Water content and oxygen isotopic composition of alkali basalts from the taihang mountains, China: Recycled oceanic components in the mantle source

Journal of Petrology

Volumn 56, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 681-702

  Liu, Jia ^a   Xia, Qun Ke ^a   Deloule, Etienne ^b   Ingrin, Jannick ^c   Chen, Huan ^a   Feng, Min ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA   (China)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE LORRAINE   (France)

^c UNIVERSITÉ LILLE 1   (France)

Author keywords

Alkali basalts; Clinopyroxene; Magma mixing; Oxygen isotope; Plagioclase; Subduction; Water content

Indexed keywords

ALKALI BASALT; CLINOPYROXENE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MANTLE SOURCE; OCEANIC CRUST; OXYGEN ISOTOPE; PLAGIOCLASE; SUBDUCTION; WATER CONTENT;

CHINA; TAIHANG MOUNTAINS;

EID: 84929517177     PISSN: 00223530     EISSN: 14602415     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/petrology/egv013     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. Aizawa, Y., Tatsumi, Y. & Yamada, H. (1999). Element transport by dehydration of subducted sediments: Implication for arc and ocean island magmatism. Island Arc 8, 38-46.
2. Alt, J. C., Muehlenbachs, K. & Honnorez, J. (1986). An oxygen isotopic profile through the upper kilometer of the oceanic crust, DSDP Hole 504B. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 80, 217-229.
3. 18O voluminous volcanism:diverse oxygen isotope values and high magmatic water contents within the volcanic record of Klyuchevskoy volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 157, 209-230.
4. Baker, I. & Haggerty, S. E. (1967). The alteration of olivine in basaltic and associated lavas. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 16, 258-273.
5. Baker, J. A., Macpherson, C. G., Menzies, M. A., Thirlwall, M. F., Al-Kadasi, M. & Mattey, D. P. (2000). Resolving crustal and mantle contributions to continental flood volcanism, Yemen; constraints from mineral oxygen isotope data. Journal of Petrology 41, 1805-1820.
6. 2 in ultrapotassic melts at 1200 and 1250°C and pressure from 50 to 500 MPa. American Mineralogist 94, 105-120.
7. Bell, D. R. & Rossman, G. R. (1992). Water in Earth's mantle: The role of nominally anhydrous minerals. Science 255, 1391-1397.
8. Bell, D. R., Ihinger, P. D. & Rossman, G. R. (1995). Quantitative analysis of trace OH in garnet and pyroxenes. American Mineralogist 80, 465-474.
9. Bindeman, I. N., Eiler, J. M., Yogodzinski, G. M., Tatsumi, Y., Stern, C. R., Grove, T. L., Portnyagin, M., Hoernle, K. & Danyushevsky, L. V. (2005). Oxygen isotope evidence for slab melting in modern and ancient subduction zones. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 235, 480-496.
10. Bindeman, I. (2008). Oxygen isotopes in mantle and crustal magmas as revealed by single crystal analysis. In: Putirka, K. D. & Tepley, F. J., III (eds) Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic Processes. Mineralogical Society of America and Geochemical Society, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 69, 445-478.
11. Botcharnikov, R., Freise, M., Holtz, F. & Behrens, H. (2005). Solubility of C-O-H mixtures in natural melts: new experimental data and application range of recent models. Annals of Geophysics 48, 633-646.
12. Carmody, L., Barry, P. H., Shervais, J. W., Kluesner, J. W. & Taylor, L. A. (2013). Oxygen isotopes in subducted oceanic crust: A new perspective fromSiberian diamondiferous eclogites. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 14, 3479-3493.
13. Chen, L. (2009). Lithospheric structure variations between the eastern and central North China Craton from S- and Preceiver function migration. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 173, 216-227.
14. Chen, L.-H., Zeng, G., Jiang, S.-Y., Hofmann, A. W., Xu, X.-S. & Pan, M.-B. (2009). Sources of Anfengshan basalts: subducted lower crust in the Sulu UHP belt, China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 286, 426-435.
