Delivery routes of progesterone in assisted reproduction

Expert Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 173-182

  Zegers Hochschild, Fernando ^a   Schwarze, Juan Enrique ^a   Borrero, Claudia ^b  

^a CLÍNICA LAS CONDES   (Chile)

^b SCI   (Colombia)

Author keywords

acceptability; efficacy; in vitro fertilization; luteal phase supplementation; progesterone delivery systems

Indexed keywords

EID: 84929148034     PISSN: 17474108     EISSN: 17474116     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/17474108.1.2.173     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Noyes RW, Hertig AT, Rock J. Dating the endometrial biopsy. Fertil. Steril. 1 (1), 3–25 (1950).
2. Noyes RW, Haman JO. Accuracy of endometrial dating; correlation of endometrial dating with basal body temperature and menses. Fertil. Steril. 4 (6), 504–517 (1953).
3. Natrajan PK, Muldoon TG, Greenblatt RB, Mahesh VB. The effect of progestins on estrogen and progesterone receptors in the human endometrium. J. Reprod. Med. 27 (4), 227–230 (1982).
4. Gorodeski IG, Bahari CM, Beery R, Geier A, Lunenfeld B. Effect of single-dose progesterone administration on estradiol receptor levels in normal human endometrium. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 20 (2), 91–95 (1985).
5. Garcia E, Bouchard P, De Brux J et al. Use of immunocytochemistry of progesterone and estrogen receptors for endometrial dating. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 67 (1), 80–87 (1988).
6. Lessey BA, Killam AP, Metzger DA et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of human uterine estrogen and progesterone receptors throughout the menstrual cycle. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 67 (2), 334–340 (1988).
7. Okulicz WC, Ace CI. Temporal regulation of gene expression during the expected window of receptivity in the rhesus monkey endometrium. Biol. Reprod. 69 (5), 1593–1599 (2003).
8. Riesewijk A, Martin J, van Os R et al. Gene expression profiling of human endometrial receptivity on days LH+2 versus LH+7 by microarray technology. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 9 (5), 253–264 (2003).
9. Kao LC, Tulac S, Lobo S et al. Global gene profiling in human endometrium during the window of implantation. Endocrinology 143 (6), 2119–2138 (2002).
10. Bell SC, Dore-Green F. Detection and characterization of human secretory “pregnancy-associated endometrial α-2-globulin” in uterine luminal fluid. J. Reprod. Immunol. 11 (1), 13–29 (1987).
11. Kojima K, Kanzaki H, Iwai M et al. Expression of leukemia inhibitory factor in human endometrium and placenta. Biol. Reprod. 50 (4), 882–887 (1994).
12. Naresh B, Sengupta J, Bhargava V et al. Immunohistological localisation of vascular endothelial growth factor in human endometrium. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 43 (2), 165–170 (1999).
13. Kimber SJ, Spanswick C. Blastocyst implantation: the adhesion cascade. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 11 (2), 77–92 (2000).
14. Cross JC, Werb Z, Fisher SJ. Implantation and the placenta: key pieces of the development puzzle. Science 266 (5190), 1508–1518 (1994).
15. Paria BC, Lim H, Das SK, Reese J, Dey SK. Molecular signaling in uterine receptivity for implantation. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 11 (2), 67–76 (2000).
16. Navot D, Laufer N, Kopolovic J et al. Artificially induced endometrial cycles and establishment of pregnancies in the absence of ovaries. N. Engl. J. Med. 314 (13), 806–811 (1986).
17. Navot D, Anderson TL, Droesch K et al. Hormonal manipulation of endometrial maturation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 68 (4), 801–807 (1989).
18. Navot D, Bergh P. Preparation of the human endometrium for implantation. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 622, 212–219 (1991).
19. Edwards RG. Human uterine endocrinology and the implantation window. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 541, 445–454 (1988).
