Measures of Perfectionism

Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 595-618

  Flett, Gordon L ^a   Hewitt, Paul L ^b  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Multidimensional; Parental criticism; Parental expectations; Perfectionism; Scales; Self presentation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84929434898     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-386915-9.00021-8     Document Type: Chapter

References (120)

1. Anshel M.H., Seipel S.J. Relationships between dimensions of perfectionism and exercise behavior among college students. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 2006, 4:25-42.
2. Appleton P.R., Hall H.K., Hill A.P. Examining the influence of the parent-initiated and coach-created motivational climates upon athletes' perfectionistic cognitions. Journal of Sports Sciences 2011, 29:661-671.
3. Argus G., Thompson M. Perceived social problem solving, perfectionism, and mindful awareness in clinical depression: an exploratory study. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2008, 32:745-757.
4. Bardone-Cone A.M., Sturm K., Lawson M.A., Robinson D.P., Smith R. Perfectionism across stages of recovery for eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders 2010, 43:139-148.
5. Bastiani A.M., Rao R., Weltzin T., Kaye W.H. Perfectionism in anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders 1995, 17:147-152.
6. Boyle G.J. Does item homogeneity indicate internal consistency or item redundancy in psychometric scales?. Personality and Individual Differences 1991, 12:291-294.
7. Burns D. The perfectionists' script for self-defeat. Psychology Today 1980, November, 34-51.
8. Campbell D.T., Fiske D.W. Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin 1959, 56:81-105.
9. Campbell J., Di Paula A. Perfectionistic self-beliefs: their relation to personality and goal pursuit. Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment 2002, 181-198. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. G.L. Flett, P.L. Hewitt (Eds.).
10. Cattell R.B. The scientific use of factor analysis in behavioral and life sciences 1978, Plenum, New York.
11. Cattell R.B., Vogelmann S. A comprehensive trial of the scree and K.G. criteria for determining the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research 1977, 12:289-325.
12. Chan D.W. Dimensionality and typology of perfectionism: the use of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale with Chinese gifted students in Hong Kong. Gifted Child Quarterly 2009, 53:174-187.
13. Cockell S.J., Hewitt P.L., Seal B., Sherry S.B., Goldner E.M., Flett G.L., et al. Trait and self-presentational dimensions of perfectionism among women with anorexia nervosa. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2002, 26:745-758.
14. Conroy D.E. Progress in the development of a multidimensional measure of fear of failure: the Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI). Anxiety, Stress, and Coping: An International Journal 2001, 14:431-452.
15. Conroy D.E., Kaye M.P., Fifer A.M. Cognitive links between perfectionism and fear of failure. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 2007, 25:237-253.
16. Cox B.J., Enns M.W. Relative stability of dimensions of perfectionism in depression. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 2003, 35:124-132.
17. Cox B.J., Enns M.W., Clara I.P. The multidimensional structure of perfectionism in clinically distressed and college student samples. Psychological Assessment 2002, 14:365-373.
18. DiBartolo P.M., Frost R.O., Chang P., LaSota M., Grills A.E. Shedding light on the relationship between personal standards and psychopathology: the case for contingent self-worth. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 2004, 22:237-250.
19. DiBartolo P.M., Rendón M.J. A critical examination of the construct of perfectionism and its relationship to mental health in Asian and African Americans using a crosscultural framework. Clinical Psychology Review 2012, 32:139-152.
20. Dickie L., Surgenor L.J., Wilson M., McDowall J. The structure and reliability of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences 2012, 52:865-869.
21. Egan S., Piek J., Dyck M., Kane R. The reliability and validity of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale. Clinical Psychologist 2011, 15:121-132.
22. Ferrari J.R. Perfectionism cognitions with nonclinical and clinical samples. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 1995, 10:143-156.
23. Ferrari J.R., Thompson T. Impostor fears: links with self-presentation concerns and self-handicapping behaviours. Personality and Individual Differences 2006, 40:341-352.
24. Flett, G. L., Molnar, D. S., & Hewitt, P. L. (2014). Construct validity and the anatomy of a construct: A facet analysis of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Manuscript in preparation.
