 4043135196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Break this murderous fashion
    • Tuesday 7 January. Retrieved 10 April 2007 from
    • Barker, P. (2003). Break this murderous fashion. The Guardian, Tuesday 7 January. Retrieved 10 April 2007 from http: //www. guardian. co. uk/comment/story/0, 869917, 00. html.
    • (2003) The Guardian
    • Barker, P.1
  • 12
    • 0036242420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of alcohol use to delinquency and illicit drug use in adolescents: Gender, age, and racial/ethnic differences
    • Barnes, G. M., Welte, J. W., and Hoffman, J. H. (2002). Relationship of alcohol use to delinquency and illicit drug use in adolescents: gender, age, and racial/ethnic differences. Journal of Drug Issues 32: 153-178.
    • (2002) Journal of Drug Issues , vol.32 , pp. 153-178
    • Barnes, G.M.1    Welte, J.W.2    Hoffman, J.H.3
  • 13
    • 0031874985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of crack cocaine on robbery, burglary, and homicide rates: A cross-city longitudinal analysis
    • Baumer, E., Lauritsen, J. L., Rosenfeld, R., and Wright, R. (1998). The influence of crack cocaine on robbery, burglary, and homicide rates: a cross-city longitudinal analysis. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 35 (3): 316-340.
    • (1998) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 316-340
    • Baumer, E.1    Lauritsen, J.L.2    Rosenfeld, R.3    Wright, R.4
  • 16
    • 4043085552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gang membership, drugs and crime in the UK
    • Bennett, T., and Holloway, K. (2004). Gang membership, drugs and crime in the UK. British Journal of Criminology 44 (3): 305-323.
    • (2004) British Journal of Criminology , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 305-323
    • Bennett, T.1    Holloway, K.2
  • 18
    • 85044802967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possession and use of illegal guns among offenders in England and Wales
    • Bennett, T., and Holloway, K. (2004b). Possession and use of illegal guns among offenders in England and Wales. Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 43 (3): 237-252.
    • (2004) Howard Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 237-252
    • Bennett, T.1    Holloway, K.2
  • 22
    • 84929746708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in explanations for the link between drug misuse and crime
    • Paper accepted for publication by the
    • Bennett, T., and Holloway, K. (2006). Variations in explanations for the link between drug misuse and crime. Paper accepted for publication by the Journal of Psychoactive Drugs.
    • (2006) Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
    • Bennett, T.1    Holloway, K.2
  • 23
    • 84929801735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The statistical association between drug misuse and crime: A meta-analysis
    • (in press)
    • Bennett, T., Holloway, K., and Farrington, D. P. (in press). The statistical association between drug misuse and crime: a meta-analysis. Journal of Drug Issues.
    • Journal of Drug Issues
    • Bennett, T.1    Holloway, K.2    Farrington, D.P.3
  • 24
    • 4244005777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Research Findings No. 148). Home Office Research and Statistics Directorate. London: Home Office
    • Bennett, T., Holloway, K., and Williams, T. (2001). Drug Use among Arrestees (Research Findings No. 148). Home Office Research and Statistics Directorate. London: Home Office.
    • (2001) Drug Use among Arrestees
    • Bennett, T.1    Holloway, K.2    Williams, T.3
  • 27
    • 0035034069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic and gender differences in drinking and smoking among London adolescents
    • Best, D., Rawaf, S., Rowley, J., Floyd, K., Manning, V., and Strang, J. (2001a). Ethnic and gender differences in drinking and smoking among London adolescents. Ethnicity and Health 6 (1): 51-57.
    • (2001) Ethnicity and Health , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-57
    • Best, D.1    Rawaf, S.2    Rowley, J.3    Floyd, K.4    Manning, V.5    Strang, J.6
  • 29
    • 27844591930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance misuse among white and black/mixed race female prisoners
    • M. Ramsay, editor, (Home Office Research Study 267), London: Home Office
    • Borrill, J., Maden, A., Martin, A., et al. (2003). Substance misuse among white and black/mixed race female prisoners. In: M. Ramsay, editor. Prisoners’ Drug Use and Treatment: Seven Studies (Home Office Research Study 267: pp. 49-71). London: Home Office.
    • (2003) Prisoners’ Drug Use and Treatment: Seven Studies , pp. 49-71
    • Borrill, J.1    Maden, A.2    Martin, A.3
  • 30
    • 0036914054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug use and initiation in prison: Results from a national survey in England and Wales
    • Boys, A., Farrell, M., Bebbington, P., et al. (2002). Drug use and initiation in prison: results from a national survey in England and Wales. Addiction 97: 1551-1560.
    • (2002) Addiction , vol.97 , pp. 1551-1560
    • Boys, A.1    Farrell, M.2    Bebbington, P.3
  • 32
    • 0038049864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Research, Development and Statistics Directorate Occasional Paper 74). London: Home Office
    • Bramley-Harker, E. (2001). Sizing the UK Market for Illicit Drugs (Research, Development and Statistics Directorate Occasional Paper 74). London: Home Office.
    • (2001) Sizing the UK Market for Illicit Drugs
    • Bramley-Harker, E.1
  • 33
    • 0031973905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ameta-analysis of predictors of continued drug use during and after treatment for opiate addiction
    • Brewer, D. D., Catalano, R. F., Haggerty, K., Gainey, R. R., and Fleming, C. B. (1998). Ameta-analysis of predictors of continued drug use during and after treatment for opiate addiction. Addiction 93 (1): 73-92.
    • (1998) Addiction , vol.93 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-92
    • Brewer, D.D.1    Catalano, R.F.2    Haggerty, K.3    Gainey, R.R.4    Fleming, C.B.5
  • 34
    • 0026545309 scopus 로고
    • Drug testing and pretrial misconduct: An experiment on the specific deterrent effects of drug monitoring dependents on pretrial release
    • Britt, C. L., Gottfredson, M. R., and Goldkamp, J. S. (1992). Drug testing and pretrial misconduct: an experiment on the specific deterrent effects of drug monitoring dependents on pretrial release. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 29 (1): 62-78.
    • (1992) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-78
    • Britt, C.L.1    Gottfredson, M.R.2    Goldkamp, J.S.3
  • 35
    • 11944254655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of Montreal. Retrieved 10 July 2003 from
    • Brochu, S. (2001). The Relationship between Drugs and Crime. University of Montreal. Retrieved 10 July 2003 from http: //www. parl. gc. ca/37/1/parlbus/commbus/senate/Com-e/ille-e/presentation-e/brochue. htm.
