Dyslipidemia in special ethnic populations

Cardiology Clinics

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 325-333

  Pu, Jia ^a   Romanelli, Robert ^a   Zhao, Beinan ^a   Azar, Kristen M J ^a   Hastings, Katherine G ^b   Nimbal, Vani ^a   Fortmann, Stephen P ^c   Palaniappan, Latha P ^b  

^a PALO ALTO MEDICAL FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c CENTER FOR HEALTH RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Dyslipidemia; Lifestyle modification; Mortality; Prevalence; Racial ethnic differences; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ATORVASTATIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PRAVASTATIN; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; LIPID;

ASIAN; DIET; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SENSITIVITY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; ETHNIC GROUP; GENETIC DIFFERENCE; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; MORTALITY; MYALGIA; MYOPATHY; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; SOCIAL ASPECT; BLOOD; DISEASE MANAGEMENT; DYSLIPIDEMIAS; ETHNOLOGY; HEALTH; RISK FACTOR;

DISEASE MANAGEMENT; DYSLIPIDEMIAS; ETHNIC GROUPS; GLOBAL HEALTH; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; LIPIDS; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84928818233     PISSN: 07338651     EISSN: 15582264     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2015.01.005     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. Stone N.J., Robinson J., Lichtenstein A.H., et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation 2014, 129:S1-S45.
2. Toth P.P., Potter D., Ming E.E. Prevalence of lipid abnormalities in the United States: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006. JClin Lipidol 2012, 6(4):325-330.
3. Frank A.T., Zhao B., Jose P.O., et al. Racial/ethnic differences in dyslipidemia patterns. Circulation 2014, 129(5):570-579.
4. Holland A.T., Palaniappan L.P. Problems with the collection and interpretation of Asian-American health data: omission, aggregation, and extrapolation. Ann Epidemiol 2012, 22(6):397-405.
5. Statistical fact sheet 2013 update: high blood cholesterol & other lipids. 2013. Available at: Accessed November 15, 2014. http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@sop/@smd/documents/downloadable/ucm_319586.pdf.
6. Rodriguez C.J., Allison M., Daviglus M.L., et al. Status of cardiovascular disease and stroke in Hispanics/Latinos in the United States: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014, 130:593-625. (1524-4539 [Electronic]).
7. Anand S.S., Yusuf S., Vuksan V., et al. Differences in risk factors, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease between ethnic groups in Canada: the Study of Health Assessment and Risk in Ethnic groups (SHARE). Indian Heart J 2000, 52(7 Suppl):S35-S43.
8. Aoki Y., Yoon S.S., Chong Y., et al. Hypertension, abnormal cholesterol, and high body mass index among non-Hispanic Asian adults: United States, 2011-2012. NCHS Data Brief 2014, (140):1-8.
9. Miller M., Stone N.J., Ballantyne C., et al. Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011, 123(20):2292-2333.
10. Goff D.C., Bertoni A.G., Kramer H., et al. Dyslipidemia prevalence, treatment, and control in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA): gender, ethnicity, and coronary artery calcium. Circulation 2006, 113(5):647-656.
11. Huang M.H., Schocken M., Block G., et al. Variation in nutrient intakes by ethnicity: results from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Menopause 2002, 9(5):309-319.
12. McKeigue P.M., Miller G.J., Marmot M.G. Coronary heart disease in South Asians overseas: a review. JClin Epidemiol 1989, 42(7):597-609.
13. Chambers J.C., Kooner J.S. Diabetes, insulin resistance and vascular disease among Indian Asians and Europeans. Semin Vasc Med 2002, 2(2):199-214.
14. Radhika G., Ganesan A., Sathya R.M., et al. Dietary carbohydrates, glycemic load and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations among South Indian adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009, 63(3):413-420.
15. Enas EA. Clinical implications: dyslipidemia in the Asian Indian population. 2002. Available at: Accessed November 15, 2014. https://southasianheartcenter.org/docs/AAPImonograph.pdf.