25. Flett G.L., Besser A., Hewitt P.L. Perfectionism, ego defense styles, and depression: a comparison of self-reports versus informant ratings. Journal of Personality 2005, 73:1355-1396.
26. Flett G.L., Blankstein K.R., Hewitt P.L., Koledin S. Components of perfectionism and procrastination in college students. Social Behavior and Personality 1992, 20:85-94.
27. Flett G.L., Greene A., Hewitt P.L. Dimensions of perfectionism and anxiety sensitivity. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 2004, 22:37-55.
28. Flett G.L., Hewitt P.L., Blankstein K.R., Gray L. Psychological distress and the frequency of perfectionistic thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1998, 75:1363-1381.
29. Flett G.L., Hewitt P.L., Blankstein K.R., Koledin S. Dimensions of perfectionism and irrational thinking. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 1991, 9:185-201.
30. Flett G.L., Hewitt P.L., Demerjian A., Sturman E.D., Sherry S.B., Cheng W. Perfectionistic automatic thoughts and psychological distress in adolescents: an analysis of the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 2012, 30:91-104.
31. Flett G.L., Hewitt P.L., Whelan T., Martin T.R. The Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory: psychometric properties and associations with distress and deficits in cognitive self-management. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 2007, 25:255-277.
32. Flett G.L., Madorsky D., Hewitt P.L., Heisel M.J. Perfectionism cognitions, rumination, and psychological distress. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 2002, 20:31-45.
33. Flett G.L., Sawatzky D.L., Hewitt P.L. Dimensions of perfectionism and goal commitment: a further comparison of two perfectionism measures. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 1995, 17:111-124.
34. Frost R.O., Heimberg R.G., Holt C.S., Mattia J.I., Neubauer A.L. A comparison of two measures of perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences 1993, 14:119-126.
35. Frost R.O., Henderson H.J. Perfectionism and reactions to athletic competition. Journal of Sports and Exercise Psychology 1991, 13:321-335.
36. Frost R.O., Marten P., Lahart C., Rosenblate R. The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research 1990, 14:559-572.
37. Frost R.O., Trepanier K.L., Brown E.J., Heimberg R.G., Juster H.R., Makris G.S., et al. Self-monitoring of mistakes among subjects high and low in perfectionistic concern over mistakes. Cognitive Therapy and Research 1997, 21:209-222.
38. Frost R.O., Turcotte T.A., Heimberg R.G., Mattia J.I., Holt C.S., Hope D.A. Reactions to mistakes among subjects high and low in perfectionistic concern over mistakes. Cognitive Therapy and Research 1995, 19:195-205.
39. Fry P.S., Debats D.L. Perfectionism and the five-factor personality traits as predictors of mortality in older adults. Journal of Health Psychology 2009, 14:513-524.
40. Garner D.M., Olmstead M.P., Polivy J. Development and validation of a multidimensional eating disorder inventory for anorexia nervosa and bulimia. International Journal of Eating Disorders 1983, 2:15-34.
41. Gelabert E., Garcia-Esteve L., Martin-Santos R., Gutierrez F., Torres A., Subira S. Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Psicothema 2011, 23:133-139.
42. Goffman E. The presentation of self in everyday life 1959, Anchor Books, New York.
43. Gotwals J.K., Dunn J.G.H. A multi-method multi-analytic approach to establishing internal construct validity evidence: The Sports Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale 2. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science 2009, 13:71-92.
44. Grzegorek J.L., Slaney R.B., Franze S., Rice K.R. Self-criticism, dependency, self-esteem, and grade-point average satisfaction among clusters of perfectionists and nonperfectionists. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2004, 51:192-200.
45. Ha J.H., Lee S.M., Puig A. A reliability generalization study of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (F-MPS). Psychological Reports 2010, 107:95-112.
46. Harvey B., Pallant J., Harvey D. An evaluation of the factor structure of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement 2004, 64:1007-1108.
47. Hawkins C.C., Watt H.M.G., Sinclair K.E. Psychometric properties of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale with Australian adolescent girls: clarification of multidimensionality and perfectionist typology. Educational and Psychological Measurement 2006, 66:1001-1022.