    • (2001) The Relationship between Drugs and Crime
    • Brochu, S.1
  • 36
    • 0033830385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance misuse as a marker of vulnerability among male prisoners on remand
    • Brooke, D., Taylor, C., Gunn, J., and Maden, A. (2000). Substance misuse as a marker of vulnerability among male prisoners on remand. British Journal of Psychiatry 177: 248-251.
    • (2000) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.177 , pp. 248-251
    • Brooke, D.1    Taylor, C.2    Gunn, J.3    Maden, A.4
  • 37
    • 8644250688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Online Report 01/03). London: Home Office. Retrieved 10 April 2007 from
    • Brookman, F., and Maguire, M. (2003). Reducing Homicide: A Review of Possibilities (Online Report 01/03). London: Home Office. Retrieved 10 April 2007 from http: //www. homeoffice. gov. uk/rds/pdfs2/rdsolr0103. pdf.
    • (2003) Reducing Homicide: A Review of Possibilities
    • Brookman, F.1    Maguire, M.2
  • 40
    • 84929744136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice. Retrieved 1 September 2004 from
    • Brownstein, H., and Crossland, C. (2002). Drugs and Crime Research Forum: Introduction. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice. Retrieved 1 September 2004 from http: //www. ojp. usdoj. gov/nij/drugscrime/Introduction. pdf.
    • (2002) Drugs and Crime Research Forum: Introduction
    • Brownstein, H.1    Crossland, C.2
  • 46
    • 84929801737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wednesday, 30 April, BBC News, UK Edition, Retrieved 10 April 2007 from
    • Casciani, D. (2003). Did the gun amnesty work? Wednesday, 30 April, BBC News, UK Edition. Retrieved 10 April 2007 from http: //news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk/2988157. stm.
    • (2003) Did the gun amnesty work?
    • Casciani, D.1
  • 47
    • 84929755617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NIJ Ending Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program (ADAM): Experts Agree That Program’s Demise Is a ‘Huge Loss’
    • Center for Substance Abuse Research. (2004). NIJ Ending Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program (ADAM): Experts Agree That Program’s Demise Is a ‘Huge Loss’. CESAR FAX 13 (11): 1.
    • (2004) CESAR FAX , vol.13 , Issue.11 , pp. 1
    • Center for Substance Abuse Research1
  • 48
    • 0000651683 scopus 로고
    • Drugs and predatory crime
    • M. Tonry and J. Q. Wilson, editors, London: University of Chicago Press
    • Chaiken, J. M., and Chaiken, M. R. (1990). Drugs and predatory crime. In: M. Tonry and J. Q. Wilson, editors. Drugs and Crime. London: University of Chicago Press, pp. 203-239.
    • (1990) Drugs and Crime , pp. 203-239
    • Chaiken, J.M.1    Chaiken, M.R.2
  • 49
    • 0028924854 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of drug use from adolescence to the mid-thirties in a general population sample
    • Chen, K., and Kandel, D. B. (1995). The natural history of drug use from adolescence to the mid-thirties in a general population sample. American Journal of Public Health 85 (1): 41-47.
    • (1995) American Journal of Public Health , vol.85 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-47
    • Chen, K.1    Kandel, D.B.2
  • 51
    • 84882038573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homicide
    • K. Coleman, C. Hird, and D. Povey, editors, (Home Office Statistical Bulletin 02/06), London: Home Office
    • Coleman, K., and Cotton, J. (2006). Homicide. In: K. Coleman, C. Hird, and D. Povey, editors. Violent Crime Overview, Homicide and Gun Crime 2004/2005 (Home Office Statistical Bulletin 02/06: 49-70). London: Home Office.
    • (2006) Violent Crime Overview, Homicide and Gun Crime 2004/2005 , pp. 49-70
    • Coleman, K.1    Cotton, J.2
  • 53
    • 84984399243 scopus 로고
    • Expensive drug use and illegal income: A test of explanatory hypotheses
    • Collins, J., Hubbard, R., and Rachal, J. (1985). Expensive drug use and illegal income: a test of explanatory hypotheses. Criminology 23 (4): 743-764.
    • (1985) Criminology , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 743-764
    • Collins, J.1    Hubbard, R.2    Rachal, J.3
  • 57
    • 0028866256 scopus 로고
    • Levels and correlates of polydrug use among heroin users and regular amphetamine users
    • Darke, S., and Hall, W. (1995). Levels and correlates of polydrug use among heroin users and regular amphetamine users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 39 (3): 231-235.
    • (1995) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 231-235
    • Darke, S.1    Hall, W.2
  • 58
    • 0034009254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal heroin overdoses resulting from non-injecting routes of administration, NSW, Australia, 1992-1996
    • Darke, S., and Ross, J. (2000). Fatal heroin overdoses resulting from non-injecting routes of administration, NSW, Australia, 1992-1996. Addiction 95 (4): 569-573.
    • (2000) Addiction , vol.95 , Issue.4 , pp. 569-573
    • Darke, S.1    Ross, J.2
  • 59
    • 12344255163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in the distribution of cocaine and heroin in Central Harlem
    • Davis, W. R., Johnson, B. D., Randolph, D., and Liberty, H. J. (2005). Gender differences in the distribution of cocaine and heroin in Central Harlem. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 77: 115-127.
    • (2005) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.77 , pp. 115-127
    • Davis, W.R.1    Johnson, B.D.2    Randolph, D.3    Liberty, H.J.4
  • 60
    • 4043060044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of organizational features on gang activities and relationships
    • M. W. Klein, H. J. Kerner, C. L. Maxson, and E. G. M. Weitekamp, editors, London: Kluwer Academic
    • Decker, S. (2001). The impact of organizational features on gang activities and relationships. In: M. W. Klein, H. J. Kerner, C. L. Maxson, and E. G. M. Weitekamp, editors. The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U. S. and Europe. London: Kluwer Academic, pp. 21-40.
    • (2001) The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U. S. and Europe , pp. 21-40
    • Decker, S.1
  • 61
    • 0003474794 scopus 로고
    • (September), Research Preview. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice
    • Decker, S., and Pennell, S. (1995, September). Arrestees and Guns: Monitoring the Illegal Firearms Market. Research Preview. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice.
    • (1995) Arrestees and Guns: Monitoring the Illegal Firearms Market
    • Decker, S.1    Pennell, S.2
  • 62
    • 81255151737 scopus 로고
    • St. Louis: Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri-St. Louis
    • Decker, S. H. (1992). Drug Use Forecasting in St. Louis: A Three Year Report. St. Louis: Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri-St. Louis.