20. Damario MA, Lesnick TG, Lessey BA et al. Endometrial markers of uterine receptivity utilizing the donor oocyte model. Hum. Reprod. 16 (9), 1893–1899 (2001).
21. Bischof P, Meisser A, Campana A. Mechanisms of endometrial control of trophoblast invasion. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 55, 65–71 (2000).
22. Zegers-Hochschild F. The normal menstrual cycle. In: Diagnosis and Treatment of Infertility. Rowe PJ,V ikhlyaeva EM (Eds). Hans Huber Publishers, Toronto, Canada, 137–146 (1988).
23. Gemzell Danielsson K, Swahn ML, Bygdeman M. Effect of antiprogestin, hCG and a prostaglandin analogue on human uterine contractility. Contraception 47 (3), 295–301 (1993).
24. Ghosh D, Lalitkumar PG, Wong VJ, Hendrickx AG, Sengupta J. Preimplantation embryo morphology following early luteal phase anti-nidatory treatment with mifepristone (RU486) in the rhesus monkey. Hum. Reprod. 15 (1), 180–188 (2000).
25. Catalano RD, Yanaihara A, Evans AL et al. The effect of RU486 on the gene expression profile in an endometrial explant model. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 9 (8), 465–473 (2003).
26. Sauer MV, Paulson RJ, Lobo RA. Pregnancy in women 50 or more years of age: outcomes of 22 consecutively established pregnancies from oocyte donation. Fertil. Steril. 64 (1), 111–115 (1995).
27. Csapo AI, Pulkkinen MO, Ruttner B, Sauvage JP, Wiest WG. The significance of the human corpus luteum in pregnancy maintenance. I. Preliminary studies. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 112 (8), 1061–1067 (1972).
28. Csapo AI, Pulkkinen MO, Kaihola HL. The effect of estradiol replacement therapy on early pregnant luteectomized patients. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 117 (7), 987–990 (1973).
29. Scott R, Navot D, Liu HC, Rosenwaks Z. A human in vivo model for the luteoplacental shift. Fertil. Steril. 56 (3), 481–484 (1991).
30. Daya S. Efficacy of progesterone support in the luteal phase following in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: meta-analysis of clinical trials. Hum. Reprod. 3 (6), 731–734 (1988).
31. Soliman S, Daya S, Collins J, Hughes EG. The role of luteal phase support in infertility treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Fertil. Steril. 61 (6), 1068–1076 (1994).
32. Pritts EA, Atwood AK. Luteal phase support in infertility treatment: a meta-analysis of the randomized trials. Hum. Reprod. 17 (9), 2287–2299 (2002).
33. Nosarka S, Kruger T, Siebert I, Grove D. Luteal phase support in in vitro fertilization: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 60 (2), 67–74 (2005).
34. Daya S, Gunby J. Luteal phase support in assisted reproduction cycles. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 3, CD004830 (2004).
35. Beckers NG, Macklon NS, Eijkemans MJ et al. Nonsupplemented luteal phase characteristics after the administration of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin, recombinant luteinizing hormone, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist to induce final oocyte maturation in in vitro fertilization patients after ovarian stimulation with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone and GnRH antagonist cotreatment. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88 (9), 4186–4192 (2003).
36. Kolb BA, Najmabadi S, Paulson RJ. Ultrastructural characteristics of the luteal phase endometrium in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Fertil. Steril. 67 (4), 625–630 (1997).
37. Fanchin R, Righini C, de Ziegler D et al. Effects of vaginal progesterone administration on uterine contractility at the time of embryo transfer. Fertil. Steril. 75 (6), 1136–1140 (2001).
38. Fanchin R, Righini C, Olivennes F et al. Uterine contractions at the time of embryo transfer alter pregnancy rates after in-vitro fertilization. Hum. Reprod. 13 (7), 1968–1974 (1998).