15. Chiba, H., Chacko, T., Clayton, R. N. & Goldsmith, J. R. (1989). Oxygen isotope fractionations involving diopside, forsterite, magnetite, and calcite: Application to geothermometry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53, 2985-2995.
16. Dixon, J. E. & Clague, D. A. (2001). Volatiles in basaltic glasses from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii: Evidence for a relatively dry plume component. Journal of Petrology 42, 627-654.
17. Dixon, J. E., Leist, L., Langmuir, C. & Schilling, J.-G. (2002). Recycled dehydrated lithosphere observed in plumeinfluenced mid-ocean-ridge basalt. Nature 420, 385-389.
18. Eiler, J. M. (2001). Oxygen isotope variations of basaltic lavas and upper mantle rocks. In: Valley, J. W. & Cole, D. (eds) Stable Isotope Geochemistry. Mineralogical Society of America and Geochemical Society, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 43, 319-364.
19. Eiler, J. M., Farley, K. A., Valley, J. W., Hauri, E., Craig, H., Hart, S. R. & Stolper, E. M. (1997). Oxygen isotope variations in ocean island basalt phenocrysts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61, 2281-2293.
20. Fan, Q. & Hooper, P. R. (1991). The Cenozoic basaltic rocks of eastern China: petrology and chemical composition. Journal of Petrology 32, 765-810.
21. Farver, J. R. & Giletti, B. J. (1989). Oxygen and strontium diffusion kinetics in apatite and potential applications to thermal history determinations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53, 1621-1631.
22. Fukao, Y., Obayashi, M., Inoue, H. & Nenbai, M. (1992). Subducting slabs stagnant in the mantle transition zone. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (1978-2012) 97, 4809-4822.
23. Gale, A., Dalton, C. A., Langmuir, C. H., Su, Y. & Schilling, J. G. (2013). The mean composition of ocean ridge basalts. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 14, 489-518.
24. Griffin, W. L., Andi, Z., O'Reilly, S. Y. & Ryan, C. G. (1998). Phanerozoic Evolution of the Lithosphere Beneath the Sino-Korean Craton. In: Flower, M. F. J., Chung, S.-L., Lo, C.-H. & Lee, T.-Y. (eds) Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in East Asia. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, doi: 10.1029/GD027p0107.
25. 2O-rich fluid component in the generation of primitive basaltic andesites and andesites from the Mt. Shasta region, N California. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 142, 375-396.
26. Gurenko, A. A., Chaussidon, M. & Schmincke, H. U. (2001). Magma ascent and contamination beneath one intraplate volcano: Evidence from S and O isotopes in glass inclusions and their host clinopyroxenes from Miocene basaltic hyaloclastites southwest of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65, 4359-4374.
27. Gurenko, A. A., Bindeman, I. N. & Chaussidon, M. (2011). Oxygen isotope heterogeneity of the mantle beneath the Canary Islands: insights from olivine phenocrysts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 162, 349-363.
28. Hamada, M., Ushioda, M., Fujii, T. & Takahashi, E. (2013). Hydrogen concentration in plagioclase as a hygrometer of arc basaltic melts: approaches from melt inclusion analyses and hydrous melting experiments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 365, 253-262.
29. 2Oundersaturated conditions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 248, 715-734.
30. Hercule, S. & Ingrin, J. (1999). Hydrogen in diopside: Diffusion, kinetics of extraction-incorporation, and solubility. American Mineralogist 84, 1577-1587.
31. Herzberg, C. (2011). Identification of source lithology in the Hawaiian and Canary Islands: Implications for origins. Journal of Petrology 52, 113-146.
32. Huang, J. & Zhao, D. (2006). High-resolution mantle tomography of China and surrounding regions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (1978-2012) 111, B09305, doi:10.1029/2005JB004066.
33. Hui, H., Peslier, A. H., Zhang, Y. & Neal, C. R. (2013). Water in lunar anorthosites and evidence for a wet early Moon. Nature Geoscience 6, 177-180.