    • (1992) Drug Use Forecasting in St. Louis: A Three Year Report
    • Decker, S.H.1
  • 66
    • 0033475778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A synthesis of the relationship of marijuana use with delinquent and problem behaviors
    • Derzon, J. H., and Lipsey, M. W. (1999). A synthesis of the relationship of marijuana use with delinquent and problem behaviors. School Psychology International 20 (1): 57-68.
    • (1999) School Psychology International , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-68
    • Derzon, J.H.1    Lipsey, M.W.2
  • 67
    • 0031310545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of onset and cessation of drug use over the early part of the life course
    • DeWit, D. J., Offord, D. R., and Wong, M. (1997). Patterns of onset and cessation of drug use over the early part of the life course. Health Education and Behavior 24 (6): 746-758.
    • (1997) Health Education and Behavior , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 746-758
    • DeWit, D.J.1    Offord, D.R.2    Wong, M.3
  • 71
    • 33750696152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Home Office Online Research Report 22/05). Retrieved 10 April 2007 from, London: Home Office
    • Dorn, N., Levi, M., and King, L. (2005). Literature Review on Upper Level Drug Trafficking (Home Office Online Research Report 22/05). Retrieved 10 April 2007 from http: //www. homeoffice. gov. uk/rds/pdfs05/rdsolr2205. pdf. London: Home Office.
    • (2005) Literature Review on Upper Level Drug Trafficking
    • Dorn, N.1    Levi, M.2    King, L.3
  • 73
    • 0032328840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs importation and the bifurcation of risk
    • Dorn, N., Oette, L., and White, S. (1998). Drugs importation and the bifurcation of risk. British Journal of Criminology 38 (4): 537-560.
    • (1998) British Journal of Criminology , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 537-560
    • Dorn, N.1    Oette, L.2    White, S.3
  • 75
    • 34447135737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved 10 February 2006 from
    • DrugScope. (2006). Drug Search. Retrieved 10 February 2006 from http: //www. drugscope. org. uk/druginfo/drugsearch/home2. asp.
    • (2006) Drug Search
    • DrugScope1
  • 76
    • 1842616107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heroin use among female adolescents: The role of partner influence in path of initiation and route of administration
    • Eaves, C. S. (2004). Heroin use among female adolescents: the role of partner influence in path of initiation and route of administration. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 30 (1): 21-38.
    • (2004) American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-38
    • Eaves, C.S.1
  • 78
    • 0003736516 scopus 로고
    • (Crime Detection and Prevention Series Paper 50). London: Home Office
    • Edmunds, M., Hough, M., and Urquia, N. (1995). Tackling Local Drug Markets (Crime Detection and Prevention Series Paper 50). London: Home Office.
    • (1995) Tackling Local Drug Markets
    • Edmunds, M.1    Hough, M.2    Urquia, N.3
  • 79
    • 84929801739 scopus 로고
    • (April), Report prepared for the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration/Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention State-of-the-Art Conference on Juvenile Offenders with Serious Drug, Alcohol, and Mental Health Problems
    • Elliott, D. S., and Huizinga, D. (1984, April). The Relationship between Delinquency Behavior and ADM Problems. Report prepared for the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration/Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention State-of-the-Art Conference on Juvenile Offenders with Serious Drug, Alcohol, and Mental Health Problems.
    • (1984) The Relationship between Delinquency Behavior and ADM Problems
    • Elliott, D.S.1    Huizinga, D.2
  • 81
    • 4043147865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Young gang members in a school survey
    • M. W. Klein, H. J. Kerner, C. L. Maxson, and E. G. M. Weitekamp, editors, London: Kluwer Academic
    • Esbensen, F. A., and Lynskey, D. P. (2001). Young gang members in a school survey. In: M. W. Klein, H. J. Kerner, C. L. Maxson, and E. G. M. Weitekamp, editors. The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U. S. and Europe. London: Kluwer Academic, pp. 93-114.
    • (2001) The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U. S. and Europe , pp. 93-114
    • Esbensen, F.A.1    Lynskey, D.P.2
  • 82
    • 0002962411 scopus 로고
    • Social processes of delinquency and drug use among urban gangs
    • C. R. Huff, editor, London: Sage
    • Fagan, J. (1990). Social processes of delinquency and drug use among urban gangs. In: C. R. Huff, editor. Gangs in America. London: Sage, pp. 39-74.
    • (1990) Gangs in America , pp. 39-74
    • Fagan, J.1
  • 83
    • 23044527056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addiction careers and criminal specialization
    • Farabee, D., Joshi, V., and Anglin, D. M. (2001). Addiction careers and criminal specialization. Crime and Delinquency 47 (2): 196-220.
    • (2001) Crime and Delinquency , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 196-220
    • Farabee, D.1    Joshi, V.2    Anglin, D.M.3
  • 85
    • 84955546119 scopus 로고
    • Drug-crime connections: Elaborations from the life histories of hard core heroin addicts
    • Faupel, C. E., and Klockars, C. B. (1987). Drug-crime connections: elaborations from the life histories of hard core heroin addicts. Social Problems 34: 54-68.
    • (1987) Social Problems , vol.34 , pp. 54-68
    • Faupel, C.E.1    Klockars, C.B.2
  • 86
  • 90
    • 85018926524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepines in polydrug using repertoires: The impact of the decreased availability of temazepam gel-filled capsules
    • Fountain, J., Griffiths, P., Farrell, M., Gossop, M., and Strang, J. (1999). Benzodiazepines in polydrug using repertoires: the impact of the decreased availability of temazepam gel-filled capsules. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 6 (1): 61-69.
    • (1999) Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-69
    • Fountain, J.1    Griffiths, P.2    Farrell, M.3    Gossop, M.4    Strang, J.5
  • 91
    • 85005290688 scopus 로고
    • Effects of drug abuse treatment on legal and illegal earnings
    • French, M., and Zarkin, G. (1992). Effects of drug abuse treatment on legal and illegal earnings. Contemporary Policy Issues 10 (2): 98-110.
    • (1992) Contemporary Policy Issues , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 98-110
    • French, M.1    Zarkin, G.2
  • 95
    • 0011909686 scopus 로고
    • The drugs/violence nexus: A tripartite conceptual framework
    • Goldstein, P. J. (1985). The drugs/violence nexus: a tripartite conceptual framework. Journal of Drug Issues 39: 143-174.
    • (1985) Journal of Drug Issues , vol.39 , pp. 143-174
    • Goldstein, P.J.1
  • 98
    • 0037374320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The national treatment outcome research study (NTORS): 4-5 year follow-up results
    • Gossop, M., Marsden, J., Stewart, D., and Kidd, T. (2003). The national treatment outcome research study (NTORS): 4-5 year follow-up results. Addiction 98: 291-303.
