The ebb and flow of power: British flood risk management and the politics of scale

Geoforum

Volumn 62, Issue , 2015, Pages 131-142

  Penning Rowsell, E C ^a   Johnson, C ^a  

^a MIDDLESEX UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Britain; Flood risk management; Localism; Policy evolution; Politics of scale; Power

Indexed keywords

DECENTRALIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; FLOODING; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; HAZARD MANAGEMENT; POLITICAL POWER; RISK ASSESSMENT;

UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 84928665216     PISSN: 00167185     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.03.019     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. Agnew J. The territorial trap: the geographical assumptions of international relations theory. Rev. Int. Polit. Econ. 1994, 1(1):53-80.
2. Anglian RFDC, 2011. Response to the Consultation on Future Funding for Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management from Anglian (Central) Regional Flood Defence Committee. London, Defra.
3. Bolin B., Collins T., Darby K. Fate of the verde: water, environmental conflict, and the politics of scale in Arizona's central highlands. Geoforum 2008, 39:1494-1511.
4. Boyle M. Cleaning up after the Celtic Tiger: scalar 'fixes' in the political ecology of Tiger economies. Trans. Inst. Brit. Geogr. 2002, 27:172-194.
5. Brenner N. Between fixity and motion: accumulation, territorial organization and the historical geography of scales. Environ. Plann. D: Soc. Space 1998, 6(4):459-481.
6. Brenner N. The limits to scale? Methodological reflections on scalar structuration. Prog. Hum. Geogr. 2001, 25:591-614.
7. Brown C.J., Purcell M. There's nothing inherent about scale: political ecology, the local trap, and the politics of development in the Brazilian Amazon. Geoforum 2005, 36:607-624.
8. Budds J., Hinojosa L. Restructuring and rescaling water governance in mining contexts: the co-production of waterscapes in Peru. Water Altern. 2012, 5(1):119-137.
9. Bulkeley H. Reconfiguring environmental governance: towards a politics of scales and networks. Polit. Geogr. 2005, 24(8):875-902.
10. Bye P., Horner M. Easter 1998 Floods: Final Assessment by the Independent Review Team 1998, Environment Agency, Bristol.
11. Cohen A. Rescaling environmental governance: watersheds as boundary objects at the intersection of science, neoliberalism, and participation. Environ. Plann. A 2012, 44:2207-2224.
12. Cohen A., Davidson S. An examination of the watershed approach: challenges, antecedents, and the transition from technical tool to governance unit. Water Altern. 2011, 4(1):1-14.
13. Collinge C. Flat ontology and the deconstruction of scale: a response to Marston, Jones and Woodward. Trans. Inst. Brit. Geogr. 2006, 31:244-251.
14. Cox K. Spaces of dependence, spaces of engagement and the politics of scale, or: looking for local politics. Polit. Geogr. 1998, 17:1-23.
15. Crichton D. CII Thinkpiece 73: Is it Possible to Have Sustainable Flood Insurance without Sustainable Flood Risk Management? 2012, Chartered Insurance Institute, London,http://www.cii.co.uk/knowledge/policy-and-public-affairs/articles/cii-thinkpiece-73/18533
16. Defra, 2005. Making Space for Water: Taking Forward a New Government Strategy for Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management in England. First Government Response to the Autumn 2004 making Space for Water Consultation Exercise. Defra, London.
17. Defra, 2006. Consultation on Outcome Measures and Prioritisation Approaches for Flood and Coastal Erosion Management. Defra, London.
18. Defra, 2009. Summary of Responses to the Consultation on the Draft Flood and Water Management Bill from 21 April 2009-24 July 2009. Defra, London.
19. Defra, 2010. Future Funding for Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management: Consultation on the Future Capital Grant-In-Aid Allocation Process in England. Defra, London.
20. Defra, 2011a. Flood and Coastal Resilience Partnership Funding. Defra, London.
21. Defra, 2011b. Flood and Coastal Resilience Partnership Funding: An Introductory Guide. Defra, London.