34. Ingrin, J. & Blanchard, M. (2006). Diffusion of hydrogen in minerals. In: Keppler, H. & Smyth, J. R. (eds) Water in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals. Mineralogical Society of America and Geochemical Society, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 62, 291-320.
35. Ingrin, J. & Skogby, H. (2000). Hydrogen in nominally anhydrous upper-mantle minerals: concentration levels and implications. European Journal of Mineralogy 12, 543-570.
36. Ingrin, J., Latrous, K., Doukhan, J.-C. & Doukhan, N. (1989). Water in diopside: an electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy study. European Journal of Mineralogy 1, 327-342.
37. Johnson, E. A. & Rossman, G. R. (2003). The concentration and speciation of hydrogen in feldspars using FTIR and 1H MAS NMR spectroscopy. American Mineralogist 88, 901-911.
38. Johnson, E. A. & Rossman, G. R. (2004). A survey of hydrous species and concentrations in igneous feldspars. American Mineralogist 89, 586-600.
39. Johnson, E. A. (2005). Magmatic water contents recorded by hydroxyl concentrations in plagioclase phenocrysts from Mount St. Helens, 1980-1981. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69, A743.
40. Johnson, E. A. & Rossman, G. R. (2013). The diffusion behavior of hydrogen in plagioclase feldspar at 800-1000°C:Implications for re-equilibration of hydroxyl in volcanic phenocrysts. American Mineralogist 98, 1779-1787.
41. Kelemen, P. B., Hirth, G., Shimizu, N., Spiegelman, M. & Dick, H. J. (1997). A review of melt migration processes in the adiabatically upwelling mantle beneath oceanic spreading ridges. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A 355, 283-318.
42. Kempton, P. D. & Harmon, R. S. (1992). Oxygen isotope evidence for large-scale hybridization of the lower crust during magmatic underplating. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 56, 971-986.
43. Kessel, R., Schmidt, M. W., Ulmer, P. & Pettke, T. (2005). Trace element signature of subduction-zone fluids, melts and supercritical liquids at 120-180km depth. Nature 437, 724-727.
44. Kogiso, T., Tatsumi, Y. & Nakano, S. (1997). Trace element transport during dehydration processes in the subducted oceanic crust: 1. Experiments and implications for the origin of ocean island basalts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 148, 193-205.
45. Kogiso, T., Hirschmann, M. M. & Frost, D. J. (2003). Highpressure partial melting of garnet pyroxenite: possible mafic lithologies in the source of ocean island basalts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 216, 603-617.
46. Kovács, I., Hermann, J., O'Neill, H. S. C., Gerald, J. F., Sambridge, M. & Horváth, G. (2008). Quantitative absorbance spectroscopy with unpolarized light: Part II. Experimental evaluation and development of a protocol for quantitative analysis of mineral IR spectra. American Mineralogist 93, 765-778.
47. 2O solubility of alkali basaltic melts:an experimental study. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 162, 133-151.
48. Libowitzky, E. & Rossman, G. R. (1996). Principles of quantitative absorbance measurements in anisotropic crystals. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 23, 319-327.
49. Liu, D. Y., Nutman, A. P., Compston, W., Wu, J. S. & Shen, Q. H. (1992). Remnants of ≥3800Ma crust in the Chinese part of the Sino-Korean craton. Geology 20, 339-342.
50. Liu, Y., Gao, S., Kelemen, P. B. & Xu, W. (2008). Recycled crust controls contrasting source compositions of Mesozoic and Cenozoic basalts in the North China Craton. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 72, 2349-2376.
51. Mallik, A. & Dasgupta, R. (2012). Reaction between MORBeclogite derived melts and fertile peridotite and generation of ocean island basalts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 329, 97-108.
52. Martin, E., Bindeman, I. & Grove, T. L. (2011). The origin of high-Mg magmas in Mt Shasta and Medicine Lake volcanoes, Cascade Arc (California): higher and lower than mantle oxygen isotope signatures attributed to current and past subduction. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 162, 945-960.
53. Mattey, D., Lowry, D. & Macpherson, C. (1994). Oxygen isotope composition of mantle peridotite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 128, 231-241.