16. Roger V.L., Go A.S., Lloyd-Jones D.M., et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011, 123(4):e18-e209.
17. Jose P.O., Frank A.T., Kapphahn K.I., et al. Cardiovascular disease mortality in Asian Americans (2003 to 2010). JAm Coll Cardiol 2014, 64(23):2486-2494.
18. Palaniappan L., Wang Y., Fortmann S.P. Coronary heart disease mortality for six ethnic groups in California, 1990-2000. Ann Epidemiol 2004, 14(7):499-506.
19. Keppel K.G., Pearcy J.N., Heron M.P. Is there progress toward eliminating racial/ethnic disparities in the leading causes of death?. Public Health Rep 2010, 125(5):689-697.
20. Farnier M., Chen E., Johnson-Levonas A.O., et al. Effects of extended-release niacin/laropiprant, simvastatin, and the combination on correlations between apolipoprotein B, LDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol in patients with dyslipidemia. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2014, 10:279-290.
21. Enas E., Yusuf S., Mehta J. Meeting of international working group on coronary artery disease in South Asians. Indian Heart J 1996, 48:727-732.
22. Hoyert D.L. 75 years of mortality in the United States, 1935-2010. NCHS Data Brief 2012, (88):1-8.
23. Ye J., Rust G., Baltrus P., et al. Cardiovascular risk factors among Asian Americans: results from a national health survey. Ann Epidemiol 2009, 19(10):718-723.
24. Klatsky A.L., Tekawa I.S., Armstrong M.A. Cardiovascular risk factors among Asian Americans. Public Health Rep 1996, 111(Suppl 2):62-64.
25. Marmot M.G., Syme S.L., Kagan A., et al. Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California: prevalence of coronary and hypertensive heart disease and associated risk factors. Am J Epidemiol 1975, 102(6):514-525.
26. Balarajan R. Ethnic differences in mortality from ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in England and Wales. BMJ 1991, 302(6776):560-564.
27. Enas E.A., Garg A., Davidson M.A., et al. Coronary heart disease and its risk factors in first-generation immigrant Asian Indians to the United States of America. Indian Heart J 1996, 48(4):343-353.
28. Karthikeyan G., Teo K.K., Islam S., et al. Lipid profile, plasma apolipoproteins, and risk of a first myocardial infarction among Asians: an analysis from the INTERHEART Study. JAm Coll Cardiol 2009, 53(3):244-253.
29. Marmot M.G., Syme S.L. Acculturation and coronary heart disease in Japanese-Americans. Am J Epidemiol 1976, 104(3):225-247.
30. Taylor V.M., Yasui Y., Tu S.P., et al. Heart disease prevention among Chinese immigrants. JCommunity Health 2007, 32(5):299-310.
31. Gupta M., Brister S. Is South Asian ethnicity an independent cardiovascular risk factor?. Can J Cardiol 2006, 22(3):193-197.
32. Bartholow M. Rx focus: top 200 drugs of 2012. Pharm Times 2012.
33. Pencina M.J., Navar-Boggan A.M., D'Agostino R.B., et al. Application of new cholesterol guidelines to a population-based sample. NEngl J Med 2014, 370(15):1422-1431.
34. D'Agostino R.B., Vasan R.S., Pencina M.J., et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham heart study. Circulation 2008, 117(6):743-753.
35. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult treatment panel III) final report. Circulation 2002, 106(25):3143-3421.
36. Goff D.C., Lloyd-Jones D.M., Bennett G., et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. JAm Coll Cardiol 2014, 63(25 Pt B):2935-2959.
37. Goff DC Jr, Lloyd-Jones DM. 2013 Report on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: full work group report supplement. 2013. Available at: Accessed May 22, 2014. http://jaccjacc.cardiosource.com/acc_documents/2013_FPR_S5_Risk_Assesment.pdf.
38. Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH. 2013 Report on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in adults: full panel report supplement. 2013. Available at: Accessed May 23, 2014. http://www.kcumb.edu/uploadedFiles/Content/Academics/_Assets/CME_Presentations/Moriarty12_5_full.pdf.
39. Hippisley-Cox J., Coupland C., Vinogradova Y., et al. Predicting cardiovascular risk in England and Wales: prospective derivation and validation of QRISK2. BMJ 2008, 336(7659):1475-1482.
40. Lee E., Ryan S., Birmingham B., et al. Rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics in white and Asian subjects residing in the same environment. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005, 78(4):330-341.
41. Nishizato Y., Ieiri I., Suzuki H., et al. Polymorphisms of OATP-C (SLC21A6) and OAT3 (SLC22A8) genes: consequences for pravastatin pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003, 73(6):554-565.
42. Niemi M. Transporter pharmacogenetics and statin toxicity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010, 87(1):130-133.
43. Zhang W., Yu B.N., He Y.J., et al. Role of BCRP 421C>A polymorphism on rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics in healthy Chinese males. Clin Chim Acta 2006, 373(1-2):99-103.
44. Ho R.H., Choi L., Lee W., et al. Effect of drug transporter genotypes on pravastatin disposition in European- and African-American participants. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2007, 17(8):647-656.
45. Keskitalo J.E., Zolk O., Fromm M.F., et al. ABCG2 polymorphism markedly affects the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009, 86(2):197-203.
46. AstraZeneca. CRESTOR (rosuvastatin) prescribing information. 2014. Available at: Accessed November 12, 2014. http://www1.astrazeneca-us.com/pi/crestor.pdf.
47. Liao J.K. Safety and efficacy of statins in Asians. Am J Cardiol 2007, 99(3):410-414.
48. Bruckert E., Hayem G., Dejager S., et al. Mild to moderate muscular symptoms with high-dosage statin therapy in hyperlipidemic patients-the PRIMO study. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2005, 19(6):403-414.
49. Stewart A. SLCO1B1 polymorphisms and statin-induced myopathy. PLOS Currents Evidence on Genomic Tests December 4, 2013, Edition 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/currents.eogt.d21e7f0c58463571bb0d9d3a19b82203.
50. Fung E.C., Crook M.A. Statin myopathy: a lipid clinic experience on the tolerability of statin rechallenge. Cardiovasc Ther 2012, 30(5):e212-e218.
51. Law M., Rudnicka A.R. Statin safety: a systematic review. Am J Cardiol 2006, 97(8A):52C-60C.
52. FDA drug safety communication: new restrictions, contraindications, and dose limitations for Zocor (simvastatin) to reduce the risk of muscle injury. 2011. Available at: Accessed November 15, 2014. http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm256581.htm.
53. Thompson P.D., Clarkson P., Karas R.H. Statin-associated myopathy. JAMA 2003, 289(13):1681-1690.
54. Pasternak R.C., Smith S.C., Bairey-Merz C.N., et al. ACC/AHA/NHLBI clinical advisory on the use and safety of statins. JAm Coll Cardiol 2002, 40(3):567-572.
55. Group H.T., Landray M.J., Haynes R., et al. Effects of extended-release niacin with laropiprant in high-risk patients. NEngl J Med 2014, 371(3):203-212.
56. Matsuzawa Y., Kita T., Mabuchi H., et al. Sustained reduction of serum cholesterol in low-dose 6-year simvastatin treatment with minimum side effects in 51,321 Japanese hypercholesterolemic patients. Circ J 2003, 67(4):287-294.
57. Wu C.C., Sy R., Tanphaichitr V., et al. Comparing the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin and simvastatin in Asians with elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol-a multinational, multicenter, double-blind study. JFormos Med Assoc 2002, 101(7):478-487.
58. Nakamura H., Arakawa K., Itakura H., et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with pravastatin in Japan (MEGA Study): a prospective randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2006, 368(9542):1155-1163.
