메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 178, Issue 3-4, 2014, Pages 251-258

Epidemiology and Antifungal Susceptibilities of Yeasts Causing Vulvovaginitis in a Teaching Hospital

Author keywords

Identification; Susceptibility; Vulvovaginitis; Yeast

Indexed keywords

ANTIFUNGAL AGENT;

EID: 84929516408     PISSN: 0301486X     EISSN: 15730832     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-014-9780-2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (42)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 85119807126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sobel JD. Vulvovaginitis. When Candida becomes a problem. Dermatol Clin 1998;16:763–8, xii
    • Sobel JD. Vulvovaginitis. When Candida becomes a problem. Dermatol Clin 1998;16:763–8, xii.
  • 3
    • 60549098868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjslantLY%3D, PID: 19191635
    • Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:503–35.
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.48 , pp. 503-535
    • Pappas, P.G.1    Kauffman, C.A.2    Andes, D.3
  • 4
    • 33846466508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: a persistent public health problem
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhvFKnur0%3D, PID: 17223626
    • Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ. Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: a persistent public health problem. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007;20:133–63.
    • (2007) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.20 , pp. 133-163
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Diekema, D.J.2
  • 5
    • 0042331368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective observational study of candidemia: epidemiology, therapy, and influences on mortality in hospitalized adult and pediatric patients
    • PID: 12942393
    • Pappas PG, Rex JH, Lee J, et al. A prospective observational study of candidemia: epidemiology, therapy, and influences on mortality in hospitalized adult and pediatric patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:634–43.
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.37 , pp. 634-643
    • Pappas, P.G.1    Rex, J.H.2    Lee, J.3
  • 6
    • 65249158433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis in a large global collection of Candida glabrata isolates: comparison to the literature
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXlvVamtLg%3D, PID: 19193845
    • Lockhart SR, Messer SA, Gherna M, et al. Identification of Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis in a large global collection of Candida glabrata isolates: comparison to the literature. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:1216–7.
    • (2009) J Clin Microbiol , vol.47 , pp. 1216-1217
    • Lockhart, S.R.1    Messer, S.A.2    Gherna, M.3
  • 7
    • 70349648602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro activity of seven systemically active antifungal agents against a large global collection of rare Candida species as determined by CLSI broth microdilution methods
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsVerurfL, PID: 19710283
    • Diekema DJ, Messer SA, Boyken LB, et al. In vitro activity of seven systemically active antifungal agents against a large global collection of rare Candida species as determined by CLSI broth microdilution methods. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:3170–7.
    • (2009) J Clin Microbiol , vol.47 , pp. 3170-3177
    • Diekema, D.J.1    Messer, S.A.2    Boyken, L.B.3
  • 8
    • 0036739333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and susceptibility to fluconazole in women
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XotFGqtLc%3D, PID: 12237629
    • Bauters TG, Dhont MA, Temmerman MI, Nelis HJ. Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and susceptibility to fluconazole in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187:569–74.
    • (2002) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.187 , pp. 569-574
    • Bauters, T.G.1    Dhont, M.A.2    Temmerman, M.I.3    Nelis, H.J.4
  • 9
    • 0037636331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulvovaginal carriage of yeasts other than Candida albicans
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s3mvVGjsg%3D%3D, PID: 12794215
    • Holland J, Young ML, Lee O, Chen A. Vulvovaginal carriage of yeasts other than Candida albicans. Sex Transm Infect. 2003;79:249–50.
    • (2003) Sex Transm Infect , vol.79 , pp. 249-250
    • Holland, J.1    Young, M.L.2    Lee, O.3    Chen, A.4
  • 10
    • 17744404949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of vaginal colonization by drug-resistant Candida species in college-age women with previous exposure to over-the-counter azole antifungals
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mvktlelug%3D%3D, PID: 11477529
    • Mathema B, Cross E, Dun E, et al. Prevalence of vaginal colonization by drug-resistant Candida species in college-age women with previous exposure to over-the-counter azole antifungals. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33:E23–7.
