Obtaining self-samples to diagnose curable sexually transmitted infections: A systematic review of patients' experiences

PLoS ONE

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2015, Pages

  Paudyal, Priyamvada ^a   Llewellyn, Carrie ^a   Lau, Jason ^a   Mahmud, Mohammad ^b   Smith, Helen ^a  

^a BRIGHTON AND SUSSEX MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b Thames Postgrad Med Dental Educ   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PAIN; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PATIENT PREFERENCE; PATIENT SAFETY; PATIENT WORRY; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; SAMPLING; SELF ESTEEM; SELF REPORT; SELF SAMPLING; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TRUST; ADULT; FEMALE; MALE; META ANALYSIS; SELF CARE; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SPECIMEN HANDLING;

ADULT; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PATIENT OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; SELF CARE; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SPECIMEN HANDLING;

EID: 84929486145     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124310     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. WHO (2013) Sexually transmitted infections. Geneva: WHO. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs110/en/Accessed on 23 May 2013 Accessed on May 23 2013.
2. Development Economics (2013) The Financial and Economic Impacts of Restricted Contraceptive and Sexual Health Services. (https://www.myhealth.london.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/Unprotected%20Nation.pdfAccessed on 24 May 2013.
3. Lippman SA, Jones HE, Luppi CG, Pinho AA, Veras MAM, van de Wijgert JH (2007) Home-based selfsampling and self-testing for sexually transmitted infections: Acceptable and feasible alternatives toprovider-based screening in low-income women in São Paulo, Brazil. Sexually transmitted diseases 34: 421-428. PMID: 17091118.
4. Mayaud P, Mabey D (2004) Approaches to the control of sexually transmitted infections in developing countries: old problems and modern challenges. Sexually transmitted infections 80: 174-182. PMID: 15169997.
5. Greenland KE, de Coul ELO, van Bergen JE, Brouwers EE, Fennema HJ, Götz HM, et al. (2011) Acceptability of the internet-based Chlamydia screening implementation in the Netherlands and insights into nonresponse. Sexually transmitted diseases 38: 467-474. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318204546e PMID: 21217416.
6. WHO (2008) Global incidence and prevalence of selected curable sexually transmitted infection -2008. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/75181/1/9789241503839-eng.pdf Accessed on May 29 2008.
7. Garland SM, Tabrizi SN (2004) Diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (STI) using self-collected non-invasive specimens. Sexual health 1: 121-126. PMID: 16334994.
8. LaMontagne D, Fenton K, Randall S, Anderson S, Carter P (2004) Establishing the National Chlamydia Screening Programme in England: results from the first full year of screening. Sexually transmitted infections 80: 335-341. PMID: 15459399.
9. Adams EJ, Turner KM, Edmunds WJ (2007) The cost effectiveness of opportunistic chlamydia screening in England. Sexually transmitted infections 83: 267-275. PMID: 17475686.
10. Low N, McCarthy A, Macleod J, Salisbury C, Campbell R, Roberts TE, et al. (2007) Epidemiological, social, diagnostic and economic evaluation of population screening for genital chlamydial infection. Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) 11: iii-iv, ix-xii, 1-165.
11. Stewart DE, Gagliardi A, Johnston M, Howlett R, Barata P, Lewis N, et al. (2007) Self-collected samples for testing of oncogenic human papillomavirus: A systematic review. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 29: 817-828. PMID: 17915065.
12. Huynh J, Howard M, Lytwyn A (2010) Self-collection for vaginal human papillomavirus testing: systematic review of studies asking women their perceptions. Journal of lower genital tract disease 14: 356-362. doi:10.1097/LGT.0b013e3181dc115b PMID: 20885165.
13. Mavedzenge S (2011) HIV self-testing among health workers: A review of the literature and discussion of current practices, issues and options for increasing access to HIV testing in Sub-Saharan Africa. Geneva: World Health Organization.
14. Odesanmi TY, Wasti SP, Odesanmi OS, Adegbola O, Oguntuase OO, Mahmood S (2013) Comparative effectiveness and acceptability of home-based and clinic-based sampling methods for sexually transmissible infections screening in females aged 14-50 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sexual health 10: 559-569. doi:10.1071/SH13029 PMID: 24160747.
15. Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke P (2007) The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Preventive medicine 45: 247-251. PMID: 17950122.
16. Richardson E, Sellors JW, Mackinnon S, Woodcox V, Howard M, Karwalajtys T, et al. (2003) Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infections and specimen collection preference among women, using self-collected vaginal swabs in community settings. Sexually transmitted diseases 30: 880-885. PMID: 14646634.