48. Hewitt P.L., Flett G.L. Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1991, 60:456-470.
49. Hewitt P.L., Flett G.L. Perfectionism and stress in psychopathology. Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment 2002, 255-284. American Psychological Association Press, Washington, DC. G.L. Flett, P.L. Hewitt (Eds.).
50. Hewitt P.L., Flett G.L. The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: Manual 2004, Multi-Health Systems, Inc, Toronto.
51. Hewitt P.L., Flett G.L., Sherry S.B., et al. The interpersonal expression of perfection: perfectionistic self-presentation and psychological distress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2003, 84:1303-1325.
52. Hewitt P.L., Flett G.L., Turnbull-Donovan W., Mikail S. The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: reliability, validity, and psychometric properties in psychiatric samples. Psychological Assessment 1991, 3:464-468.
53. Hill A.P., Appleton P.R. The predictive ability of the frequency of perfectionistic cognitions, self-oriented perfectionism, and socially prescribed perfectionism in relation to symptoms of burnout in youth rugby players. Journal of Sports Sciences 2011, 29:695-703.
54. Hill R.W., Huelsman T.J., Furr R.M., Kibler J., Vicente B.B., Kennedy C. A new measure of perfectionism: The Perfectionism Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment 2004, 82:80-91.
55. Hill R.W., McIntire K., Bacharach V. Perfectionism and the big five factors. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 1997, 12:257-270.
56. Jain M., Sudhir P.M. Dimensions of perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation in social phobia. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 2010, 3:216-221.
57. Johnson D.P., Slaney R.B. Perfectionism: scale development and a study of perfectionists in counselling. Journal of College Student Development 1996, 37:29-41.
58. Juster H.R., Heimberg R.G., Frost R.O., Holt C.S., Mattia J.I., Faccenda K. Social phobia and perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences 1996, 21:403-410.
59. Khawaja N.G., Armstrong K.A. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: developing shorter versions using an Australian sample. Australian Journal of Psychology 2005, 57:129-138.
60. Kobori O., Tanno Y. Development of Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory. Japanese Journal of Personality 2004, 13:34-43.
61. Kobori O., Tanno Y. Self-oriented perfectionism and its relationship to selective attention: an experimental examination using social cognitive paradigm. Japanese Psychological Research 2012, 54:418-423.
62. Lakey B., Tanner S.M. Social influences in negative thinking and affect. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2013, 37:160-172.
63. Lee D.-G., Park H.-J. Cross-cultural validity of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale in Korea. Counseling Psychologist 2011, 39:320-345.
64. Lee D.-G., Suh H., Lee H.-K. Factor structure of the Perfectionistic Self-Presentation in Korea. Psychological Reports 2011, 109:989-1000.
65. Lilienfeld L.R.R., Stein D., Bulik C.M., et al. Personality traits among currently eating disordered, and never ill first-degree female relatives of bulimics and control women. Psychological Medicine 2000, 30:1399-1410.
66. Lo A., Abbott M.J. The impact of manipulating expected standards of performance for adaptive, maladaptive, and non-perfectionists. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2013, 37:762-778.
67. Lundh L.G., Saboonchi F., Wangby M. The role of personal standards in clinically significant perfectionism: a person-oriented approach to the study of patterns of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2008, 32:333-350.
68. Mackinnon S.P., Sherry S.B., Pratt M.W. The relationship between perfectionism, agency, and communion: a longitudinal mixed methods analysis. Journal of Research in Personality 2013, 47:263-271.
69. Maia B.R., Soares M.J., Pereira A.T., et al. Affective state dependence and relative trait stability of perfectionism in sleep disturbances. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 2011, 33:252-260.
70. Matte M., Lafontaine M.-F. Assessment of romantic perfectionism: psychometric properties of the Romantic Relationship Perfectionism Scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development 2012, 45:113-132.
71. Mobley M., Slaney R.B., Rice K.G. Cultural validity of the Almost Perfect Scale - Revised for African American college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2005, 52:629-639.