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.33 , pp. E23-E27
    • Mathema, B.1    Cross, E.2    Dun, E.3
  • 11
    • 42049116513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and susceptibility profile of Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis: results from population-based surveillance of candidemia in Spain
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXksFajtLc%3D, PID: 18285486
    • Gomez-Lopez A, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Rodriguez D, et al. Prevalence and susceptibility profile of Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis: results from population-based surveillance of candidemia in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52:1506–9.
    • (2008) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 1506-1509
    • Gomez-Lopez, A.1    Alastruey-Izquierdo, A.2    Rodriguez, D.3
  • 13
    • 33845967448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlamydospore formation in Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis an enigmatic developmental programme
    • PID: 17302741
    • Staib P, Morschhauser J. Chlamydospore formation in Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis an enigmatic developmental programme. Mycoses. 2007;50:1–12.
    • (2007) Mycoses , vol.50 , pp. 1-12
    • Staib, P.1    Morschhauser, J.2
  • 14
    • 5444228177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco agar, a new medium for differentiating Candida dubliniensis from Candida albicans
    • PID: 15472343
    • Khan ZU, Ahmad S, Mokaddas E, Chandy R. Tobacco agar, a new medium for differentiating Candida dubliniensis from Candida albicans. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:4796–8.
    • (2004) J Clin Microbiol , vol.42 , pp. 4796-4798
    • Khan, Z.U.1    Ahmad, S.2    Mokaddas, E.3    Chandy, R.4
  • 15
    • 0034459739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tween 80 opacity test responses of various Candida species
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FnsVCltQ%3D%3D, PID: 11101607
    • Slifkin M. Tween 80 opacity test responses of various Candida species. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:4626–8.
    • (2000) J Clin Microbiol , vol.38 , pp. 4626-4628
    • Slifkin, M.1
  • 17
    • 0032819806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis and rapid identification of Candida dubliniensis based on analysis of ACT1 intron and exon sequences
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXltlKgtr8%3D, PID: 10463153
    • Donnelly SM, Sullivan DJ, Shanley DB, Coleman DC. Phylogenetic analysis and rapid identification of Candida dubliniensis based on analysis of ACT1 intron and exon sequences. Microbiology. 1999;145(Pt 8):1871–82.
    • (1999) Microbiology , vol.145 , pp. 1871-1882
    • Donnelly, S.M.1    Sullivan, D.J.2    Shanley, D.B.3    Coleman, D.C.4
  • 18
    • 0000432452 scopus 로고
    • Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics
    • Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, (eds), Academic press, Inc., San Diego, Calif:
    • White TJ, Bruns TD, Lee SB, Taylor JW. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, editors. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. San Diego, Calif: Academic press, Inc.; 1990. p. 315–22.
    • (1990) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications , pp. 315-322
    • White, T.J.1    Bruns, T.D.2    Lee, S.B.3    Taylor, J.W.4
  • 19
    • 51649096828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First molecular method for discriminating between Candida africana, Candida albicans, and Candida dubliniensis by using HPW1 gene
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFCktrfM, PID: 18640803
    • Romeo O, Criseo G. First molecular method for discriminating between Candida africana, Candida albicans, and Candida dubliniensis by using HPW1 gene. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;62:230–3.
    • (2008) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.62 , pp. 230-233
    • Romeo, O.1    Criseo, G.2
  • 21
    • 79960613152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces cerevisiae vaginitis: microbiology and in vitro antifungal susceptibility
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXpt1Oitrg%3D, PID: 21424705
    • Echeverria-Irigoyen MJ, Eraso E, Cano J, Gomariz M, Guarro J, Quindos G. Saccharomyces cerevisiae vaginitis: microbiology and in vitro antifungal susceptibility. Mycopathologia. 2011;172:201–5.
