Regional and seasonal variation in Clostridium difficile infections among hospitalized patients in the United States, 2001-2010

American Journal of Infection Control

Volumn 43, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 435-440

  Argamany, Jacqueline R ^a,b   Aitken, Samuel L ^c   Lee, Grace C ^a,b   Boyd, Natalie K ^a,b   Reveles, Kelly R ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

^b Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS   (United States)

Author keywords

Clostridium difficile; Epidemiology; Mortality

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; AUTUMN; CHILD; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION; COHORT ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; ICD-9-CM; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SEASONAL VARIATION; SPRING; SUMMER; UNITED STATES; WINTER; ADOLESCENT; AGE; CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS; CROSS INFECTION; DIARRHEA; HOSPITAL; INFANT; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; NEWBORN; PEPTOCLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SEASON; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; SURVIVAL; VERY ELDERLY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS; COHORT STUDIES; CROSS INFECTION; DIARRHEA; FEMALE; HOSPITALS; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SEASONS; SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84929329013     PISSN: 01966553     EISSN: 15273296     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.11.018     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. J. Pepin, L. Valiquette, M.E. Alary, P. Villemure, A. Pelletier, and K. Forget Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in a region of Quebec from 1991 to 2003: a changing pattern of disease severity CMAJ 171 2004 466 472
2. Lucado J, Gould C, Elixhauser A. Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) in hospital stays, 2009: statistical brief 124. Available from: http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb124.pdf. Accessed December 23, 2014.
3. K.R. Reveles, G.C. Lee, N.K. Boyd, and C.R. Frei The rise in Clostridium difficile infection incidence among hospitalized adults in the United States: 2001-2010 Am J Infect Control 42 2014 1028 1032
4. M. Rupnik, M.H. Wilcox, and D.N. Gerding Clostridium difficile infection: new developments in epidemiology and pathogenesis Nat Rev Microbiol 7 2009 526 536
5. S.S. Ghantoji, K. Sail, D.R. Lairson, H.L. DuPont, and K.W. Garey Economic healthcare costs of Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review J Hosp Infect 74 2010 309 318
6. S.L. Aitken, T.B. Joseph, D.N. Shah, T.M. Lasco, H.R. Palmer, and H.L. DuPont Healthcare resource utilization for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in a large university hospital in Houston, Texas PLoS One 9 2014 e102848
7. C. Thomas, M. Stevenson, and T.V. Riley Antibiotics and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: a systematic review J Antimicrob Chemother 51 2003 1339 1350
8. C.J. Donskey The role of the intestinal tract as a reservoir and source for transmission of nosocomial pathogens Clin Infect Dis 39 2004 219 226
9. R.C. Owens Jr., C.J. Donskey, R.P. Gaynes, V.G. Loo, and C.A. Muto Antimicrobial-associated risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection Clin Infect Dis 46 Suppl 1 2008 S19 S31
10. L.A. Hicks, T.H. Taylor Jr., and R.J. Hunkler U.S. outpatient antibiotic prescribing, 2010 N Engl J Med 368 2013 1461 1462
11. P.M. Polgreen, M. Yang, R. Laxminarayan, and J.E. Cavanaugh Respiratory fluoroquinolone use and influenza Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 32 2011 706 709
12. R. Gilca, E. Fortin, C. Frenette, Y. Longtin, and M. Gourdeau Seasonal variations in Clostridium difficile infections are associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus activity independently of antibiotic prescriptions: a time series analysis in Quebec, Canada Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56 2012 639 646
13. K.J. Suda, L.A. Hicks, R.M. Roberts, R.J. Hunkler, and T.H. Taylor Trends and seasonal variation in outpatient antibiotic prescription rates in the United States, 2006 to 2010 Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58 2014 2763 2766
14. K.A. Brown, N. Daneman, P. Arora, R. Moineddin, and D.N. Fisman The co-seasonality of pneumonia and influenza with Clostridium difficile infection in the United States, 1993-2008 Am J Epidemiol 178 2013 118 125
15. M.D. Zilberberg, A.F. Shorr, and M.H. Kollef Growth and geographic variation in hospitalizations with resistant infections, United States, 2000-2005 Emerg Infect Dis 14 2008 1756 1758
16. C. Dennison, and R. Pokras Design and operation of the National Hospital Discharge Survey: 1988 redesign Vital Health Stat 2000 1 42