54. 16O isotopic systematics in an oceanic crustal section: Evidence from the Samail Ophiolite. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (1978-2012) 86, 2721-2735.
55. McDonough, W. F. & Sun, S. S. 1995. The composition of the Earth. Chemical geology 120, 223-253.
56. Meng, F. X., Gao, S., Niu, Y. L., Liu, Y. S. & Wang, X. R. (2014). Mesozoic-Cenozoic mantle evolution beneath the North China Craton: A new perspective from Hf-Nd isotopes of basalts. Gondwana Research doi:10.1016/j.gr.2014.01.014.
57. Menzies, M., Xu, Y., Zhang, H. & Fan, W. (2007). Integration of geology, geophysics and geochemistry: a key to understanding the North China Craton. Lithos 96, 1-21.
58. Menzies, M. A., Fan, W. & Zhang, M. (1993). Palaeozoic and Cenozoic lithoprobes and the loss of >120km of Archaean lithosphere, Sino-Korean craton, China. In: Prichard, H. M., Alabaster, T., Harris, N. B. W. & Neary, C. R. (eds) Magmatic Processes and Plate Tectonics Geological Society, London, Special Publications 76, 71-81.
59. 2O. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 131, 301-320.
60. Niu, Y. L. (2005). Generation and evolution of basaltic magmas:some basic concepts and a new view on the origin of Mesozoic-Cenozoic basaltic volcanism in eastern China. Geological Journal of China Universities 11, 9-46.
61. 3+ on the partitioning of water between clinopyroxene and silicate melt. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 297, 111-120.
62. Pearce, J. A. & Parkinson, I. J. (1993). Trace element models for mantle melting: application to volcanic arc petrogenesis. In: Prichard, H. M., Alabaster, T., Harris, N. B. W. & Neary, C. R. (eds) Magmatic Processes and Plate Tectonics. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 76, 373-403.
63. Pertermann, M. & Hirschmann, M. M. (2003). Anhydrous partial melting experiments on MORB-like eclogite: phase relations, phase compositions and mineral-melt partitioning of major elements at 2-3 GPa. Journal of Petrology 44, 2173-2201.
64. Plank, T. & Langmuir, C. H. (1998). The chemical composition of subducting sediment and its consequences for the crust and mantle. Chemical Geology 145, 325-394.
65. Putirka, K. D. (2008). Thermometers and barometers for volcanic systems. In: Putirka, K. D. & Tepley, F. J., III (eds) Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic Processes. Mineralogical Society of America and Geochemical Society, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 69, 61-120.
66. Roeder, P. L. & Emslie, R. (1970). Olivine-liquid equilibrium. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 29, 275-289.
67. Rudnick, R. L. & Gao, S. (2003). Composition of the continental crust. In: Rudnick, R. L. (ed.) Treatise on Geochemistry 3. Elsevier, pp. 1-64.
68. Ruprecht, P. & Plank, T. (2013). Feeding andesitic eruptions with a high-speed connection from the mantle. Nature 500, 68-72.
69. 2O/Ce: 2. Relationships to arc magma geochemistry and volatile fluxes. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 13, Q03025, doi:10.1029/2011GC003887.
70. Sakuyama, T., Tian, W., Kimura, J.-I., Fukao, Y., Hirahara, Y., Takahashi, T., Senda, R., Chang, Q., Miyazaki, T. & Obayashi, M. (2013). Melting of dehydrated oceanic crust from the stagnant slab and of the hydrated mantle transition zone: Constraints from Cenozoic alkaline basalts in eastern China. Chemical Geology 359, 32-48.
71. Sambridge, M., Gerald, J. F., Kovács, I., O'Neill, H. S. C. & Hermann, J. (2008). Quantitative absorbance spectroscopy with unpolarized light: Part I. Physical and mathematical development. American Mineralogist 93, 751-764.
72. Shaw, A. M., Hauri, E. H., Behn, M. D., Hilton, D. R., Macpherson, C. G. & Sinton, J. M. (2012). Long-term preservation of slab signatures in the mantle inferred from hydrogen isotopes. Nature Geoscience 5, 224-228.