    • (2003) Addiction , vol.98 , pp. 291-303
    • Gossop, M.1    Marsden, J.2    Stewart, D.3    Kidd, T.4
  • 99
    • 0036138022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of mortality among drug misusers during a 4-year period after seeking treatment
    • Gossop, M., Steward, T., Treacy, S., and Marsden, J. (2002). A prospective study of mortality among drug misusers during a 4-year period after seeking treatment. Addiction 97: 39-47.
    • (2002) Addiction , vol.97 , pp. 39-47
    • Gossop, M.1    Steward, T.2    Treacy, S.3    Marsden, J.4
  • 100
    • 85039136614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Baltimore City Drug Treatment Court: One-year results from a randomized study
    • Gottfredson, D., and Exum, M. (2002). The Baltimore City Drug Treatment Court: one-year results from a randomized study. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 39 (3): 337-356.
    • (2002) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 337-356
    • Gottfredson, D.1    Exum, M.2
  • 101
    • 85055403229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of drug treatment courts: Evidence from a randomized trial
    • Gottfredson, D. C., Najaka, S. S., and Kearley, B. (2003). Effectiveness of drug treatment courts: evidence from a randomized trial. Criminology & Public Policy 2: 171-196.
    • (2003) Criminology & Public Policy , vol.2 , pp. 171-196
    • Gottfredson, D.C.1    Najaka, S.S.2    Kearley, B.3
  • 103
    • 0032817386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in drug treatment careers among clients in the clients in the national Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study
    • Grella, C. E., and Joshi, V. (1999). Gender differences in drug treatment careers among clients in the clients in the national Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 25: 385-406.
    • (1999) American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , vol.25 , pp. 385-406
    • Grella, C.E.1    Joshi, V.2
  • 105
    • 85044797161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug testing for youthful offenders on parole: An experimental evaluation
    • Haapanen, R., and Britton, L. (2002). Drug testing for youthful offenders on parole: an experimental evaluation. Criminology and Public Policy 1 (2): 217-244.
    • (2002) Criminology and Public Policy , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 217-244
    • Haapanen, R.1    Britton, L.2
  • 108
    • 0023264682 scopus 로고
    • Effects of polydrug use on the criminal activities of heroin-users
    • Hammersley, R., and Morrison, V. (1987). Effects of polydrug use on the criminal activities of heroin-users. British Journal of Addiction 82: 899-906.
    • (1987) British Journal of Addiction , vol.82 , pp. 899-906
    • Hammersley, R.1    Morrison, V.2
  • 112
    • 84928835780 scopus 로고
    • Effects of multisystemic therapy on drug use and abuse in serious juvenile offenders: A progress report from two outcome studies
    • Henggeler, S. W., Borduin, C. M., Melton, G. B., Mann, B. J., Smith, L. A., Hall, J. A., et al. (1991). Effects of multisystemic therapy on drug use and abuse in serious juvenile offenders: a progress report from two outcome studies. Family Dynamics of Addiction Quarterly 1 (3): 40-51.
    • (1991) Family Dynamics of Addiction Quarterly , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 40-51
    • Henggeler, S.W.1    Borduin, C.M.2    Melton, G.B.3    Mann, B.J.4    Smith, L.A.5    Hall, J.A.6
  • 114
    • 24144492899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Home Office Online Report 19/04). London: Home Office. Retrieved 10 April 2007 from
    • Holloway, K., and Bennett, T. (2004). The Results of the First Two Years of the NEW-ADAM Programme (Home Office Online Report 19/04). London: Home Office. Retrieved 10 April 2007 from http: //www. homeoffice. gov. uk/rds/pdfs04/rdsolr1904. pdf
    • (2004) The Results of the First Two Years of the NEW-ADAM Programme
    • Holloway, K.1    Bennett, T.2
  • 115
    • 84929801740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in drug use and associated problem behaviors among arrestees in the UK
    • (in press), Paper accepted for publication by
    • Holloway, K., and Bennett, T. (in press). Gender differences in drug use and associated problem behaviors among arrestees in the UK. Paper accepted for publication by Substance Use and Misuse.
    • Substance Use and Misuse
    • Holloway, K.1    Bennett, T.2
  • 120
    • 84929801741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved 16 June 2006 from
    • Home Office. (2006). The Arrestee Survey. Retrieved 16 June 2006 from http: //www. homeoffice. gov. uk/rds/offendingarrest. html.
    • (2006) The Arrestee Survey
    • Home Office1
  • 121
    • 84929801742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Met warns London on cusp of drugs war
    • Thursday 21 November. Retrieved 10 April 2007 from
    • Hopkins, N. (2002). Met warns London on cusp of drugs war. The Guardian, Thursday 21 November. Retrieved 10 April 2007 from http: //www. guardian. co. uk/uk_news/story/0, 3604, 844055, 00. html.
    • (2002) The Guardian
    • Hopkins, N.1
  • 125
    • 0344440980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender comparisons of drug abuse treatment outcomes and predictors
    • Hser, Y., Huang, D., Teruya, C., and Anglin, M. D. (2003). Gender comparisons of drug abuse treatment outcomes and predictors. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 72: 255-264.
    • (2003) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.72 , pp. 255-264
    • Hser, Y.1    Huang, D.2    Teruya, C.3    Anglin, M.D.4
  • 126
    • 3042845362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in treatment outcomes over a three-year period: A path model analysis
    • Hser, Y., Huang, D., Teruya, C., and Anglin, M. D. (2004). Gender differences in treatment outcomes over a three-year period: a path model analysis. Journal of Drug Issues 34 (2): 419-438.
    • (2004) Journal of Drug Issues , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 419-438
    • Hser, Y.1    Huang, D.2    Teruya, C.3    Anglin, M.D.4
  • 129
    • 0028098004 scopus 로고
    • Crack abusers and noncrack abusers-profiles of drug use, drug sales and nondrug criminality
    • Johnson, B. D., Natarajan, M., Dunlap, E., and Elmoghazy, E. (1994). Crack abusers and noncrack abusers-profiles of drug use, drug sales and nondrug criminality. Journal of Drug Issues 24 (1-2): 117-141.