39. Lyons EA, Taylor PJ, Zheng XH et al. Characterization of subendometrial myometrial contractions throughout the menstrual cycle in normal fertile women. Fertil. Steril. 55 (4), 771–774 (1991).
40. Nyboe Andersen A, Popovic-Todorovic B, Schmidt KT et al. Progesterone supplementation during early gestations after IVF or ICSI has no effect on the delivery rates: a randomized controlled trial. Hum. Reprod. 17 (2), 357–361 (2002).
41. Lobo RA. Proceedings of the Consensus Development Conference on Progestagen. Worldwide Medical Group, NY, USA (1989).
42. Sitruk-Ware R. Estrogen and progestogens – different routes of administration. Climacteric 8 (Suppl. 1), 1–2 (2005).
43. Arafat ES, Hargrove JT, Maxson WS et al. Sedative and hypnotic effects of oral administration of micronized progesterone may be mediated through its metabolites. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 159 (5), 1203–1209 (1988).
44. Kuhl H. Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration. Climacteric 8 (Suppl. 1), 3–63 (2005).
45. Levine H, Watson N. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of crinone 8% administered vaginally versus prometrium administered orally in postmenopausal women (3). Fertil. Steril. 73 (3), 516–521 (2000).
46. Nahoul K, Dehennin L, Jondet M, Roger M. Profiles of plasma estrogens, progesterone and their metabolites after oral or vaginal administration of estradiol or progesterone. Maturitas 16 (3), 185–202 (1993).
47. Ottoson UB, Carlstrom K, Damber JE, von Schoultz B. Serum levels of progesterone and some of its metabolites including deoxycorticosterone after oral and parenteral administration. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 91 (11), 1111–1119 (1984).
48. Bulletti C, de Ziegler D, Flamigni C et al. Targeted drug delivery in gynaecology: the first uterine pass effect. Hum. Reprod. 12 (5), 1073–1079 (1997).
49. Cicinelli E, De Ziegler D, Morgese S et al. “First uterine pass effect” is observed when estradiol is placed in the upper but not lower third of the vagina. Fertil. Steril. 81 (5), 1414–1416 (2004).
50. Miles RA, Paulson RJ, Lobo RA et al. Pharmacokinetics and endometrial tissue levels of progesterone after administration by intramuscular and vaginal routes: a comparative study. Fertil. Steril. 62 (3), 485–490 (1994).
51. Zegers-Hochschild F, Balmaceda JP, Fabres C et al. Prospective randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of a vaginal ring releasing progesterone for IVF and oocyte donation. Hum. Reprod. 15 (10), 2093–2097 (2000).
52. Ragni G, Piloni S, Rossi P et al. Endometrial morphology and ultrasound vascular findings. A randomized trial after intramuscular and vaginal progesterone supplementation in IVF. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 47 (3), 151–156 (1999).
53. Bourgain C, Smitz J, Camus M et al. Human endometrial maturation is markedly improved after luteal supplementation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue/human menopausal gonadotrophin stimulated cycles. Hum. Reprod. 9 (1), 32–40 (1994).
54. Zegers-Hochschild F, Croxatto HB, Alam V. Endometrial histology and progesterone concentration in women with ovarian failure supplemented with a progesterone vaginal ring. Report on six pregnancy cycles after oocyte donation. Hum. Reprod. 11 (Abstract Book 1), 53 (1996).
55. Penzias AS. Luteal phase support. Fertil. Steril. 77 (2), 318–323 (2002).
56. Licciardi FL, Kwiatkowski A, Noyes NL et al. Oral versus intramuscular progesterone for in vitro fertilization: a prospective randomized study. Fertil. Steril. 71 (4), 614–618 (1999).
57. Pouly JL, Bassil S, Frydman R et al. Luteal support after in-vitro fertilization: crinone 8%, a sustained release vaginal progesterone gel, versus utrogestan, an oral micronized progesterone. Hum. Reprod. 11 (10), 2085–2089 (1996).
58. Saucedo LLE, Hernandez AS, Santos HR, Arenas MI, Patrizio P. Randomized trial of three diferent forms of progesterone supplementation in ART: preliminary results (abstract). Fertil. Steril. 74 (Suppl. 1), S150 (2000).