73. Skogby, H., Bell, D. R. & Rossman, G. R. (1990). Hydroxide in pyroxene: variations in the natural environment. American Mineralogist 75, 764-774.
74. Sobolev, A. V. & Shimizu, N. (1993). Ultra-depleted primary melt included in an olivine from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Nature 363, 151-154.
75. Sobolev, A. V., Hofmann, A. W., Sobolev, S. V. & Nikogosian, I. K. (2005). An olivine-free mantle source of Hawaiian shield basalts. Nature 434, 590-597.
76. Sobolev, A. V., Hofmann, A. W., Kuzmin, D. V., Yaxley, G. M., Arndt, N. T., Chung, S.-L., Danyushevsky, L. V., Elliott, T., Frey, F. A. & Garcia, M. O. (2007). The amount of recycled crust in sources of mantle-derived melts. Science 316, 412-417.
77. Spiegelman, M. & Kelemen, P. B. (2003). Extreme chemical variability as a consequence of channelized melt transport. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 4, 1055, doi:10.1029/2002GC000336.
78. Stolper, E. & Newman, S. (1994). The role of water in the petrogenesis of Mariana trough magmas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 121, 293-325.
79. Sun, S. S. & McDonough, W. F. (1989). Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In: Saunders, A. D. & Norry, M. J. (eds) Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 42, 313-345.
80. Sundvall, R. & Stalder, R. (2011). Water in upper mantle pyroxene megacrysts and xenocrysts: A survey study. American Mineralogist 96, 1215-1227.
81. Tang, Y.-J., Zhang, H.-F. & Ying, J.-F. (2006). Asthenosphere-lithospheric mantle interaction in an extensional regime: implication from the geochemistry of Cenozoic basalts from Taihang Mountains, North China Craton. Chemical Geology 233, 309-327.
82. Tang, Y.-J., Zhang, H.-F., Ying, J.-F., Zhang, J. & Liu, X.-M. (2008). Refertilization of ancient lithospheric mantle beneath the central North China Craton: evidence from petrology and geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths. Lithos 101, 435-452.
83. Tatsumi, Y., Hamilton, D. L. & Nesbitt, R. W. (1986). Chemical characteristics of fluid phase released from a subducted lithosphere and origin of arc magmas: evidence from high-pressure experiments and natural rocks. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 29, 293-309.
84. Taylor, H. P. (1974). The application of oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies to problems of hydrothermal alteration and ore deposition. Economic Geology 69, 843-883.
85. Taylor, H. P. & Sheppard, S. M. F. (1986). Igneous rocks; I, Processes of isotopic fractionation and isotope systematics. In: Kokelaar, B. P. & Howells, M. F. (eds) Marginal Basin Geology: Volcanic and Associated Sedimentary and Tectonic Processes in Modern and Ancient Marginal Basins. Mineralogical Society of America, Reviews in Mineralogy 16, 227-271.
86. 2O in clinopyroxene phenocrysts. Geology 36, 799-802.
87. Wang, Y., Zhao, Z.-F., Zheng, Y.-F. & Zhang, J.-J. (2011). Geochemical constraints on the nature of mantle source for Cenozoic continental basalts in east-central China. Lithos 125, 940-955.
88. Widom, E. & Farquhar, J. (2003). Oxygen isotope signatures in olivines from São Miguel (Azores) basalts: implications for crustal and mantle processes. Chemical Geology 193, 237-255.
89. Windley, B. F., Maruyama, S. & Xiao, W. J. (2010). Delamination/thinning of sub-continental lithospheric mantle under Eastern China: The role of water and multiple subduction. American Journal of Science 310, 1250-1293.
90. Withers, A. C. (2013). On the use of unpolarized infrared spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of absorbing species in birefringent crystals. American Mineralogist 98, 689-697.
91. Woods, S. C., Mackwell, S. & Dyar, D. (2000). Hydrogen in diopside: Diffusion profiles. American Mineralogist 85, 480-487.