    • (1994) Journal of Drug Issues , vol.24 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 117-141
    • Johnson, B.D.1    Natarajan, M.2    Dunlap, E.3    Elmoghazy, E.4
  • 130
    • 3543009270 scopus 로고
    • The concentration of delinquent offending: Serious drug involvement and high delinquency rates
    • B. D. Johnson and E. Wish, editors, New York: Interdisciplinary Research Center, Narcotic and Drug Research
    • Johnson, B. D., Wish, E., Schmeidler, J., and Huizinga, D. H. (1986). The concentration of delinquent offending: serious drug involvement and high delinquency rates. In B. D. Johnson and E. Wish, editors. Crime Rates among Drug Abusing Offenders. New York: Interdisciplinary Research Center, Narcotic and Drug Research.
    • (1986) Crime Rates among Drug Abusing Offenders
    • Johnson, B.D.1    Wish, E.2    Schmeidler, J.3    Huizinga, D.H.4
  • 132
    • 0000151675 scopus 로고
    • Drugs and delinquency: A search for causal connections
    • D. B. Kandel, editor, Washington, DC: Hemisphere
    • Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., and Eveland, L. K. (1978). Drugs and delinquency: a search for causal connections. In: D. B. Kandel, editor. Longitudinal Research on Drug Use. Washington, DC: Hemisphere, pp. 137-156.
    • (1978) Longitudinal Research on Drug Use , pp. 137-156
    • Johnston, L.D.1    O’Malley, P.M.2    Eveland, L.K.3
  • 133
    • 0002726132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in the epidemiology of substance dependence in the United States
    • Frank, E., editor, Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press
    • Kandel, D. (2000). Gender differences in the epidemiology of substance dependence in the United States. In: Frank, E., editor. Gender and Its Effects on Psychopathology. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, pp. 231-252.
    • (2000) Gender and Its Effects on Psychopathology , pp. 231-252
    • Kandel, D.1
  • 134
    • 0031134572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in attitudes toward alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs
    • Kauffman, S. E., Silver, P., and Poulin, J. (1997). Gender differences in attitudes toward alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. Social Work 42 (3): 231-241.
    • (1997) Social Work , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 231-241
    • Kauffman, S.E.1    Silver, P.2    Poulin, J.3
  • 135
    • 0036139389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in juvenile arrestees’, drug use, self-reported dependence and perceived need for treatment
    • Kim, J. Y. S., and Fendrich, M. (2002). Gender differences in juvenile arrestees’, drug use, self-reported dependence and perceived need for treatment. Psychiatric Services 53 (1): 70-75.
    • (2002) Psychiatric Services , vol.53 , Issue.1 , pp. 70-75
    • Kim, J.Y.S.1    Fendrich, M.2
  • 137
    • 3142682597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flying Blind on Drug Control Policy
    • Retrieved 15 June 2006 from
    • Kleiman, M. A. R. (2004). Flying Blind on Drug Control Policy. Issues in Science and Technology. Retrieved 15 June 2006 from http: //www. issues. org/20. 4/p_kleiman. html.
    • (2004) Issues in Science and Technology
    • Kleiman, M.A.R.1
  • 138
    • 4043146488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolving the Eurogang paradox
    • M. W. Klein, H. J. Kerner, C. L. Maxson, and E. G. M. Weitekamp, editors, London: Kluwer Academic
    • Klein, M. (2001). Resolving the Eurogang paradox. In: M. W. Klein, H. J. Kerner, C. L. Maxson, and E. G. M. Weitekamp, editors. The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U. S. and Europe. London: Kluwer Academic, pp. 7-20.
    • (2001) The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U. S. and Europe , pp. 7-20
    • Klein, M.1
  • 141
    • 0035231535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences among prisoners in drug treatment
    • Langan, N. P., and Pelissier, B. M. M. (2001). Gender differences among prisoners in drug treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse 13: 291-301.
    • (2001) Journal of Substance Abuse , vol.13 , pp. 291-301
    • Langan, N.P.1    Pelissier, B.M.M.2
  • 142
    • 0037221068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding polydrug use: Review of heroin and cocaine co-use
    • Leri, F., Bruneau, J., and Stewart, J. (2003). Understanding polydrug use: review of heroin and cocaine co-use. Addiction 98 (1): 7-22.
    • (2003) Addiction , vol.98 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-22
    • Leri, F.1    Bruneau, J.2    Stewart, J.3
  • 143
    • 33751022602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prisoners’ drug use before prison and the links with crime
    • M. Ramsay, editor, (Home Office Research Study 267). London: Home Office
    • Liriano, S., and Ramsay, M. (2003). Prisoners’ drug use before prison and the links with crime. In: M. Ramsay, editor. Prisoners’ Drug Use and Treatment: Seven Research Studies (Home Office Research Study 267). London: Home Office, pp. 7-22.
    • (2003) Prisoners’ Drug Use and Treatment: Seven Research Studies , pp. 7-22
    • Liriano, S.1    Ramsay, M.2
  • 144
    • 4344643375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sociodemographic factors, drug abuse, and other crimes: How they vary among male and female arrestees
    • Lo, C. (2004). Sociodemographic factors, drug abuse, and other crimes: how they vary among male and female arrestees. Journal of Criminal Justice 32: 399-409.
    • (2004) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.32 , pp. 399-409
    • Lo, C.1
  • 145
    • 84907130170 scopus 로고
    • Ethnic and gender differences in drug users’ perceived need for treatment
    • Longshore, D., Hsieh, S., and Anglin, D. (1993). Ethnic and gender differences in drug users’ perceived need for treatment. International Journal of the Addictions 28 (6): 539-558.
    • (1993) International Journal of the Addictions , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 539-558
    • Longshore, D.1    Hsieh, S.2    Anglin, D.3
  • 147
    • 84929801744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misguided drug policy
    • Retrieved 15 June 2006 from
    • Maccoun, R. (2004). Misguided drug policy. Issues in Science and Technology. Retrieved 15 June 2006 from http: //www. issues. org/21. 1/forum. html.
    • (2004) Issues in Science and Technology
    • McCoun, R.1
  • 148
    • 0035662646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of recent drug use among a sample of Australian detainees
    • Makkai, T. (2001). Patterns of recent drug use among a sample of Australian detainees. Addiction 96: 1799-1808.
    • (2001) Addiction , vol.96 , pp. 1799-1808
    • Makkai, T.1
  • 150
    • 85041843708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug use among police detainees
    • Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research
    • Makkai, T., Fitzgerald, J., and Doak, P. (2000). Drug use among police detainees. Crime and Justice 49. Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research.
    • (2000) Crime and Justice , pp. 49
    • Makkai, T.1    Fitzgerald, J.2    Doak, P.3
  • 152
    • 4043068545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gangstas or lager louts? Working class street gangs in Manchester
    • M. W. Klein, H. J. Kerner, C. L. Maxson, and E. G. M. Weitekamp, editors, London: Kluwer Academic
    • Mares, D. (2001). Gangstas or lager louts? Working class street gangs in Manchester. In: M. W. Klein, H. J. Kerner, C. L. Maxson, and E. G. M. Weitekamp, editors. The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U. S. and Europe. London: Kluwer Academic, pp. 153-164.