22. Defra, 2011c. More Flood and Coastal Defence Schemes to go ahead under New Funding System. http://www.defra.gov.uk/news/2011/05/23/more-flood-defence-schemes/.
23. Defra, 2011d. Funding Streams of Risk Management Authorities.http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/flooding/funding-outcomes-insurance/who-does-what/.
24. Defra, 2011e. Future Funding for Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management: Consultation responses from RFDC Chairs. Defra, London.
25. Defra, 2011f. Consultation on Future Funding for Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management: Summary of Responses. Defra, London.
26. Delaney D., Leitner H. The political construction of scale. Polit. Geogr. 1997, 16(2):93-97.
27. Dore J., Lebel L. Deliberation and scale in Mekong region water governance. Environ. Manage. 2010, 46:60-80.
28. Dore J., Lebel L., Molle F. A framework for analysing transboundary water governance complexes, illustrated in the Mekong region. J. Hydrol. 2012, 466-467:23-36.
29. Environment Agency, 2009a. Investing for the Future: Flood and Coastal Risk Management in England (A Long Term Investment Strategy). EA, Bristol.
30. Environment Agency, 2009b. Flooding in England. EA, Bristol.
31. Environment Agency, 2009c. Briefing Note on the National Flood Risk Assessment 2008. EA, Bristol.
32. Environment Agency, 2010. Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management - Appraisal Guidance (FCERM-AG). EA, Bristol.
33. Escobar A. The 'ontological turn' in social theory: a commentary on 'Human geography without scale' by Marston, Jones and Woodward. Trans. Inst. Brit. Geogr. 2007, 32:106-111.
34. Evans J. What is local about local environmental governance? Observations from the local biodiversity action planning process. Area 2004, 36(3):270-279.
35. Feitelson E., Fischhendler I. Spaces of water governance: the case of Israel and its neighbors. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 2009, 99(4):728-745.
36. FFC (The Flood Forecasting Centre), 2012.http://www.ffc-environment-agency.metoffice.gov.uk/.
37. Giddens A. The Constitution of Society 1984, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
38. Gorg C. Landscape governance. The 'politics of scale' and the 'natural' conditions of places. Geoforum 2007, 38:954-966.
39. Harris L. Water and conflict geographies of the southeast Anatolia project. Soc. Nat. Resour. 2002, 15(8):743-759.
40. Harris L.M., Alatout S. Negotiating hydro-scales, forging states: comparison of the upper Tigris/Euphrates and Jordan river basins. Polit. Geogr. 2010, 29:148-156.
41. Howitt R. Scale as relation: musical metaphors of geographical scale. Area 1998, 30:49-58.
42. Howitt R. Scale. A Companion to Political Geography 2003, 138-157. Blackwell, Malden, MA. J. Agnew, K. Mitchell, G. Toal (Eds.).
43. ILE (International Levee Handbook) International Levee Handbook 2014, Construction Industry Research and Intelligence Agency, London.
44. Johns D. Understanding the Risks, Building Resilience, Empowering Communities: A Benefit-led, Partnership Approach to Funding (PowerPoint Presentation) 2011, Defra, London.
45. Johns, D., 2014. Personal Communication (e-mail 08.08.14).
46. Johnson C., Penning-Rowsell E.C. What really determines policy? An evaluation of outcome measures for prioritising flood and coastal risk management investment in England. J. Flood Risk Manage. 2010, 3:25-32.
47. Johnson C., Tunstall S., Penning-Rowsell E.C. Floods as catalysts for policy change: historical lessons from England and Wales. Int. J. Water Resour. Dev. 2005, 21:561-575.
48. Jonas A.E.G. Pro scale: further reflections on the 'scale debates' in human geography. Trans. Inst. Brit. Geogr. 2006, 31:399-406.
49. Jones J.P.,Woodward K., Marston S. Situating flatness, a reply. Trans. Inst. Brit. Geogr. 2007, 32:264-276.
50. Kaiser R., Nikiforova E. The performativity of scale: the social construction of scale effects in Narva, Estonia. Environ. Plann. D: Soc. Space 2008, 26:537-562.
51. Lebel L. The politics of scale in environmental assessments. Bridging Scales and Knowledge Systems. Concepts and Applications in Ecosystem Assessments 2006, 37-57. Island Press. W. Reid, F. Berkes, T. Willbanks, Capistrano (Eds.).