    • (2011) Mycopathologia , vol.172 , pp. 201-205
    • Echeverria-Irigoyen, M.J.1    Eraso, E.2    Cano, J.3    Gomariz, M.4    Guarro, J.5    Quindos, G.6
  • 22
    • 0029929092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid identification of Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei by species-specific PCR of large subunit ribosomal DNA
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjsFWqt7k%3D, PID: 8636954
    • Haynes KA, Westerneng TJ. Rapid identification of Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei by species-specific PCR of large subunit ribosomal DNA. J Med Microbiol. 1996;44:390–6.
    • (1996) J Med Microbiol , vol.44 , pp. 390-396
    • Haynes, K.A.1    Westerneng, T.J.2
  • 23
    • 0344082197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid identification of yeasts commonly found in positive blood cultures by amplification of the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXptVCitLs%3D, PID: 14557922
    • Li YL, Leaw SN, Chen JH, Chang HC, Chang TC. Rapid identification of yeasts commonly found in positive blood cultures by amplification of the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003;22:693–6.
    • (2003) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 693-696
    • Li, Y.L.1    Leaw, S.N.2    Chen, J.H.3    Chang, H.C.4    Chang, T.C.5
  • 24
    • 80052203445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of two new molecular methods for identification of Candida parapsilosis sensu lato species
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhs1Gltb7K, PID: 21795509
    • Garcia-Effron G, Canton E, Peman J, Dilger A, Roma E, Perlin DS. Assessment of two new molecular methods for identification of Candida parapsilosis sensu lato species. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:3257–61.
    • (2011) J Clin Microbiol , vol.49 , pp. 3257-3261
    • Garcia-Effron, G.1    Canton, E.2    Peman, J.3    Dilger, A.4    Roma, E.5    Perlin, D.S.6
  • 25
    • 80052207540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid discrimination between Candida glabrata, Candida nivariensis, and Candida bracarensis by use of a singleplex PCR
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhs1Gltb%2FK, PID: 21752976
    • Enache-Angoulvant A, Guitard J, Grenouillet F, et al. Rapid discrimination between Candida glabrata, Candida nivariensis, and Candida bracarensis by use of a singleplex PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:3375–9.
    • (2011) J Clin Microbiol , vol.49 , pp. 3375-3379
    • Enache-Angoulvant, A.1    Guitard, J.2    Grenouillet, F.3
  • 26
    • 84939915697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Third edition
    • Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. Third edition. Document M27-A3. 2008.
    • (2008) Document M27-A3
  • 27
    • 84939915698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeast: fourth informational supplement—CLSI document M27-S4-Wayne
    • Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeast: fourth informational supplement—CLSI document M27-S4-Wayne, PA. 2012.
    • (2012) PA
  • 28
    • 0031917146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulvovaginal candidiasis: epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1c7mtVWisw%3D%3D, PID: 9500475
    • Sobel JD, Faro S, Force RW, et al. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;178:203–11.
    • (1998) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.178 , pp. 203-211
    • Sobel, J.D.1    Faro, S.2    Force, R.W.3
  • 29
    • 79959755226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidosis: a mycological perspective
    • PID: 21599498
    • Ilkit M, Guzel AB. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidosis: a mycological perspective. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2011;37:250–61.
    • (2011) Crit Rev Microbiol , vol.37 , pp. 250-261
    • Ilkit, M.1    Guzel, A.B.2
  • 31
    • 33750852015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: unresolved issues
    • PID: 17064642
    • Sobel JD. Management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: unresolved issues. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2006;8:481–6.
    • (2006) Curr Infect Dis Rep , vol.8 , pp. 481-486
    • Sobel, J.D.1
  • 32
    • 0036891282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antifungal susceptibility of South African oral yeast isolates from HIV/AIDS patients and healthy individuals
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XovFekt7g%3D, PID: 12458124
    • Blignaut E, Messer S, Hollis RJ, Pfaller MA. Antifungal susceptibility of South African oral yeast isolates from HIV/AIDS patients and healthy individuals. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2002;44:169–74.