    • (2001) The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U. S. and Europe , pp. 153-164
    • Mares, D.1
  • 153
    • 0034030174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric symptoms among clients seeking treatment for drug dependence: Intake data from the National Treatment Outcome Research Study
    • Marsden, J., Gossop, M., Stewart, D., and Farrell, M. (2000). Psychiatric symptoms among clients seeking treatment for drug dependence: intake data from the National Treatment Outcome Research Study. British Journal of Psychiatry 176, 285-289.
    • (2000) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.176 , pp. 285-289
    • Marsden, J.1    Gossop, M.2    Stewart, D.3    Farrell, M.4
  • 154
    • 0032708015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in treatment seeking cocaine abusers: Implications for treatment
    • McCance-Katz, E. F., Carroll, K. M., and Rounsaville, B. J. (1999). Gender differences in treatment seeking cocaine abusers: Implications for treatment. American Journal on Addictions 8: 300-311.
    • (1999) American Journal on Addictions , vol.8 , pp. 300-311
    • McCance-Katz, E.F.1    Carroll, K.M.2    Rounsaville, B.J.3
  • 155
    • 33751032945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-reported drug use: How prevalent is under-reporting
    • Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology
    • McGregor, K., and Makkai, T. (2003). Self-reported drug use: how prevalent is under-reporting. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, No. 260. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.
    • (2003) Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, No. 260
    • McGregor, K.1    Makkai, T.2
  • 156
    • 34447136413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gendering of drug use and the absence of gender
    • Measham, F. (2003). The gendering of drug use and the absence of gender. Criminal Justice Matters 53: 22-23.
    • (2003) Criminal Justice Matters , vol.53 , pp. 22-23
    • Measham, F.1
  • 158
    • 0035640645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescribing drug of choice to opiate dependent drug users: A comparison of clients receiving heroin with those receiving injectable methadone at a West London drug clinic
    • Metrebian, N., Shanahan, W., Stimson, G., Small, C., Lee, M., Mtutu, V., and Wells, B. (2001). Prescribing drug of choice to opiate dependent drug users: a comparison of clients receiving heroin with those receiving injectable methadone at a West London drug clinic. Drug and Alcohol Review 20: 267-276.
    • (2001) Drug and Alcohol Review , vol.20 , pp. 267-276
    • Metrebian, N.1    Shanahan, W.2    Stimson, G.3    Small, C.4    Lee, M.5    Mtutu, V.6    Wells, B.7
  • 160
    • 15444352365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (OJJDP Fact Sheet, No. 123). Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, US Department of Justice
    • Moore, J. P., and Cook, I. L. (1999). Highlights of the 1998 National Youth Gang Survey (OJJDP Fact Sheet, No. 123). Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, US Department of Justice.
    • (1999) Highlights of the 1998 National Youth Gang Survey
    • Moore, J.P.1    Cook, I.L.2
  • 161
    • 0031658451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in criminal activity between heroin abusers and subjects without psychiatric disorders: Analysis of 578 detainees in Bilbao, Spain
    • Morentin, B., Callado, L. F., and Meana, J. J. (1998). Differences in criminal activity between heroin abusers and subjects without psychiatric disorders: Analysis of 578 detainees in Bilbao, Spain. Journal of Forensic Sciences 43: 993-999.
    • (1998) Journal of Forensic Sciences , vol.43 , pp. 993-999
    • Morentin, B.1    Callado, L.F.2    Meana, J.J.3
  • 162
    • 0013027608 scopus 로고
    • (Occasional Paper No. 15). Oxford: Centre for Criminological Research, University of Oxford
    • Morrison, S., and O’Donnell, I. (1994). Armed Robbery: A Study in London (Occasional Paper No. 15). Oxford: Centre for Criminological Research, University of Oxford.
    • (1994) Armed Robbery: A Study in London
    • Morrison, S.1    O’Donnell, I.2
  • 165
    • 0032444864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Varieties of drug trafficking organisations: A typology of cases prosecuted in New York City
    • Natarajan, M., and Belanger, M. (1998). Varieties of drug trafficking organisations: a typology of cases prosecuted in New York City. Journal of Drug Issues 24 (4): 1005-1026.
    • (1998) Journal of Drug Issues , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 1005-1026
    • Natarajan, M.1    Belanger, M.2
  • 171
    • 5444221704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington DC: Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice
    • National Institute of Justice. (2004). Annual Report 2003. Washington DC: Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice.
    • (2004) Annual Report 2003
    • National Institute of Justice1
  • 172
    • 84929801747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved 13 June 2006 from
    • National Treatment Agency. (2006). Retrieved 13 June 2006 from http: //www. nta. nhs. uk/programme/national/perf_info_oct05/Nos_in_treatment_200405. pdf.
    • (2006)
    • National Treatment Agency1
  • 173
    • 7444228003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and illicit drug use
    • Neale, J. (2004a). Gender and illicit drug use. British Journal of Social Work 34: 851-870.
    • (2004) British Journal of Social Work , vol.34 , pp. 851-870
    • Neale, J.1
  • 174
    • 3042758868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the health of Scottish drug users
    • Neale, J. (2004b). Measuring the health of Scottish drug users. Health and Social Care in the Community 12 (3): 202-211.
    • (2004) Health and Social Care in the Community , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 202-211
    • Neale, J.1
  • 175
    • 0033485913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing the impact of standard and abbreviated treatment in a therapeutic community
    • Nemes, S., Wish, E., and Messina, N. (1999). Comparing the impact of standard and abbreviated treatment in a therapeutic community. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 17 (4): 339-347.
    • (1999) Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 339-347
    • Nemes, S.1    Wish, E.2    Messina, N.3
  • 180
    • 1842616047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 3-Metros study of drugs and crime in South Africa: Findings and policy implications
    • Parry, C., Pluddeman, A., Louw, A., and Legget, T. (2004). The 3-Metros study of drugs and crime in South Africa: findings and policy implications. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 30 (1): 167-185.
    • (2004) American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 167-185
    • Parry, C.1    Pluddeman, A.2    Louw, A.3    Legget, T.4
  • 182
    • 85044797135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • King pin? A case study of a middle market drug broker
    • Pearson, G., and Hobbs, D. (2003). King pin? A case study of a middle market drug broker. Howard Journal 42 (4): 335-347.