17. Dodge B, Van Der Pol B, Rosenberger J, Reece M, Roth A, Herbenick D, et al. (2010) Field collection of rectal samples for sexually transmitted infection diagnostics among men who have sex with men. International journal of STD & AIDS 21: 260-264.
18. Rosenberger JG, Dodge B, Van Der Pol B, Reece M, Herbenick D, Fortenberry JD (2011) Reactions to self-sampling for ano-rectal sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men: A qualitative study. Archives of sexual behavior 40: 281-288. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9569-4 PMID: 19847636.
19. Huppert JS, Hesse EA, Bernard MA, Xiao Y, Huang B, Gaydos CA (2011) Acceptability of self-testing for trichomoniasis increases with experience. Sexually transmitted infections 87: 494-500. doi:10.1136/sextrans-2011-050037 PMID: 21795289.
20. Huppert JS, Hesse EA, Bernard MC, Bates JR, Gaydos CA, Kahn JA (2012) Accuracy and trust of selftesting for bacterial vaginosis. Journal of Adolescent Health 51: 400-405. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.01.017PMID: 22999842.
21. Markos A, Wade A, Walzman M, Shahmanesh M (1994) Self sampling as part of screening for sexually transmitted diseases in clinic attenders. A preliminary study. International journal of STD & AIDS 5: 284-286.
22. MacMillan S, McKenzie H, Flett G, Templeton A (2000) Feasibility of patient-collected vulval swabs for the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis in a family planning clinic: A pilot study. British Journal of Family Planning 26: 202-206. PMID: 11053875.
23. Stephenson J, Carder C, Copas A, Robinson A, Ridgway G, Haines A. (2000) Home screening for chlamydial genital infection: is it acceptable to young men and women? Sexually transmitted infections 76: 25-27. PMID: 10817064.
24. Holland-Hall C, Wiesenfeld H, Murray P (2002) Self-collected vaginal swabs for the detection of multiple sexually transmitted infections in adolescent girls. Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology 15: 307-313. PMID: 12547662.
25. Serlin M, Shafer M-A, Tebb K, Gyamfi A-A, Moncada J, Schachter J, et al. (2002) What Sexually Transmitted Disease Screening Method Does the Adolescent Prefer?: Adolescents' Attitudes Toward First- Void Urine, Self-collected Vaginal Swab, and Pelvic Examination. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 156: 588-591.
26. Bloomfield P, Steiner K, Kent C, Klausner J (2003) Repeat chlamydia screening by mail, San Francisco. Sexually transmitted infections 79: 28-30. PMID: 12576609.
27. Newman SB, Nelson MB, Gaydos CA, Friedman HB (2003) Female prisoners' preferences of collection methods for testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. Sexually transmitted diseases 30: 306-309. PMID: 12671549.
28. Pimenta J, Catchpole M, Rogers P, Perkins E, Jackson N, Carlisle C, et al. (2003) Opportunistic screening for genital chlamydial infection. I: Acceptability of urine testing in primary and secondary healthcare settings. Sexually transmitted infections 79: 16-21. PMID: 12576607.
29. Chernesky MA, Hook EW III, Martin DH, Lane J, Johnson R, Jordan JA, et al. (2005) Women find it easy and prefer to collect their own vaginal swabs to diagnose Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. Sexually transmitted diseases 32: 729-733. PMID: 16314768.
30. Gaydos CA, Dwyer K, Barnes M, Rizzo-Price PA, Wood BJ, Flemming T et al. (2006) Internet-based screening for Chlamydia trachomatis to reach nonclinic populations with mailed self-administered vaginal swabs. Sexually transmitted diseases 33: 451-457. PMID: 16652069.
31. Hoebe CJ, Rademaker CW, Brouwers EE, Ter Waarbeek HL, Van Bergen JE (2006) Acceptability of self-taken vaginal swabs and first-catch urine samples for the diagnosis of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae with an amplified DNA assay in young women attending a public health sexually transmitted disease clinic. Sexually transmitted diseases 33: 491-495. PMID: 16547452.
32. Van De Wijgert J, Altini L, Jones H, De Kock A, Young T, Williamson AL et al. (2006) Two methods of self-sampling compared to clinician sampling to detect reproductive tract infections in Gugulethu, South Africa. Sexually transmitted diseases 33: 516-523. PMID: 16572041.
33. Jones HE, Altini L, de Kock A, Young T, van de Wijgert JH (2007) Home-based versus clinic-based self-sampling and testing for sexually transmitted infections in Gugulethu, South Africa: randomised controlled trial. Sexually transmitted infections 83: 552-557. PMID: 17901084.
