More than cosmetic changes: Taking stock of personal care product safety

Environmental Health Perspectives

Volumn 123, Issue 5, 2015, Pages A120-A127

  Kessler, Rebecca ^a  

^a NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COSMETIC; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR; ENVIRONMENTAL, INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC CHEMICALS; HAIR CARE PRODUCT; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUG MARKETING; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; HEALTH HAZARD; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; LEGAL ASPECT; PATENT; POLICY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROCESS DEVELOPMENT; PRODUCT SAFETY; RISK FACTOR;

CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY; COSMETICS; HUMANS;

EID: 84929466700     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: 15529924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.123-A120     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Johnson & Johnson. Our Safety & Care Commitment [website]. New Brunswick, NJ: Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. (updated 19 January 2015). Available: http://www.safetyandcarecommitment.com/commitment [accessed 26 April 2015].
2. Bitsch N, et al. Estrogenic activity of musk fragrances detected by the E-screen assay using human mcf-7 cells. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 43(3):257-264 (2002); doi:10.1007/s00244-002-1192-5.
3. Thomas K. The ‘no more tears’ shampoo, now with no formaldehyde. The New York Times, Business Day section (17 January 2014). Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/18/business/johnson-johnson-takes-first-step-in-removal-of-questionable-chemicals-from-products.html?r=0 [accessed 26 April 2015].
4. Campaign for Safe Cosmetics. Chemicals of Concern [website]. San Francisco, CA:Campaign for Safe Cosmetics (2015). Available: http://www.safecosmetics.org/get-the-facts/chemicals-of-concern/ [accessed 26 April 2015].
5. FDA. Is It a Cosmetic, a Drug, or Both? (Or Is It Soap?) [website]. Silver Spring, MD:U.S. Food and Drug Administration (updated 24 March 2015). Available: http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/GuidanceRegulation/LawsRegulations/ucm074201.htm [accessed 26 April 2015].
6. FDA. FDA Authority over Cosmetics [website]. Silver Spring, MD:U.S. Food and Drug Administration (updated 20 March 2014). Available: http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/GuidanceRegulation/LawsRegulations/ucm074162.htm [accessed 26 April 2015].
7. EWG. EWG’s Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database [website]. Washington, DC:Environmental Working Group (2015). Available: http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ [accessed 26 April 2015].
8. Wolff MS, et al. Investigation of relationships between urinary biomarkers of phytoestrogens, phthalates, and phenols and pubertal stages in girls. Environ Health Perspect 118(7):1039-1046 (2010); doi:10.1289/ehp.0901690.
9. Routledge EJ, et al. Some alkyl hydroxy benzoate preservatives (parabens) are estrogenic. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 153(1):12-19 (1998); doi:10.1006/taap.1998.8544.
10. Stoker TE, et al. Triclosan exposure modulates estrogen-dependent responses in the female wistar rat. Toxicol Sci 117(1):45-53 (2010); doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfq180.
11. NTP. 13th Report on Carcinogens (2014). Research Triangle Park, NC:National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2014). Available: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/pubhealth/roc/roc13/index.html [accessed 26 April 2015].
12. Castanedo-Tardana MP, Zug K. Methylisothiazolinone. Dermatitis 24(1):2-6 (2013); doi:10.1097/DER.0b013e31827edc73.
13. Abrams R. Growing scrutiny for an allergy trigger used in personal care products. The New York Times, Business Day section (23 January 2015). Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/24/ business/allergy-trigger-found-in-many-personal-care-items-comes-under-greater-scrutiny.html [accessed 26 April 2015].
14. CIR. Ingredients Found Unsafe for Use in Cosmetics [website]. Washington, DC:Cosmetic Ingredient Review (2015). Available http://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/U-unsafe%202-02- 2012%20final.pdf [accessed 26 April 2015].
15. FDA. Phthalates [website]. Silver Spring, MD:U.S. Food and Drug Administration (updated 19 September 2014). Available: http:// www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/ProductsIngredients/Ingredients/ucm128250.htm [accessed 26 April 2015].