52. Lebel L., Garden P., Imamura M. The politics of scale, position and place in governance of water resources in the Mekong region. Ecol. Soc. 2005, 10(2):18.
53. Leitner H., Miller B. Scale and the limitations of ontological debate: a commentary of Marston, Jones and Woodward. Trans. Inst. Brit. Geogr. 2007, 32:116-125.
54. Leitner H., Sheppard E., Sziarto K.M. The spatialities of contentious politics. Trans. Inst. Brit. Geogr. 2008, 33:157-172.
55. MacKinnon D. Reconstructing scale: towards a new scalar politics. Prog. Hum. Geogr. 2010, 35(1):21-36.
56. Mackinnon D., Tetzlaff D. Conceptualising scale in regional studies and catchment science - towards an integrated characterisation of spatial units Geography. Compass 2009, 3:1-21.
57. MAFF (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food) Flood and Coastal Defence Project Appraisal Guidance (3): Economic Appraisal 1999, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London.
58. MAFF (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food) Flood and Coastal Defence Research and Development: Report of the Advisory Committee 1999, MAFF, London.
59. Mansfield B. Beyond rescaling: reintegrating the 'national' as a dimension of scalar relations. Prog. Hum. Geogr. 2005, 29:458-473.
60. Marston S. The social construction of scale. Prog. Hum. Geogr. 2000, 24:219-242.
61. Marston S., Jones J.P., Woodward K. Human geography without scale. Trans. Inst. Brit. Geogr. 2005, 30:416-432.
62. Massey D.B. For Space 2005, Sage, London.
63. Meadowcroft J. Politics and scale: some implications for environmental governance. Landscape Urban Plann. 2002, 61:169-179.
64. Molle F. River-basin planning and management: the social life of a concept. Geoforum 2009, 40:484-494.
65. Molle F., Mamanpoush A. Scale, governance and the management of river basins: a case study from Central Iran. Geoforum 2012, 43:285-294.
66. Molle F., Wester P., Hirsch P. River basin development and management. Water for Food, Water for Life: A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture 2006, 585-624. Earthscan, London. D. Molden (Ed.).
67. Moore A. Rethinking scale as a geographical category: from analysis to practice. Prog. Hum. Geogr. 2008, 32(2):203-225.
68. NERC (Natural Environment Research Council), 1975. Flood Studies Report. NERC, Swindon, UK.
69. Neumann R. Political ecology: theorizing scale. Prog. Hum. Geogr. 2009, 33(3):398-406.
70. Norman E. Cultural politics and transboundary resource governance in the Salish sea. Water Altern. 2012, 5(1):138-160.
71. Norman E., Bakker K. Transgressing scales: water governance across the Canada-U.S. borderland. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 2009, 99(1):99-117.
72. Norman E.S., Bakker K., Cook C. Introduction to the themed section: water governance and the politics of scale. Water Altern. 2012, 5(1):52-61.
73. Norman, E., Bakker, K., Cook, C., 2012b. Water governance and the politics of scale: how thinking critically about scale can help create better water governance. Global Water Forum.(accessed 09.01.14). http://www.globalwaterforum.org/2012/07/16/water-governance-and-the-politics-of-scale-how-thinking-critically-about-scale-can-help-create-better-water-governance/.
74. Parker D.J., Green C.H., Thompson P.M. Urban Flood Protection Benefits: A Project Appraisal Guide 1987, Gower Technical Press, Aldershot.
75. Penning-Rowsell E.C., Parker D.J., Harding D.M. Floods and Drainage: British Policies for Hazard Reduction, Agricultural Improvement and Wetland Conservation 1986, George Allen and Unwin, Hemel Hempstead.
76. Penning-Rowsell E.C., Johnson C., Tunstall S., Tapsell S., Morris J., Chatterton J.B., Green C.H. The Benefits of Flood and Coastal Risk Management: A Manual of Assessment Techniques 2005, Middlesex University Press, London.
77. Penning-Rowsell E.C., Bye P., Rickard C., Townend I., Watkinson A. An independent Review of the Defra/EA Research and Development Programme in Flood and Coastal Erosion Rick Management 2005, Defra, London.
78. Penning-Rowsell E.C., Johnson C., Tunstall S.M. 'Signals' from pre-crisis discourse: lessons from UK flooding for global environmental policy change?. Global Environ. Change 2006, 16:323-339.