    • (2002) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.44 , pp. 169-174
    • Blignaut, E.1    Messer, S.2    Hollis, R.J.3    Pfaller, M.A.4
  • 33
    • 42449106925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of vaginal-flora Candida species isolates from women of different age groups by use of species-specific PCR detection
    • PID: 18305136
    • Vermitsky JP, Self MJ, Chadwick SG, et al. Survey of vaginal-flora Candida species isolates from women of different age groups by use of species-specific PCR detection. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:1501–3.
    • (2008) J Clin Microbiol , vol.46 , pp. 1501-1503
    • Vermitsky, J.P.1    Self, M.J.2    Chadwick, S.G.3
  • 34
    • 0030638632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of and risk factors for fungal vaginitis caused by non-albicans species
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2s7ns1Gltw%3D%3D, PID: 9024104
    • Spinillo A, Capuzzo E, Gulminetti R, Marone P, Colonna L, Piazzi G. Prevalence of and risk factors for fungal vaginitis caused by non-albicans species. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;176:138–41.
    • (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.176 , pp. 138-141
    • Spinillo, A.1    Capuzzo, E.2    Gulminetti, R.3    Marone, P.4    Colonna, L.5    Piazzi, G.6
  • 35
    • 0035571946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginal candidiasis: etiology and sensitivity profile to antifungal agents in clinical use
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhtlagtbY%3D, PID: 11833253
    • Saporiti AM, Gomez D, Levalle S, et al. Vaginal candidiasis: etiology and sensitivity profile to antifungal agents in clinical use. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2001;33:217–22.
    • (2001) Rev Argent Microbiol , vol.33 , pp. 217-222
    • Saporiti, A.M.1    Gomez, D.2    Levalle, S.3
  • 36
    • 18544390708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antifungal susceptibilities of Candida species causing vulvovaginitis and epidemiology of recurrent cases
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXkvFOqsLw%3D, PID: 15872235
    • Richter SS, Galask RP, Messer SA, Hollis RJ, Diekema DJ, Pfaller MA. Antifungal susceptibilities of Candida species causing vulvovaginitis and epidemiology of recurrent cases. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:2155–62.
    • (2005) J Clin Microbiol , vol.43 , pp. 2155-2162
    • Richter, S.S.1    Galask, R.P.2    Messer, S.A.3    Hollis, R.J.4    Diekema, D.J.5    Pfaller, M.A.6
  • 37
    • 8344222668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Candida albicans and Candida non-albicans in clinical samples during 1999–2001
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2crot1Shsg%3D%3D, PID: 15559191
    • Mujica MT, Finquelievich JL, Jewtuchowicz V, Iovannitti CA. Prevalence of Candida albicans and Candida non-albicans in clinical samples during 1999–2001. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2004;36:107–12.
    • (2004) Rev Argent Microbiol , vol.36 , pp. 107-112
    • Mujica, M.T.1    Finquelievich, J.L.2    Jewtuchowicz, V.3    Iovannitti, C.A.4
  • 38
    • 68649083464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and antifungal profile of Candida isolated from vaginal exudates of preadolescent girls
    • PID: 19403204
    • Giusiano G, Rojas F, Toma-Vanacore S, Mangiaterra M. Frequency and antifungal profile of Candida isolated from vaginal exudates of preadolescent girls. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2009;27:428.
    • (2009) Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin , vol.27 , pp. 428
    • Giusiano, G.1    Rojas, F.2    Toma-Vanacore, S.3    Mangiaterra, M.4
  • 39
    • 33745134385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of vaginal candidiasis in pregnant women. Identification of yeasts and susceptibility to antifungal agents
    • PID: 16784126
    • Garcia HM, Garcia SD, Copolillo EF, et al. Prevalence of vaginal candidiasis in pregnant women. Identification of yeasts and susceptibility to antifungal agents. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2006;38:9–12.