72. Mushquash A.R., Sherry S.B., Sherry D.L., Allen S.L. Latent self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism: tests of factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity using self- and informant reports. Personality and Individual Differences 2013, 54:640-646.
73. Nakano K. Perfectionism, self-efficacy, and depression: preliminary analysis of the Japanese version of the Almost Perfect Scale - Revised. Psychological Reports 2009, 104:898-908.
74. Neff K.D. The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity 2003, 2:223-250.
75. Nolen-Hoeksema S. Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1991, 100:569-582.
76. Ozer D.J., Benet-Martinez V. Personality and the prediction of consequential outcomes. Annual Review of Psychology 2006, 57:401-421.
77. Parker W.D. Perfectionism and adjustment in gifted children. Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment 2002, 133-148. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. G.L. Flett, P.L. Flett (Eds.).
78. Parker W.D., Adkins K.K. A psychometric examination of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 1995, 17:323-334.
79. Parker W.D., Stumpf H. An examination of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale with a sample of academically talented children. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 1995, 13:372-383.
80. Patterson R.E., Wang K.T., Slaney R.B. Multidimensional perfectionism, depression, and relational health in women with eating disturbances. Eating Behaviors 2012, 13:226-232.
81. Penkal J.L., Kurdek L.A. Gender and race differences in young adults' body dissatisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences 2007, 43:2270-2281.
82. Pettit F.A. A comparison of World-Wide-Web and paper-and-pencil questionnaires. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers 2002, 34:50-54.
83. Powers T.A., Koestner R., Topciu R.A. Implementation intentions, perfectionism, and goal progress: perhaps the road to hell is paved with good intentions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2005, 31:902-912.
84. Purdon C., Antony M.M., Swinson R.P. Psychometric properties of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale in a clinical anxiety disorders sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology 1999, 55:1271-1286.
85. Rheaume J., Freeston M.J., Dugas M.J., Letarte H., Ladouceur R. Perfectionism, responsibility, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1995, 33:785-794.
86. Rice K.G., Aldea M.A. State dependence and trait stability of perfectionism: a short-term longitudinal study. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2006, 53:205-213.
87. Rice K.G., Ashby J.S., Slaney R.B. Perfectionism and the five-factor model of personality. Assessment 2007, 14:385-398.
88. Rice K.G., Dellwo J.P. Within-semester stability and adjustment correlates of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Measurement and Evaulation in Counseling and Development 2001, 34:146-156.
89. Rice K.G., Leever B.A., Christopher J., Porter J.D. Perfectionism, stress, and social (dis) connection: a short-term study of hopelessness, depression, and academic adjustment among honors students. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2006, 53:524-534.
90. Rice K.G., Richardson C.M.E., Tueller S. The short form of the Revised Almost Perfect Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment 2014, 96:368-379.
91. Roberts R., Rotherham M., Maynard I., Thomas O., Woodman T. Perfectionism and the 'yips': an initial investigation. Sport Psychologist 2013, 27:53-61.
92. Rodebaugh T.L., Woods C.M., Thissen D.M., Heimberg R.G., Chambless T.L., Rapee R.M. More information from fewer questions: the factor structure and item properties of the original and brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Psychological Assessment 2004, 16:169-181.
93. Seipel S.J., Apigian C.H. Perfectionism in students: implications in the instruction of statistics. Journal of Statistics Education 2005, 13:n2.
94. Shafran R., Cooper Z., Fairburn C.G. Clinical perfectionism: a cognitive-behavioural analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2002, 40:773-791.
95. Sherry S.B., Hewitt P.L., Besser A., Flett G.L., Klein C. Machiavellianism, trait perfectionism, and perfectionistic self-presentation. Personality and Individual Differences 2006, 40:829-839.
96. Sherry S.B., Hewitt P.L., Flett G.L., Harvey M. Perfectionism dimensions, perfectionistic attitudes, dependent attitudes, and depression in psychiatric patients and university students. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2003, 50:373-386.
97. Sherry S.B., Hewitt P.L., Flett G.L., Lee-Baggley D.L. Perfectionism and undergoing cosmetic surgery. European Journal of Plastic Surgery 2007, 29:349-354.
