Subwavelength-thick lenses with high numerical apertures and large efficiency based on high-contrast transmitarrays

Nature Communications

Volumn 6, Issue , 2015, Pages

  Arbabi, Amir ^a   Horie, Yu ^a   Ball, Alexander J ^a   Bagheri, Mahmood ^b   Faraon, Andrei ^a  

^a California Institute of Technology   (United States)

^b CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SILICON;

POLARIZATION; SILICON; TRANSMITTANCE; WAVELENGTH;

ARTICLE; DIFFRACTION; ELECTRIC FIELD; ELECTRICITY; GRATING; HIGH CONTRAST TRANSMITARRAY; MEASUREMENT; OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION; POLARIZATION; SIMULATION; VISUAL SYSTEM;

PUNCTUM MINUTISSIMUM;

EID: 84929224684     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20411723     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8069     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Stork, W., Streibl, N., Haidner, H. & Kipfer, P. Artificial distributed-index media fabricated by zero-order gratings. Opt. Lett. 16, 1921-1923 (1991).
2. Chen, F. T. & Craighead, H. G. Diffractive phase elements based on two-dimensional artificial dielectrics. Opt. Lett. 20, 121-123 (1995).
3. Warren, M. E., Smith, R. E., Vawter, G. A. & Wendt, J. R. High-efficiency subwavelength diffractive optical element in GaAs for 975 nm. Opt. Lett. 20, 1441-1443 (1995).
4. Chen, F. T. & Craighead, H. G. Diffractive lens fabricated with mostly zeroth-order gratings. Opt. Lett. 21, 177-179 (1996).
5. Lalanne, P., Astilean, S., Chavel, P., Cambril, E. & Launois, H. Blazed binary subwavelength gratings with eficiencies larger than those of conventional echelette gratings. Opt. Lett. 23, 1081-1083 (1998).
6. Verslegers, L. et al. Planar lenses based on nanoscale slit arrays in a metallic film. Nano Lett. 9, 235-238 (2009).
7. Yu, N. et al. Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction. Science 334, 333-337 (2011).
8. Kildishev, A. V., Boltasseva, A. & Shalaev, V. M. Planar photonics with metasurfaces. Science 339, 1232009 (2013).
9. Yu, N. & Capasso, F. Flat optics with designer metasurfaces. Nat. Mater. 13, 139-150 (2014).
10. Huang, F. M., Kao, T. S., Fedotov, V. A., Chen, Y. & Zheludev, N. I. Nanohole array as a lens. Nano Lett. 8, 2469-2472 (2008).
11. Aieta, F. et al. Aberration-free ultrathin flat lenses and axicons at telecom wavelengths based on plasmonic metasurfaces. Nano Lett. 12, 4932-4936 (2012).
12. Ni, X., Ishii, S., Kildishev, A. V. & Shalaev, V. M. Ultra-thin, planar, Babinet-inverted plasmonic metalenses. Light Sci. Appl 2, e72 (2013).
13. Genevet, P. et al. Ultra-thin plasmonic optical vortex plate based on phase discontinuities. Appl Phys. Lett. 100, 013101 (2012).
14. Karimi, E. et al. Generating optical orbital angular momentum at visible wavelengths using a plasmonic metasurface. Light Sci. Appl. 3, e167 (2014).
15. Monticone, F., Estakhri, N. M. & Alu, A. Full control of nanoscale optical transmission with a composite metascreen. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 203903 (2013).
16. Arbabi, A. & Faraon, A. Fundamental limits of ultrathin metasurfaces. Preprint at http://arxiv.org/abs/1411.2537 (2014).
17. Chen, L., Huang, M. C. Y., Mateus, C. F. R., Chang-Hasnain, C. J. & Suzuki, Y. Fabrication and design of an integrable subwavelength ultrabroadband dielectric mirror. Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 031102 (2006).
18. Kemiktarak, U., Metcalfe, M., Durand, M. & Lawall, J. Mechanically compliant grating reflectors for optomechanics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 061124 (2012).
19. Wu, T. T. et al. Sub-wavelength GaN-based membrane high contrast grating reflectors. Opt. Express 20, 20551-20557 (2012).
20. Mateus, C., Huang, M., Deng, Y., Neureuther, A. & Chang-Hasnain, C. Ultrabroadband mirror using low-index cladded subwavelength grating. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 518-520 (2004).
21. Lu, F., Sedgwick, F. G., Karagodsky, V., Chase, C. & Chang-Hasnain, C. J. Planar high-numerical-aperture low-loss focusing reflectors and lenses using subwavelength high contrast gratings. Opt. Express 18, 12606-12614 (2010).
22. Astilean, S., Lalanne, P., Chavel, P., Cambril, E. & Launois, H. High-eficiency subwavelength diffractive element patterned in a high-refractive-index material for 633 nm. Opt. Lett. 23, 552-554 (1998).
23. Fattal, D., Li, J., Peng, Z., Fiorentino, M. & Beausoleil, R. G. Flat dielectric grating reflectors with focusing abilities. Nat. Photonics 4, 466-470 (2010).
24. Klemm, A. B. et al. Experimental high numerical aperture focusing with high contrast gratings. Opt. Lett. 38, 3410-3413 (2013).
25. Lin, D., Fan, P., Hasman, E. & Brongersma, M. L. Dielectric gradient metasurface optical elements. Science 345, 298-302 (2014).
26. Arbabi, A. et al. Controlling the phase front of optical iber beams using high contrast metastructures - OSA Technical Digest (online). In CLEO: 2014. STu3M.4 Optical Society of America, 2014; Available at http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO-SI-2014-STu3M.4 .
27. Vo, S. et al. Sub-wavelength grating lenses with a twist. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 26, 1375-1378 (2014).
28. Shiono, T., Kitagawa, M., Setsune, K. & Mitsuyu, T. Reflection micro-Fresnel lenses and their use in an integrated focus sensor. Appl. Opt. 28, 3434-3442 (1989).
29. Haruna, M., Takahashi, M., Wakahayashi, K. & Nishihara, H. Laser beam lithographed micro-Fresnel lenses. Appl. Opt. 29, 5120-5126 (1990).
30. Staude, I. et al. Tailoring directional scattering through magnetic and electric resonances in subwavelength silicon nanodisks. ACS Nano 7, 7824-7832 (2013).
31. Decker, M. et al.High-eficiency light-wave control with all- dielectric optical Huygens' metasurfaces. Preprint at http://arxiv.org/abs/1405.5038 (2014).
32. Oskooi, A. F. et al. Meep: A flexible free-software package for electromagnetic simulations by the FDTD method. Comput. Phys. Commun. 181, 687-702 (2010).
33. Arbabi, A., Horie, Y. & Faraon, A. Planar retroreflector - OSA Technical Digest (online). In CLEO: 2014. STu3M.5 Optical Society of America, 2014; Available at http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO-SI-2014-STu3M.5.