    • (2006) Rev Argent Microbiol , vol.38 , pp. 9-12
    • Garcia, H.M.1    Garcia, S.D.2    Copolillo, E.F.3
  • 40
    • 10744224636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An epidemiological survey of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Italy
    • PID: 12932875
    • Corsello S, Spinillo A, Osnengo G, et al. An epidemiological survey of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Italy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2003;110:66–72.
    • (2003) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol , vol.110 , pp. 66-72
    • Corsello, S.1    Spinillo, A.2    Osnengo, G.3
  • 41
    • 12944259082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of acute vulvovaginitis in sexually active adult women, with special reference to candidosis, in patients of the Francisco J. Muniz Infectious Diseases Hospital
    • PID: 15709796
    • Buscemi L, Arechavala A, Negroni R. Study of acute vulvovaginitis in sexually active adult women, with special reference to candidosis, in patients of the Francisco J. Muniz Infectious Diseases Hospital. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2004;21:177–81.
    • (2004) Rev Iberoam Micol , vol.21 , pp. 177-181
    • Buscemi, L.1    Arechavala, A.2    Negroni, R.3
  • 42
    • 38349136231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and susceptibility against fluconazole and albaconazole of 100 yeasts’ strains isolated from vaginal discharge
    • PID: 18095765
    • Arechavala AI, Bianchi MH, Robles AM, Santiso G, Negroni R. Identification and susceptibility against fluconazole and albaconazole of 100 yeasts’ strains isolated from vaginal discharge. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2007;24:305–8.
    • (2007) Rev Iberoam Micol , vol.24 , pp. 305-308
    • Arechavala, A.I.1    Bianchi, M.H.2    Robles, A.M.3    Santiso, G.4    Negroni, R.5
  • 43
    • 0026062881 scopus 로고
    • Major trends in the microbial etiology of nosocomial infection
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2Fis1aisg%3D%3D, PID: 1928195
    • Schaberg DR, Culver DH, Gaynes RP. Major trends in the microbial etiology of nosocomial infection. Am J Med. 1991;91:72S–5S.
    • (1991) Am J Med , vol.91 , pp. 72S-75S
    • Schaberg, D.R.1    Culver, D.H.2    Gaynes, R.P.3
  • 44
    • 33749430619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 5-year (2000–2004) epidemiological survey of Candida and non-Candida yeast species causing vulvovaginal candidiasis in Graz, Austria
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28rptlahtw%3D%3D, PID: 17022763
    • Paulitsch A, Weger W, Ginter-Hanselmayer G, Marth E, Buzina W. A 5-year (2000–2004) epidemiological survey of Candida and non-Candida yeast species causing vulvovaginal candidiasis in Graz, Austria. Mycoses. 2006;49:471–5.
    • (2006) Mycoses , vol.49 , pp. 471-475
    • Paulitsch, A.1    Weger, W.2    Ginter-Hanselmayer, G.3    Marth, E.4    Buzina, W.5
  • 45
    • 84863887190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yeast vaginitis during pregnancy: susceptibility testing of 13 antifungal drugs and boric acid and the detection of four virulence factors
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtVOjt7bF, PID: 22369624
    • Kalkanci A, Guzel AB, Khalil II, Aydin M, Ilkit M, Kustimur S. Yeast vaginitis during pregnancy: susceptibility testing of 13 antifungal drugs and boric acid and the detection of four virulence factors. Med Mycol. 2012;50:585–93.