92. Workman, R. K. & Hart, S. R. (2005). Major and trace element composition of the depleted MORB mantle (DMM). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 231, 53-72.
93. Xia, Q.-K., Dallai, L. & Deloule, E. (2004). Oxygen and hydrogen isotope heterogeneity of clinopyroxene megacrysts from Nushan Volcano, SE China. Chemical Geology 209, 137-151.
94. Xia, Q.-K., Liu, J., Liu, S.-C., Kovacs, I., Feng, M. & Dang, L. (2013). High water content in Mesozoic primitive basalts of the North China Craton and implications on the destruction of cratonic mantle lithosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 361, 85-97.
95. Xu, Y.-G. (2007). Diachronous lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton and formation of the Daxin'anling-Taihangshan gravity lineament. Lithos 96, 281-298.
96. Xu, Y.-G., Zhang, H.-H., Qiu, H.-N., Ge, W.-C. & Wu, F.-Y. (2012a). Oceanic crust components in continental basalts from Shuangliao, Northeast China: Derived from the mantle transition zone?. Chemical Geology 328, 168-184.
97. Xu, Z., Zhao, Z.-F. & Zheng, Y.-F. (2012b). Slab-mantle interaction for thinning of cratonic lithospheric mantle in North China: Geochemical evidence from Cenozoic continental basalts in central Shandong. Lithos 146, 202-217.
98. Yang, W., Teng, F.-Z., Zhang, H.-F. & Li, S.-G. (2012). Magnesium isotopic systematics of continental basalts from the North China craton: Implications for tracing subducted carbonate in the mantle. Chemical Geology 328, 185-194.
99. Yang, X. Z. (2008). Water content and H-O-Li isotopes in lower crustal granulite minerals of eastern China. PhD thesis, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei.
100. Zeng, G., Chen, L.-H., Hofmann, A. W., Jiang, S.-Y. & Xu, X.-S. (2011). Crust recycling in the sources of two parallel volcanic chains in Shandong, North China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 302, 359-368.
101. Zhang, J.-J., Zheng, Y.-F. & Zhao, Z.-F. (2009). Geochemical evidence for interaction between oceanic crust and lithospheric mantle in the origin of Cenozoic continental basalts in east- central China. Lithos 110, 305-326.
102. Zhao, G., Wilde, S. A., Cawood, P. A. & Sun, M. (2001). Archean blocks and their boundaries in the North China Craton: lithological, geochemical, structural and P-T path constraints and tectonic evolution. Precambrian Research 107, 45-73.
103. Zhao, G. C., Wilde, S. A., Cawood, P. A. & Sun, M. (2002). SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages of the Fuping complex:implications for late Archean to Paleoproterozoic accretion and assembly of the North China Craton. American Journal of Science 302, 191-226.
104. Zhao, Z. F. & Zheng, Y. F. (2003). Calculation of oxygen isotope fractionation in magmatic rocks. Chemical Geology 193, 59-80.
105. Zheng, Y.-F. (1993). Calculation of oxygen isotope fractionation in anhydrous silicate minerals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 57, 1079-1091.
106. Zhi, X., Song, Y., Frey, F. A., Feng, J. & Zhai, M. (1990). Geochemistry of Hannuoba basalts, eastern China: constraints on the origin of continental alkalic and tholeiitic basalt. Chemical Geology 88, 1-33.
107. Zou, H., Zindler, A., Xu, X. & Qi, Q. (2000). Major, trace element, and Nd, Sr and Pb isotope studies of Cenozoic basalts in SE China: mantle sources, regional variations, and tectonic significance. Chemical Geology 171, 33-47.
108. Zou, H., Reid, M. R., Liu, Y., Yao, Y., Xu, X. & Fan, Q. (2003). Constraints on the origin of historic potassic basalts from northeast China by U-Th disequilibrium data. Chemical Geology 200, 189-201.
109. Zou, H., Fan, Q. & Yao, Y. (2008). U-Th systematics of dispersed young volcanoes in NE China: asthenosphere upwelling caused by piling up and upward thickening of stagnant Pacific slab. Chemical Geology 255, 134-142.