34. Papp JR, Ahrens K, Phillips C, Kent CK, Philip S, Klausner JD (2007) The use and performance of oral -throat rinses to detect pharyngealNeisseria gonorrhoeaeand Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease 59: 259-264. PMID: 17662554.
35. van der Helm JJ, Hoebe CJ, van Rooijen MS, Brouwers EE, Fennema HS, Thiesbrummel HF, et al. (2009) High performance and acceptability of self-collected rectal swabs for diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in men who have sex with men and women. Sexually transmitted diseases 36: 493-497. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181a44b8c PMID: 19617869.
36. Wayal S, Llewellyn C, Smith H, Hankins M, Phillips A, Richardson D, et al. (2009) Self-sampling for oropharyngeal and rectal specimens to screen for sexually transmitted infections: Acceptability among men who have sex with men. Sexually transmitted infections 85: 60-64. doi:10.1136/sti.2008.032193 PMID: 18708480.
37. Brown L, Patel S, Ives N, McDermott C, Ross J (2010) Is non-invasive testing for sexually transmitted infections an efficient and acceptable alternative for patients? A randomised controlled trial. Sexually transmitted infections 86: 525-531. doi:10.1136/sti.2009.039479 PMID: 20798395.
38. Chai SJ, Aumakhan B, Barnes M, Jett-Goheen M, Quinn N, Agreda P, et al. (2010) Internet-based screening for sexually transmitted infections to reach nonclinic populations in the community: risk factors for infection in men. Sexually transmitted diseases 37: 756. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181e3d771 PMID: 20644498.
39. Graseck AS, Secura GM, Allsworth JE, Madden T, Peipert JF (2010) Home compared with clinic-based screening for sexually transmitted infections: A randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics and gynecology 116: 1311. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181fae60d PMID: 21099596.
40. Kimmitt PT, Tabrizi S, Crosatti M, Garland S, Schober P, Rajkumar K, et al. (2010) Pilot study of the utility and acceptability of tampon sampling for the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections by duplex realtime polymerase chain reaction in United Kingdom sex workers. International journal of STD & AIDS 21: 279-282.
41. Reagan MM, Xu H, Shih SL, Secura GM, Peipert JF (2012) A randomized trial of home versus clinic-based sexually transmitted disease screening among men. Sexually transmitted diseases 39: 842-847. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3182649165PMID: 23064532.
42. Tanksale V, Sahasrabhojanee M, Patel V, Nevrekar P, Menezes S, Mabey D. (2003) The reliability of a structured examination protocol and self administered vaginal swabs: A pilot study of gynaecological outpatients in Goa, India. Sexually transmitted infections 79: 251-253. PMID: 12794216.
43. Roth A, Rosenberger J, Reece M, Van Der Pol B (2013) Expanding sexually transmitted infection screening among women and men engaging in transactional sex: the feasibility of field-based selfcollection. International journal of STD & AIDS 24: 323-328.
44. Gudka S, Marshall L, Creagh A, Clifford RM (2013) To develop and measure the effectiveness and acceptability of a pharmacy-based chlamydia screening intervention in Australia. BMJ open 3.
45. Gaydos CA, Barnes M, Jett-Goheen M, Quinn N, Whittle P, Hogan T, et al. (2013) Characteristics and predictors of women who obtain rescreening for sexually transmitted infections using the www. iwantthekit.org screening programme. International journal of STD & AIDS 24: 736-744.
46. Freeman AH, Bernstein KT, Kohn RP, Philip S, Rauch LM, Klausner JD (2011) Evaluation of selfcollected versus clinician-collected swabs for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae pharyngeal infection among men who have sex with men. Sexually transmitted diseases 38: 1036-1039. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318227713e PMID: 21992980.
47. Wiesenfeld HC, Lowry DL, Heine RP, Krohn MA, Bittner H, Kellinger K, et al. (2001) Self-collection of vaginal swabs for the detection of Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis: opportunity to encourage sexually transmitted disease testing among adolescents. Sexually transmitted diseases 28: 321-325. PMID: 11403188.
48. Hsieh Y-H, Howell M, Gaydos J, McKee K, Quinn T, Gaydos CA (2003) Preference among female Army recruits for use of self-administrated vaginal swabs or urine to screen for Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections. Sexually transmitted diseases 30: 769-773. PMID: 14520176.
49. Graseck AS, Secura GM, Allsworth JE, Madden T, Peipert JF (2010) Home screening compared with clinic-based screening for sexually transmitted infections. Obstetrics and gynecology 115: 745. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181d4450d PMID: 20308834.