16. FDA. Parabens [website]. Silver Spring, MD:U.S. Food and Drug Administration (updated 31 October 2007). Available: http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/ProductsIngredients/Ingredients/ucm128042.htm [accessed 26 April 2015].
17. FDA. Prohibited & Restricted Ingredients [website]. Silver Spring, MD:U.S. Food and Drug Administration (updated 26 January 2015). Available: http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/GuidanceRegulation/LawsRegulations/ucm127406.htm [accessed 26 April 2015].
18. FDA. Safety and effectiveness of consumer antiseptics; topical antimicrobial drug products for over-the-counter human use; proposed amendment of the tentative final monograph; reopening of administrative record. Fed Reg 78(242):76443-76478 (2013); https://federalregister.gov/a/2013-29814.
19. FDA. FDA Issues Proposed Rule to Determine Safety and Effectiveness of Antibacterial Soaps [press release]. Silver Spring, MD:U.S. Food and Drug Administration (16 December 2013). Available: http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm378542.htm [accessed 26 April 2015].
20. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. v. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, et al., No. 10 Civ. 5690 (AKH), Consent Decree, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York (21 November 2013). Available: http://www.hpm.com/pdf/blog/NRDC%20-%20Triclosan%20CD.pdf [accessed 26 April 2015].
21. EWG. Why This Matters—Cosmetics and Your Health [website]. Washington, DC:Environmental Working Group (2015). Available: http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/2011/04/12/why-this-matters/ [accessed 26 April 2015].
22. Janjua NR, et al. Systemic uptake of diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and butyl paraben following whole-body topical application and reproductive and thyroid hormone levels in humans. Environ Sci Technol 41(15):5564-5570 (2007); doi:10.1021/es0628755.
23. Just AC, et al. Urinary and air phthalate concentrations and self- reported use of personal care products among minority pregnant women in New York City. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 20(7):625-633 (2010); doi:10.1038/jes.2010.13.
24. Braun JM, et al. Personal care product use and urinary phthalate metabolite and paraben concentrations during pregnancy among women from a fertility clinic. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 24(5):459-466 (2014); doi:10.1038/jes.2013.69.
25. Romero-Franco M, et al. Personal care product use and urinary levels of phthalate metabolites in Mexican women. Environ Int 37(5):867-871 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.envint.2011.02.014.
26. Sathyanarayana S, et al. Baby care products: possible sources of infant phthalate exposure. Pediatrics 121(2):e260-e268 (2008); doi:10.1542/peds.2006-3766.
27. Kobrosly RW, et al. Prenatal phthalate exposures and neurobehavioral development scores in boys and girls at 6-10 years of age. Environ Health Perspect 122(5):521-528; doi:10.1289/ehp.1307063.
28. Ormond G, et al. Endocrine disruptors in the workplace, hair spray, folate supplementation, and risk of hypospadias: case-control study. Environ Health Perspect 117(2):303-307 (2009); doi:10.1289/ehp.11933.
29. Swan SH, et al. Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure. Environ Health Perspect 113(8):1056-1061 (2005); doi:10.1289/ehp.8100.
30. Vandenberg LN, et al. Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocr Rev 33(3):378-455 (2012); doi:10.1210/er.2011-1050.
31. Myers SL, et al. Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity of off-the- shelf hair and skin care products. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 25(3):271-277 (2015); doi:10.1038/jes.2014.32.
32. Halder RM. Hair and scalp disorders in blacks. Cutis 32(4):378-380 (1983); PMID:6226494.
33. Scott DA. Disorders of the hair and scalp in blacks. Dermatol Clin 6(3):387-395 (1988); PMID:3048821.
34. Tiwary CM. A survey of use of hormone/placenta-containing hair preparations by patients and/or children attending pediatric clinics. Mil Med 162(4):252-256 (1997); PMID:9110549.
35. James-Todd T, et al. Racial/ethnic differences in hormonally-active hair product use: a plausible risk factor for health disparities. J Immigr Minor Health 14(3):506-511 (2012); doi:10.1007/s10903-011-9482-5.