17. Elixhauser A, Jhung M. Clostridium difficile-associated disease in U.S. hospitals, 1993-2005: statistical brief 50. Available from: http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb50.pdf. Accessed September 13, 2014.
18. L.K. Archibald, S.N. Banerjee, and W.R. Jarvis Secular trends in hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile disease in the United States, 1987-2001 J Infect Dis 189 2004 1585 1589
19. L.C. McDonald, M. Owings, and D.B. Jernigan Clostridium difficile infection in patients discharged from US short-stay hospitals, 1996-2003 Emerg Infect Dis 12 2006 409 415
20. M.P. Bauer, D.W. Notermans, B.H. van Benthem, J.S. Brazier, M.H. Wilcox, and M. Rupnik Clostridium difficile infection in Europe: a hospital-based survey Lancet 377 2011 63 73
21. G.E. Bignardi Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection J Hosp Infect 40 1998 1 15
22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Number, rate, and average length of stay for discharges from short-stay hospitals, by age, region, and sex: United States, 2010. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhds/1general/2010gen1-agesexalos.pdf. Accessed September 13, 2014.
23. D.N. Gerding, M.M. Olson, L.R. Peterson, D.G. Teasley, R.L. Gebhard, and M.L. Schwartz Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis in adults. A prospective case-controlled epidemiologic study Arch Intern Med 146 1986 95 100
24. I. See, Y. Mu, J. Cohen, Z.G. Beldavs, L.G. Winston, and G. Dumyati NAP1 strain type predicts outcomes from Clostridium difficile infection Clin Infect Dis 58 2014 1394 1400
25. I.A. Tickler, R.V. Goering, J.D. Whitmore, A.N. Lynn, D.H. Persing, and F.C. Tenover Strain types and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Clostridium difficile isolates from the United States, 2011 to 2013 Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58 2014 4214 4218
26. S.H. Cohen, D.N. Gerding, S. Johnson, C.P. Kelly, V.G. Loo, and L.C. McDonald Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the society for healthcare epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 31 2010 431 455
27. L.C. McDonald, G.E. Killgore, A. Thompson, R.C. Owens Jr., S.V. Kazakova, and S.P. Sambol An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile N Engl J Med 353 2005 2433 2441
28. M.A. Aldeyab, S. Harbarth, N. Vernaz, M.P. Kearney, M.G. Scott, and C. Funston Quasiexperimental study of the effects of antibiotic use, gastric acid-suppressive agents, and infection control practices on the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53 2009 2082 2088
29. P.M. Polgreen, M. Yang, L.C. Bohnett, and J.E. Cavanaugh A time-series analysis of Clostridium difficile and its seasonal association with influenza Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 31 2010 382 387
30. S. Fridkin, J. Baggs, R. Fagan, S. Magill, L.A. Pollack, and P. Malpiedi Vital signs: improving antibiotic use among hospitalized patients MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63 2014 194 200
31. T.A. Reichert, L. Simonsen, A. Sharma, S.A. Pardo, D.S. Fedson, and M.A. Miller Influenza and the winter increase in mortality in the United States, 1959-1999 Am J Epidemiol 160 2004 492 502
32. A.J. Kalkstein Regional similarities in seasonal mortality across the United States: an examination of 28 metropolitan statistical areas PLoS One 8 2013 e63971
33. United States Census Bureau. Age and sex composition: 2010. Available from: http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-03.pdf. Accessed September 13, 2014.
34. P. Saynajakangas, T. Keistinen, and T. Tuuponen Seasonal fluctuations in hospitalisation for pneumonia in Finland Int J Circumpolar Health 60 2001 34 40
35. N.W. Johnston The similarities and differences of epidemic cycles of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma exacerbations Proc Am Thorac Soc 4 2007 591 596
36. E.R. Dubberke, K.A. Reske, L.C. McDonald, and V.J. Fraser ICD-9 codes and surveillance for Clostridium difficile-associated disease Emerg Infect Dis 12 2006 1576 1579
37. C.M. Surawicz, L.J. Brandt, D.G. Binion, A.N. Ananthakrishnan, S.R. Curry, and P.H. Gilligan Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infections Am J Gastroenterol 108 2013 478 498 quiz 99
38. L.V. McFarland, C.M. Surawicz, M. Rubin, R. Fekety, G.W. Elmer, and R.N. Greenberg Recurrent Clostridium difficile disease: epidemiology and clinical characteristics Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 20 1999 43 50
39. K.W. Garey, S. Sethi, Y. Yadav, and H.L. DuPont Meta-analysis to assess risk factors for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection J Hosp Infect 70 2008 298 304