    • (2003) Howard Journal , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 335-347
    • Pearson, G.1    Hobbs, D.2
  • 183
    • 3442876661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in substance use treatment entry and retention among prisoners with substance use histories
    • Pelissier, B. (2004). Gender differences in substance use treatment entry and retention among prisoners with substance use histories. American Journal of Public Health 94 (8): 1418-1424.
    • (2004) American Journal of Public Health , vol.94 , Issue.8 , pp. 1418-1424
    • Pelissier, B.1
  • 184
    • 0036303941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine
    • Pennings, J. M., Leccese, A. P., and de Wolff, F. A. (2002). Effects of concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine. Addiction 97 (7): 773-783.
    • (2002) Addiction , vol.97 , Issue.7 , pp. 773-783
    • Pennings, J.M.1    Leccese, A.P.2    de Wolff, F.A.3
  • 185
    • 0032482735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of heroin maintenance programme for addicts who fail in conventional drug treatments
    • Perneger, T. V., Giner, F., del Rio M., and Mino, A. (1998). Randomised trial of heroin maintenance programme for addicts who fail in conventional drug treatments. British Medical Journal 317: 13-18.
    • (1998) British Medical Journal , vol.317 , pp. 13-18
    • Perneger, T.V.1    Giner, F.2    del Rio, M.3    Mino, A.4
  • 189
    • 0029756579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The differences between male and female drug users: Community samples of heroin and cocaine users compared
    • Powis, B., Griffiths, M., Gossop, M., and Strang, J. (1996). The differences between male and female drug users: community samples of heroin and cocaine users compared. Substance Use and Misuse 31 (5): 529-543.
    • (1996) Substance Use and Misuse , vol.31 , Issue.5 , pp. 529-543
    • Powis, B.1    Griffiths, M.2    Gossop, M.3    Strang, J.4
  • 193
    • 0035031523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug treatment services for ethnic communities in Victoria, Australia: An examination of cultural and institutional barriers
    • Reid, G., Crofts, N., and Beyer, L. (2001). Drug treatment services for ethnic communities in Victoria, Australia: an examination of cultural and institutional barriers. Ethnicity and Health 6 (1): 13-26.
    • (2001) Ethnicity and Health , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-26
    • Reid, G.1    Crofts, N.2    Beyer, L.3
  • 194
    • 0036303046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A population-based study of cigarette smoking among illicit drug users in the United States
    • Richter, K. P., Ahluwalia, H. K., Mosier, M. C., Nazir, N., and Ahluwalia, J. S. (2002). A population-based study of cigarette smoking among illicit drug users in the United States. Addiction 97 (7): 861-869.
    • (2002) Addiction , vol.97 , Issue.7 , pp. 861-869
    • Richter, K.P.1    Ahluwalia, H.K.2    Mosier, M.C.3    Nazir, N.4    Ahluwalia, J.S.5
  • 195
    • 84886334130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Ad hoc Policing and Reducing Crime Unit Publications, No. AH255). London: Home Office
    • Rix, B., Walker, D., and Ward, J. (1998). The Criminal Use of Firearms (Ad hoc Policing and Reducing Crime Unit Publications, No. AH255). London: Home Office.
    • (1998) The Criminal Use of Firearms
    • Rix, B.1    Walker, D.2    Ward, J.3
  • 196
    • 77749297861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug misuse declared: Findings from the 2004/05 British Crime Survey: England and Wales
    • London: Home Office
    • Roe, S. (2005). Drug misuse declared: findings from the 2004/05 British Crime Survey: England and Wales. Home Office Statistical Bulletin 16/05. London: Home Office.
    • (2005) Home Office Statistical Bulletin 16/05
    • Roe, S.1
  • 197
    • 0141893473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of background characteristics and behaviors of African American, Hispanic, and white substance abusers treated in federal prison: Results from the TRIAD study
    • Rounds-Bryant, J. L., Motivans, M. A., and Pelissier, B. (2003). Comparison of background characteristics and behaviors of African American, Hispanic, and white substance abusers treated in federal prison: results from the TRIAD study. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 35 (3): 333-341.
    • (2003) Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 333-341
    • Rounds-Bryant, J.L.1    Motivans, M.A.2    Pelissier, B.3
  • 200
    • 33745732115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delivering drug services to black and minority ethnic communities
    • London: Home Office
    • Sangster, D., Shiner, M., Patel, K., and Sheikh, N. (2002). Delivering drug services to black and minority ethnic communities. DPAS Paper 16. London: Home Office.
    • (2002) DPAS Paper 16
    • Sangster, D.1    Shiner, M.2    Patel, K.3    Sheikh, N.4
  • 201
    • 0032168235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDMA (‘ecstasy’) consumption in the context of polydrug abuse: A report on 150 patients
    • Schifano, F., Di Furia, L., Forza, G., Minicuci, N., and Bricolo, R. (1998). MDMA (‘ecstasy’) consumption in the context of polydrug abuse: a report on 150 patients. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 52, 58-90.
    • (1998) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.52 , pp. 58-90
    • Schifano, F.1    Di Furia, L.2    Forza, G.3    Minicuci, N.4    Bricolo, R.5
  • 203
    • 85050782749 scopus 로고
    • Gangs and delinquent groups in London
    • Scott, P. (1956). Gangs and delinquent groups in London. British Journal of Delinquency 7: 4-26.
    • (1956) British Journal of Delinquency , vol.7 , pp. 4-26
    • Scott, P.1
  • 205
    • 0032989052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequences of powder cocaine and crack use among arrestees in Los Angeles County
    • Shaw, V. N., Hser, Y., Anglin, D. M., and Boyle, K. (1999). Sequences of powder cocaine and crack use among arrestees in Los Angeles County. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 25 (1): 47-66.
    • (1999) American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-66
    • Shaw, V.N.1    Hser, Y.2    Anglin, D.M.3    Boyle, K.4
  • 211
    • 84933489661 scopus 로고
    • Specifying the relationship between arrestee drug test results and recidivism
    • Smith, D. A., and Polsenberg, C. (1992). Specifying the relationship between arrestee drug test results and recidivism. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 83 (2): 364-377.
    • (1992) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology , vol.83 , Issue.2 , pp. 364-377
    • Smith, D.A.1    Polsenberg, C.2
  • 212
    • 29144465851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Home Office Research Study 254). London: Home Office
    • Smith, J. (2003). The Nature of Personal Robbery (Home Office Research Study 254). London: Home Office.