36. Li S-TT, et al. Hormone-containing hair product use in prepubertal children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 156(1):85-86 (2002); doi:10.1001/archpedi.156.1.85.
37. Tiwary CM. Premature sexual development in children following the use of estrogen- or placenta-containing hair products. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 37(12):733-739 (1998); doi:10.1177/000992289803701204.
38. Reagan PB, et al. African-American/white differences in the age of menarche: accounting for the difference. Soc Sci Med 75(7):1263-1270 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.05.018.
39. Baquet CR, et al. Breast cancer epidemiology in blacks and whites: disparities in incidence, mortality, survival rates and histology. J Natl Med Assoc 100(5):480-488 (2008); PMID:18507200.
40. Donovan M, et al. Personal care products that contain estrogens or xenoestrogens may increase breast cancer risk. Med Hypotheses 68(4):756-766 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.09.039.
41. Wise LA, et al. Hair relaxer use and risk of uterine leiomyomata in African-American women. Am J Epidemiol 175(5):432-440 (2012); doi:10.1093/aje/kwr351.
42. James-Todd T, et al. Childhood hair product use and earlier age at menarche in a racially diverse study population: a pilot study. Ann Epidemiol 21(6):461-465 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.01.009.
43. Silva MJ, et al. Urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites in the U.S. population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000. Environ Health Perspect 112(3):331-338 (2004); PMID:14998749.
44. Calafat AM, et al. Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003-2004. Environ Health Perspect 116(1):39-44 (2008); doi:10.1289/ehp.10753.
45. Barr DB, et al. Urinary concentrations of metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides in the general U.S. population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Environ Health Perspect 118(6):742-748 (2010); doi:10.1289/ehp.0901275.
46. Marshall LM, et al. Variation in the incidence of uterine leiomyoma among premenopausal women by age and race. Obstet Gynecol 90(6):967-973 (1997); PMID:9397113.
47. McCarthy AM, et al. Increasing disparities in breast cancer mortality from 1979 to 2010 for US black women aged 20 to 49 years. Am J Public Health; doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302297 [online 23 April 2015].
48. Perry AC, Martin L. Race differences in obesity and its relationship to the sex hormone milieu. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 19(3):151-161 (2014); doi:10.1515/hmbci-2014-0004.
49. Park RM, et al. Potential occupational risks for neurodegenerative diseases. Am J Ind Med 48(1):63-77 (2005); doi:10.1002/ajim.20178.
50. Takkouche B, et al. Risk of cancer among hairdressers and related workers: a meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 38(6):1512-1531 (2009); doi:10.1093/ije/dyp283.
51. Bradshaw L, et al. Self-reported work-related symptoms in hairdressers. Occup Med (London) 61(5):328-334 (2011); doi:10.1093/occmed/kqr089.
52. Baumgartner KB, et al. Occupational and environmental risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a multicenter case-control study. Collaborating Centers. Am J Epidemiol 152(4):307-315 (2000); doi:10.1093/aje/152.4.307.
53. Skoufi GI, et al. Work-related respiratory symptoms and airway disease in hairdressers. Int J Occup Environ Med 4(2):53-60 (2013); PMID:23567530.
54. Women’s Voices for the Earth. Beauty and Its Beast [website]. Missoula, MT:Women’s Voices for the Earth (2015). Available: http://www.womensvoices.org/issues/reports/beauty-and-its-beast/ [accessed 26 April 2015].
55. NPA. NPA Natural Standard for Personal Care Products [website]. Washington, DC:Natural Products Association (2015). Available: http://www.npainfo.org/NPA/NaturalSealCertification/NPANaturalStandardforPersonalCareProducts.aspx [accessed 26 April 2015].
56. FDA. Fragrances in Cosmetics [website]. Silver Spring, MD:U.S. Food and Drug Administration (updated 19 September 2014). Available: http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/ProductsIngredients/Ingredients/ucm388821.htm [accessed 26 April 2015].