    • (2012) Med Mycol , vol.50 , pp. 585-593
    • Kalkanci, A.1    Guzel, A.B.2    Khalil, I.I.3    Aydin, M.4    Ilkit, M.5    Kustimur, S.6
  • 46
    • 84874092703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility, and pathogenicity of Candida africana isolates from the United Kingdom
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXlvV2kt7k%3D, PID: 23303503
    • Borman AM, Szekely A, Linton CJ, Palmer MD, Brown P, Johnson EM. Epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility, and pathogenicity of Candida africana isolates from the United Kingdom. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51:967–72.
    • (2013) J Clin Microbiol , vol.51 , pp. 967-972
    • Borman, A.M.1    Szekely, A.2    Linton, C.J.3    Palmer, M.D.4    Brown, P.5    Johnson, E.M.6
  • 47
    • 0033857753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-Resistance of clinical isolates of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata to over-the-counter azoles used in the treatment of vaginitis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnsVOkt7g%3D, PID: 10990271
    • Cross EW, Park S, Perlin DS. Cross-Resistance of clinical isolates of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata to over-the-counter azoles used in the treatment of vaginitis. Microb Drug Resist. 2000;6:155–61.
    • (2000) Microb Drug Resist , vol.6 , pp. 155-161
    • Cross, E.W.1    Park, S.2    Perlin, D.S.3
  • 48
    • 0034914137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility profile of vaginal yeast isolates from Brazil
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtleit7s%3D, PID: 11502064
    • Ribeiro MA, Dietze R, Paula CR, Da Matta DA, Colombo AL. Susceptibility profile of vaginal yeast isolates from Brazil. Mycopathologia. 2001;151:5–10.
    • (2001) Mycopathologia , vol.151 , pp. 5-10
    • Ribeiro, M.A.1    Dietze, R.2    Paula, C.R.3    Da Matta, D.A.4    Colombo, A.L.5
  • 49
    • 4143079095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance fluconazole therapy for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXntVOqtbg%3D, PID: 15329425
    • Sobel JD, Wiesenfeld HC, Martens M, et al. Maintenance fluconazole therapy for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:876–83.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 876-883
    • Sobel, J.D.1    Wiesenfeld, H.C.2    Martens, M.3
  • 50
    • 84885923691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive infections due to Candida norvegensis and Candida inconspicua: report of 12 cases and review of the literature
    • Guitard J, Angoulvant A, Letscher-Bru V, et al. Invasive infections due to Candida norvegensis and Candida inconspicua: report of 12 cases and review of the literature. Med Mycol. 2013;51(8):795–799.
    • (2013) Med Mycol , vol.51 , Issue.8 , pp. 795-799
    • Guitard, J.1    Angoulvant, A.2    Letscher-Bru, V.3
  • 51
    • 0036208480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro activity of nystatin compared with those of liposomal nystatin, amphotericin B, and fluconazole against clinical Candida isolates
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjtlCms78%3D, PID: 11923365
    • Arikan S, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Lozano-Chiu M, et al. In vitro activity of nystatin compared with those of liposomal nystatin, amphotericin B, and fluconazole against clinical Candida isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:1406–12.
    • (2002) J Clin Microbiol , vol.40 , pp. 1406-1412
    • Arikan, S.1    Ostrosky-Zeichner, L.2    Lozano-Chiu, M.3
  • 52
    • 0032862342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-vitro antifungal activity of liposomal nystatin in comparison with nystatin, amphotericin B cholesteryl sulphate, liposomal amphotericin B, amphotericin B lipid complex, amphotericin B desoxycholate, fluconazole and itraconazole
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmt1aqtL0%3D, PID: 10511410
    • Carrillo-Munoz AJ, Quindos G, Tur C, et al. In-vitro antifungal activity of liposomal nystatin in comparison with nystatin, amphotericin B cholesteryl sulphate, liposomal amphotericin B, amphotericin B lipid complex, amphotericin B desoxycholate, fluconazole and itraconazole. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1999;44:397–401.
    • (1999) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.44 , pp. 397-401
    • Carrillo-Munoz, A.J.1    Quindos, G.2    Tur, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.