50. Götz HM, Veldhuijzen IK, van Bergen JE, Hoebe CJ, de Zwart O, Richardus JH, et al. (2005) Acceptability and consequences of screening for chlamydia trachomatis by home-based urine testing. Sexually transmitted diseases 32: 557-562. PMID: 16118604.
51. Mahilum-Tapay L, Laitila V, Wawrzyniak JJ, Lee HH, Alexander S, Ison C, et al. (2007) New point of care Chlamydia Rapid Test-bridging the gap between diagnosis and treatment: performance evaluation study. Bmj 335: 1190-1194. PMID: 18055487.
52. Fielder RL, Carey KB, Carey MP (2013) Acceptability of sexually transmitted infection testing using self-collected vaginal swabs among college women. Journal of American College Health 61: 46-53. doi:10.1080/07448481.2012.750610 PMID: 23305544.
53. Kwan KS, Jachimowicz EA, Bastian L, Marshall L, Mak DB (2012) Online chlamydia testing: An innovative approach that appeals to young people. Medical Journal of Australia 197: 287. PMID: 22938127.
54. Bloomfield PJ, Kent C, Campbell D, Hanbrook L, Klausner JD (2002) Community-based chlamydia and gonorrhea screening through the United States mail, San Francisco. Sexually transmitted diseases 29: 294-297. PMID: 11984447.
55. Berwald N, Cheng S, Augenbraun M, Abu-Lawi K, Lucchesi M, Zehtabchi S (2009) Self-administered Vaginal Swabs Are a Feasible Alternative to Physician-assisted Cervical Swabs for Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening in the Emergency Department. Academic Emergency Medicine 16: 360-363. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00359.x PMID: 19220203.
56. Fenton KA, Copas A, Mitchell K, Elam G, Carder C, Ridgway G, et al. (2001) The acceptability of urinary LCR testing for Chlamydia trachomatis among participants in a probability sample survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles. Sexually transmitted infections 77: 194-198. PMID: 11402228.
57. Wayal S, Llewellyn C, Smith H, Fisher M (2011) Home sampling kits for sexually transmitted infections: preferences and concerns of men who have sex with men. Culture, health & sexuality 13: 343-353.
58. Tebb KP, Paukku MH, Pai-Dhungat MR, Gyamfi A-A, Shafer M-AB (2004) Home STI testing: the adolescent female's opinion. Journal of Adolescent Health 35: 462-467. PMID: 15581525.
59. Kohli R, Konya WP, Obura T, Stones W, Revathi G (2013) Prevalence of genital chlamydia infection in urban women of reproductive age, Nairobi, Kenya. BMC research notes 6: 44. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-6-44PMID 23375142.
60. Chandeying V, Lamlertkittikul S, Skov S (2004) A comparison of first-void urine, self-administered low vaginal swab, self-inserted tampon, and endocervical swab using PCR tests for the detection of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. Sexual health 1: 51-54. PMID: 16335296.
61. Shih SL, Graseck AS, Secura GM, Peipert JF (2011) Screening for STIs at Home or in the Clinic? Current opinion in infectious diseases 24: 78doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32834204a8 PMID: 21124216.
62. Mavedzenge SN, Baggaley R, Corbett EL (2013) A review of self-testing for HIV: research and policy priorities in a new era of HIV prevention. Clinical infectious diseases 57: 126-138. doi:10.1093/cid/cit156 PMID: 23487385.
63. Howard EJ, Xu F, Taylor SN, Stoner BP, Mena L, Nsuami MJ, et al. (2011) Screening methods for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in sexually transmitted infection clinics: what do patients prefer? Sexually transmitted infections 87: 149-151. doi: 10.1136/sti.2010.045807 PMID: 21076139.
64. Basta MS, Handy P, Hussey J, Patel D, Sankar K (2009) Do asymptomatic patients attending genitourinary medicine clinics for a sexual health screen want to be examined? a pilot study. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education 47: 40-43.
65. Forrest S, McCaffery K, Waller J, Desai M, Szarewski A, Cadman L, et al. (2004) Attitudes to selfsampling for HPV among Indian, Pakistani, African-Caribbean and white British women in Manchester, UK. Journal of medical screening 11: 85-88. PMID: 15153323.
66. Howard M, Lytwyn A, Redwood-Campbell L, Fowler N, Karwalajtys T (2009) Barriers to acceptance of self-sampling for human papillomavirus across ethnolinguistic groups of women. Can J Public Health 100: 365-369. PMID: 19994740.
67. Gudka S, Misaghian J, Clifford RM (2013) Future Pharmacy-Based Chlamydia Screening: Consumer Preference. Journal of Pharmacy Practice & Research 43.