    • (2003) The Nature of Personal Robbery
    • Smith, J.1
  • 214
    • 0022376569 scopus 로고
    • Narcotics and crime: An analysis of existing evidence for a causal relationship
    • Speckart, G., and Anglin, M. D. (1985). Narcotics and crime: an analysis of existing evidence for a causal relationship. Behavioral Sciences and the Law 3: 259-283.
    • (1985) Behavioral Sciences and the Law , vol.3 , pp. 259-283
    • Speckart, G.1    Anglin, M.D.2
  • 215
    • 84933476518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policing lower levels of organised crime in England and Wales
    • Stelfox, P. (1998). Policing lower levels of organised crime in England and Wales. Howard Journal 37 (4): 393-406.
    • (1998) Howard Journal , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 393-406
    • Stelfox, P.1
  • 216
    • 0037360704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Similarities in outcomes for men and women after drug misuse treatment: Results from the National Treatment Outcome Research Study (NTORS)
    • Stewart, D., Gossop, M., Marsden, J., Kidd, T., and Treacy, S. (2003). Similarities in outcomes for men and women after drug misuse treatment: results from the National Treatment Outcome Research Study (NTORS). Drug and Alcohol Review 22: 35.
    • (2003) Drug and Alcohol Review , vol.22 , pp. 35
    • Stewart, D.1    Gossop, M.2    Marsden, J.3    Kidd, T.4    Treacy, S.5
  • 220
    • 0022571798 scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of alcohol-related admissions in an inner-city related hospital
    • Taylor, C. L., Kilbane, P., Passmore, N., and Davies, R. (1986). Prospective study of alcohol-related admissions in an inner-city related hospital. Lancet 2: 265-268.
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 265-268
    • Taylor, C.L.1    Kilbane, P.2    Passmore, N.3    Davies, R.4
  • 221
    • 0001547017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membership in youth gangs and involvement in serious and violent offending
    • R. Loeber and D. P. Farrington, editors, London: Sage
    • Thornberry, T. P. (1998). Membership in youth gangs and involvement in serious and violent offending. In: R. Loeber and D. P. Farrington, editors. Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions. London: Sage, pp. 147-166.
    • (1998) Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions , pp. 147-166
    • Thornberry, T.P.1
  • 222
    • 84892300751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advantages of longitudinal research designs in studying gang behavior
    • M. W. Klein, H. J. Kerner, C. L. Maxson, and E. G. M. Weitekamp, editors, London: Kluwer Academic
    • Thornberry, T. P., and Porter, P. K. (2001). Advantages of longitudinal research designs in studying gang behavior. In: M. W. Klein, H. J. Kerner, C. L. Maxson, and E. G. M. Weitekamp, editors. The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U. S. and Europe. London: Kluwer Academic, pp. 59-78.
    • (2001) The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U. S. and Europe , pp. 59-78
    • Thornberry, T.P.1    Porter, P.K.2
  • 223
    • 0001856226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Drug Court Institute review: Perceptions of drug court: How offenders view ease of program completion, strengths and weaknesses, and the impact on their lives
    • Turner, S., Greenwood, P., Fain, T., and Deschenes, E. (1999). National Drug Court Institute review: perceptions of drug court: how offenders view ease of program completion, strengths and weaknesses, and the impact on their lives. National Drug Court Review 2 (1): 61-86.
    • (1999) National Drug Court Review , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-86
    • Turner, S.1    Greenwood, P.2    Fain, T.3    Deschenes, E.4
  • 224
    • 84965587840 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating intensive supervision probation/parole (ISP) for drug offenders
    • Turner, S., Petersilia, J. and Deschenes, E. P. (1992). Evaluating intensive supervision probation/parole (ISP) for drug offenders. Crime and Delinquency 38 (4): 539-556.
    • (1992) Crime and Delinquency , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 539-556
    • Turner, S.1    Petersilia, J.2    Deschenes, E.P.3
  • 225
    • 0034869666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of drug abuse in a 20-year follow-up study of drug-experimenting school children in Finland
    • Turpeinen, P. (2001). Outcome of drug abuse in a 20-year follow-up study of drug-experimenting school children in Finland. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 55 (4): 263-270.
    • (2001) Nordic Journal of Psychiatry , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 263-270
    • Turpeinen, P.1
  • 228
    • 0003458804 scopus 로고
    • (National Institute of Justice Research Report). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice
    • Visher, C. A. (1991). A Comparison of Urinalysis Technologies for Drug Testing in Criminal Justice (National Institute of Justice Research Report). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice.
    • (1991) A Comparison of Urinalysis Technologies for Drug Testing in Criminal Justice
    • Visher, C.A.1
  • 230
    • 0037316153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and drug use: Exploring the nature of particular relationships among diverse populations in the United Kingdom
    • Wanigaratne, S., Dar, K., Abdulrahim, D., and Strang, J. (2003). Ethnicity and drug use: exploring the nature of particular relationships among diverse populations in the United Kingdom. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 10 (1): 39-55.
    • (2003) Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-55
    • Wanigaratne, S.1    Dar, K.2    Abdulrahim, D.3    Strang, J.4
  • 235
    • 0000840787 scopus 로고
    • The drug-use-delinquency connection in adolescence
    • R. A. Weisheit editor, Cincinnati OH: Anderson
    • White, H. R. (1990). The drug-use-delinquency connection in adolescence. In: R. A. Weisheit editor, Drugs, Crime and the Criminal Justice System. Cincinnati OH: Anderson.
    • (1990) Drugs, Crime and the Criminal Justice System
    • White, H.R.1
  • 236
    • 0000674078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of the drug-crime relationship
    • White, H. R., and Gorman, D. M. (2000). Dynamics of the drug-crime relationship. Criminal Justice 1: 151-218.
    • (2000) Criminal Justice , vol.1 , pp. 151-218
    • White, H.R.1    Gorman, D.M.2
  • 239
    • 0003026399 scopus 로고
    • Drug testing by the criminal justice system: Method, research and applications
    • Wilson, J. Q., and Tonry, M., eds, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Wish, E. D., and Gropper, B. A. (1990). Drug testing by the criminal justice system: Method, research and applications. In: Wilson, J. Q., and Tonry, M., eds. Drugs and Crime. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 321-339.
    • (1990) Drugs and Crime , pp. 321-339
    • Wish, E.D.1    Gropper, B.A.2
  • 242
    • 0034930343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race/ethnic differences in the sequences of drugs used by women
    • Young, V. D., and Harrison, R. (2001). Race/ethnic differences in the sequences of drugs used by women. Journal of Drug Issues 31 (2): 293-324.
    • (2001) Journal of Drug Issues , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 293-324
    • Young, V.D.1    Harrison, R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.