98. Sherry S.B., Mackinnon S.B., Macneil M.A., Fitzpatrick S. Discrepancies confer vulnerability to depressive symptoms: a three-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2013, 60:112-126.
99. Siegel D., Shuler P.A. Perfectionism differences in gifted middle school students. Roeper Review 2000, 23:39-44.
100. Sirois, F. M. (2013, May 24th). A meta-analytic view of the associations of perfectionism with low self-compassion. In a symposium chaired by F. M. Sirois & G. L. Flett titled 'The Emotional, Interpersonal, and Health Costs and Consequences of Perfectionism,' 25th annual conference of the Association for Psychological Science, Washington, DC.
101. Slaney, R. B., & Johnson, D. G. (1992). The Almost Perfect Scale. Unpublished manuscript, Pennsylvania State University, State College.
102. Slaney R.B., Rice K.G., Ashby J.S. A programmatic approach to measuring perfectionism: The Almost Perfect Scales. Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment 2002, 63-88. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. G.L. Flett, P.L. Hewitt (Eds.).
103. Slaney R.B., Rice K.G., Mobley M., Trippi J., Ashby J.S. The Almost Perfect Scale - Revised. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development 2001, 34:130-145.
104. Stairs A.M., Smith G.T., Zapolski T.C.B., Combs J.L., Settles R.E. Clarifying the construct of perfectionism. Assessment 2012, 19:146-166.
105. Stallman H.M., Hurst C.P. The factor structure of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale in university students. Australian Psychologist 2011, 46:229-236.
106. Stöber J. The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale revisited: more perfect with four (instead of six) dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences 1998, 24:481-491.
107. Stoeber J., Eysenck M.W. Perfectionism and efficiency: accuracy, response bias, and invested time in proof-reading performance. Journal of Research in Personality 2008, 42:1673-1678.
108. Stoeber J., Kobori O., Tanno Y. The Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory - English (MPCI-E): reliability, validity, and relationships with positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality Assessment 2010, 92:16-25.
109. Sturman E.D. Involuntary subordination and its relation to personality, mood, and submissive behavior. Psychological Assessment 2011, 23:262-276.
110. Tops M., Koole S.L., Wijers A.A. The Pe of perfectionism: concern over mistakes predicts the amplitude of a late frontal error positivity. Journal of Psychophysiology 2013, 27:84-94.
111. Ulu I.P., Tezer E., Slaney R.B. Investigation of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism with the Turkish Almost Perfect Scale - Revised. Psychological Reports 2012, 110:1007-1020.
112. Van Yperen N.W., Verbraak M., Spoor E. Perfectionism and clinical disorders among employees. Personality and Individual Differences 2011, 50:1126-1130.
113. Verner-Filion J., Gaudreau P. From perfectionism to academic adjustment: the mediating role of achievement goals. Personality and Individual Differences 2010, 49:181-186.
114. Vieth A.Z., Trull T.J. Family patterns of perfectionism: an examination of college students and their parents. Journal of Personality Assessment 1999, 72:49-67.
115. Wang K.T., Slaney R.B., Rice K.G. Perfectionism in Chinese university students from Taiwan: a study of psychological well-being and achievement motivation. Personality and Individual Differences 2007, 42:1279-1290.
116. Wheeler H.A., Blankstein K.R., Antony M.M., McCabe R.E., Bieling P.J. Perfectionism in anxiety and depression: comparisons across disorders, relations with symptom severity, and role of comorbidity. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy 2011, 4:66-91.
117. Wimberly T.E., Stasio M.J. Perfectionistic thoughts, personal standards, and evaluative concerns: further investigating relationships to psychological distress. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2013, 37:277-283.
118. Woods C.M. Careless responding to reverse-worded items: implications for confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 2006, 28:189-194.
119. Yang H.-F. The test of the Chinese version of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Chinese Mental Health Journal 2007, 21:97-100.
120. Yang H., Stoeber J. The Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale: development and preliminary validation. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 2012, 34:69-83.