59. Shepherd J., Cobbe S.M., Ford I., et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland coronary prevention study group. NEngl J Med 1995, 333(20):1301-1307.
60. Colhoun H.M., Betteridge D.J., Durrington P.N., et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004, 364(9435):685-696.
61. Morales D., Chung N., Zhu J.R., et al. Efficacy and safety of simvastatin in Asian and non-Asian coronary heart disease patients: a comparison of the GOALLS and STATT studies. Curr Med Res Opin 2004, 20(8):1235-1243.
62. Gupta M., Braga M.F., Teoh H., et al. Statin effects on LDL and HDL cholesterol in South Asian and white populations. JClin Pharmacol 2009, 49(7):831-837.
63. Chapman N., Chang C.L., Caulfield M., et al. Ethnic variations in lipid-lowering in response to a statin (EVIREST): a substudy of the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT). Ethn Dis 2011, 21(2):150-157.
64. Albert M.A., Glynn R.J., Fonseca F.A., et al. Race, ethnicity, and the efficacy of rosuvastatin in primary prevention: the justification for the use of statins in prevention: an intervention trial evaluating rosuvastatin (JUPITER) trial. Am Heart J 2011, 162(1):106-114.e102.
65. Lipworth L., Fazio S., Kabagambe E.K., et al. Aprospective study of statin use and mortality among 67,385 blacks and whites in the Southeastern United States. Clin Epidemiol 2014, 6:15-25.
66. Eckel R.H., Jakicic J.M., Ard J.D., et al. 2013 AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION Task Force on Practice Guidelines. JAm Coll Cardiol 2014, 63:2960-2984. (1524-4539 (Electronic)).
67. Behavioral risk factor surveillance system: BRFSS 2002 survey data and documentation. Available at: Accessed November 15, 2014. http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/annual_data/annual_2002.htm.
68. Schoenborn C.A., Adams P.F., Peregoy J.A. Health behaviors of adults: United States, 2008-2010. Vital Health Stat 10 2013, (257):1-184.
69. Lemacks J., Wells B.A., Ilich J.Z., et al. Interventions for improving nutrition and physical activity behaviors in adult African American populations: a systematic review, January 2000 through December 2011. Prev Chronic Dis 2013, 10:E99.
70. Ickes M.J., Sharma M. Asystematic review of physical activity interventions in Hispanic adults. JEnviron Public Health 2012, 2012:156435.
71. Bender M.S., Choi J., Won G.Y., et al. Randomized controlled trial lifestyle interventions for Asian Americans: a systematic review. Prev Med 2014, 67:171-181.
72. Dhokarh R., Himmelgreen D.A., Peng Y.K., et al. Food insecurity is associated with acculturation and social networks in Puerto Rican households. JNutr Educ Behav 2011, 43:288-294. (1878-2620 [Electronic]).
73. Mainous A.G., Diaz V.A., Geesey M.E. Acculturation and healthy lifestyle among Latinos with diabetes. Ann Fam Med 2008, 6:131-137. (1544-1717 [Electronic]).
74. Lin H., Bermudez O.I., Tucker K.L. Dietary patterns of Hispanic elders are associated with acculturation and obesity. JNutr 2003, 133:3651-3657. (0022-3166 [Print]).
75. Palaniappan L.P., Araneta M.R., Assimes T.L., et al. Call to action: cardiovascular disease in Asian Americans: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010, 122(12):1242-1252.
76. Zhou B.F., Stamler J., Dennis B., et al. Nutrient intakes of middle-aged men and women in China, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States in the late 1990s: the INTERMAP study. JHum Hypertens 2003, 17:623-630. (0950-9240 [Print]).
77. Song Y.J., Hofstetter C.R., Hovell M.F., et al. Acculturation and health risk behaviors among Californians of Korean descent. Prev Med 2004, 39:147-156. (0091-7435 [Print]).