59. Bourgain C, Devroey P, Van Waesberghe L, Smitz J, Van Steirteghem AC. Effects of natural progesterone on the morphology of the endometrium in patients with primary ovarian failure. Hum. Reprod. 5 (5), 537–543 (1990).
60. Unfer V, Casini ML, Costabile L et al. 1 7 α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate versus intravaginal progesterone in IVF-embryo transfer cycles: a prospective randomized study. Reprod. Biomed. Online 9 (1), 17–21 (2004).
61. Costabile L, Gerli S, Manna C et al. A prospective randomized study comparing intramuscular progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycles. Fertil. Steril. 76 (2), 394–396 (2001).
62. Chantilis SJ, Zeitoun KM, Patel SI et al. Use of crinone vaginal progesterone gel for luteal support in in vitro fertilization cycles. Fertil. Steril. 72 (5), 823–829 (1999).
63. Schoolcraft WB, Hesla JS, Gee MJ. Experience with progesterone gel for luteal support in a highly successful IVF programme. Hum. Reprod. 15 (6), 1284–1288 (2000).
64. Damario MA, Goudas VT, Session DR, Hammitt DG, Dumesic DA. Crinone 8% vaginal progesterone gel results in lower embryonic implantation efficiency after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Fertil. Steril. 72 (5), 830–836 (1999).
65. Abate A, Perino M, Abate FG et al. Intramuscular versus vaginal administration of progesterone for luteal phase support after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. A comparative randomized study. Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol. 26 (3–4), 203–206 (1999).
66. Devroey P, Palermo G, Bourgain C et al. Progesterone administration in patients with absent ovaries. Int. J. Fertil. 34 (3), 188–193 (1989).
67. Smitz J, Devroey P, Faguer B et al. A prospective randomized comparison of intramuscular or intravaginal natural progesterone as a luteal phase and early pregnancy supplement. Hum. Reprod. 7 (2), 168–175 (1992).
68. Lightman A, Kol S, Itskovitz-Eldor J. A prospective randomized study comparing intramuscular with intravaginal natural progesterone in programmed thaw cycles. Hum. Reprod. 14 (10), 2596–2599 (1999).
69. Roman E, Aytoz A, Smitz, JE et al. Analysis of the bleeding pattern in assisted reproduction cycles with luteal phase supplementation using vaginal micronized progesterone. Hum. Reprod. 15 (7), 1435–1439 (2000).
70. Kleinstein J. Efficacy and tolerability of vaginal progesterone capsules (utrogest 200) compared with progesterone gel (crinone 8%) for luteal phase support during assisted reproduction. Fertil. Steril. 83 (6), 1641–1649 (2005).
71. Germond M, Capelli P, Bruno G et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of two formulations of micronized progesterone (Ellios and Utrogestan) used as luteal phase support after in vitro fertilization. Fertil. Steril. 77 (2), 313–317 (2002).
72. Ludwig M, Schwartz P, Babahan B et al. Luteal phase support using either crinone 8% or utrogest: results of a prospective, randomized study. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 103 (1), 48–52 (2002).
73. Friedler JS, Raziel A, Schachter M, Strassburger D, Bukovsky I, Ron-El R. Luteal support with micronized progesterone following in-vitro fertilization using a down-regulation protocol with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist: a comparative study between vaginal and oral administration. Hum. Reprod. 14 (8), 1944–1948 (1999).
74. Chakravarty BN, Shirazee HH, Dam P, Goswami SK, Chatterjee R, Ghosh S. Oral dydrogesterone versus intravaginal micronised progesterone as luteal phase support in assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles: results of a randomised study. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 97 (5), 416–420 (2005).
75. Registro Latinoamericano de Reproduccion Asistida. In: Red Latinoamericano de Reproduccion Asistida. Zegers-Hochschild F, Galdames V (Eds). Santiago, Chile (2003). www.redlara.com/ing/home1.asp