57. PCPC. Cosmetics Info [website]. Washington, DC:Personal Care Products Council (2015). http://cosmeticsinfo.org/ [accessed 26 April 2015].
58. P&G. What Is Triclosan? [website]. Cincinnati, OH:Procter & Gamble (2015). Available: http://www.pg.com/en_US/sustainability/safety/ingredients/triclosan.shtml [accessed 26 April 2015].
59. P&G. What Are Phthalates? [website]. Cincinnati, OH:Procter & Gamble (2015). Available: http://www.pg.com/en_US/sustainability/safety/ingredients/phthalates.shtml [accessed 26 April 2015].
60. Avon. Avon Products, Inc. and Consumer Safety: Triclosan [website]. New York, NY:Avon Products, Inc. (2015). Available: http://avoncompany.com/corporate-responsibility/about-cr/positions-policies/triclosan/ [accessed 26 April 2015].
61. Colgate-Palmolive. Our Policy on Ingredient Safety: Earning Your Confidence for Generations, Every Day [website]. New York, NY:Colgate-Palmolive Company (2015). Available: http://www.colgate.com/app/Colgate/US/Corp/LivingOurValues/Sustainability/Ingredients.cvsp [accessed 26 April 2015].
62. CEH. First-Ever Legal Agreements Seek to End Use of Cancer- Causing Chemical in Shampoos [press release]. Oakland, CA:Center for Environmental Health (5 May 2014). Available: http://www.ceh.org/news-events/press-releases/content/first-ever-legal-agreements-seek-to-end-use-of-cancer-causing-chemical-in-shampoos/ [accessed 26 April 2015].
63. Revlon. Ingredients [website]. New York, NY:Revlon (2015). Available: http://www.revlon.com/ingredients [accessed 26 April 2015].
64. EWG. Revlon Will Cut Out Some Parabens, Formaldehyde- Releasing Chemicals [press release]. Washington, DC:Environmental Work Group (18 December 2014). Available: http://www.ewg.org/release/revlon-will-cut-out-parabens-formaldehyde-releasing-chemicals [accessed 26 April 2015].
65. Kim S, Choi K. Occurrences, toxicities, and ecological risks of benzophenone-3, a common component of organic sunscreen products: a mini-review. Environ Int 70:143-157 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.015.
66. Whole Foods. Our Body Care Quality Standards [website]. Austin, TX:Whole Foods Market (2015). Available: http://www. wholefoodsmarket.com/about-our-products/body-care-quality-standards [accessed 26 April 2015].
67. Target. Target Sustainable Product Standard. Minneapolis, MN:Target Brands, Inc. (undated). Available: https://corporate.target.com/_media/TargetCorp/csr/pdf/Target-Sustainable-Product-Standard-1.pdf [accessed 26 April 2015].
68. Walmart. Introduction to Sustainable Chemistry. Bentonville, AR:Walmart Stores, Inc. (2015). Available: http://www.walmartsustainabilityhub.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/303 [accessed 26 April 2015].
69. Forum for the Future. Beauty and Personal Care Sustainability Summit: Summit Report. London, United Kingdom:Forum for the Future (2014). Available: https://www.forumforthefuture.org/sites/default/files/%23BPC_Summit_Summary_Report.PDF [accessed 26 April 2015].
70. Taylor MR. Re: Letter to the Personal Care Products Council and Independent Cosmetics Manufacturers and Distributors Concerning the Proposed Draft Legislation. Silver Spring, MD:U.S. Food and Drug Administration (6 March 2014). Available: http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/OfficeofFoods/CFSAN/CFSANFOIAElectronicReadingRoom/ucm388296.htm [accessed 26 April 2015].
71. Feinstein D. Senators Introduce Bill to Strengthen Personal Care Product Oversight [press release]. Washington, DC:Office of Senator Dianne Feinstein (20 April 2015). Available: http://www. feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2015/4/feinstein-collins-introduce-bill-to-strengthen-oversight-of-personal-care-products [accessed 26 April 2015].