79. Penning-Rowsell E.C., Priest S., Parker D.J., Morris J., Tunstall S., Viavattene C., Owen D. Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management: A Manual for Economic Appraisal 2013, Routledge, London.
80. Perramond E.P. The politics of scaling water governance and adjudication in New Mexico. Water Altern. 2012, 5(1):62-82.
81. Perreault T. State restructuring and the scale politics of rural water governance in Bolivia. Environ. Plann. A 2005, 37:263-284.
82. Pimlott D., Giles C. UK unveils dramatic austerity measures. Financ. Times 2010, 20(October):2010.
83. Pitt M. Learning Lessons from the 2007 Floods: An Independent Review by Sir Michael Pitt 2008, UK Government, Cabinet Office, London.
84. Purseglove J. Taming the Flood 1988, OUP, Oxford.
85. Reed M.G., Bruyneel S. Rescaling environmental governance, rethinking the state: a three-dimensional review. Prog. Hum. Geogr. 2010, 34(5):646-653.
86. Ribot J. Democratic Decentralization of Natural Resources: Institutionalizing Popular Participation 2002, World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.
87. Rist S., Chidambaranatha M., Escobar C., Wiesmann U., Zimmermann A. Moving from sustainable management to sustainable governance of natural resources: the role of social learning processes in rural India, Bolivia and Mali. J. Rural Stud. 2007, 23(1):23-37.
88. Rose N. The Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Thought 1999, CUP, Cambridge.
89. Royal Commission on Land Drainage in England and Wales, 1927. Report. Cmd. 2993.
90. Sabatier P.A. Towards better theories of the policy process. Polit. Sci. Polit. 1991, 24:147-156.
91. Theories of the Policy Process 1999, Westview Press, Boulder, CO. P.A. Sabatier (Ed.).
92. Smith N. Geography, difference and the politics of scale. Postmodernism and the Social Sciences 1992, 57-79. Macmillan, London. J. Doherty, E. Graham, M. Malek (Eds.).
93. Smith N. Homeless/global: scaling places. Mapping the Future: Local Cultures, Global Change 1993, 87-119. Routledge, London. J. Bird, B. Curtis, T. Putnam, L. Tickner (Eds.).
94. Smith N. Remaking scale: competition and cooperation on prenational and postnational Europe. Competitive European Peripheries 1995, 9-74. Springer, Berlin. H. Eskelinen, F. Snickars (Eds.).
95. Smith K., Tobin G.A. Human Adjustment to the Flood Hazard 1979, Longman, London.
96. Sneddon C. Reconfiguring scale and power: the Khong-Chi-Mun project in northeast Thailand. Environ. Plann. A 2003, 35:2229-2250.
97. Sneddon C., Fox C. Rethinking transboundary waters: a critical hydropolitics of the Mekong basin. Polit. Geogr. 2006, 25:181-202.
98. Sneddon C., Harris L., Dimitrov R., Ozesmi U. Contested waters: social conflict, spatial scale and sustainability in aquatic systems. Soc. Nat. Resour. 2002, 15(8):663-675.
99. Somerset County Council, 2014. The Somerset Levels and Moors Flood Action Plan: A 20 Year Plan for a Sustainable Future. Taunton, Somerset County Council.
100. Swyndegouw E. Neither global nor local: 'glocalization' and the politics of scale. Spaces of Globalization: Reasserting the Power of the Local 1997, 137-166. Guilford Press, New York. K. Cox (Ed.).
101. Swyngedouw E. Excluding the other: the production of scale and scaled politics. Geographies of Economics 1997, 167-176. Arnold, London. R. Lee, J. Wills (Eds.).
102. Swyngedouw E. Modernity and hybridity: nature, regeneracionismo and the production of the Spanish waterscape, 1890-1930. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 1999, 89:443-465.
103. Swyngedouw E. Authoritarian governance, power, and the politics of rescaling. Environ. Plann. D: Soc. Space 2000, 18:63-76.
104. Swyngedouw, E., 2002. Scaled geographies. Nature, place and the politics of scale. School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford.
105. Swyngedouw E. Scaled geographies: nature, place and the politics of scale. Scale and Geographical Inquiry 2004, 129-153. Blackwell, Oxford. E. Sheppard, R. McMaster (Eds.).
106. Treasury H.M. The 'Green Book': Appraisal and Evaluation in Central Government 2003, H.M. Treasury, London.
107. Tseng C.P., Penning-Rowsell E.C. Micro-political and related barriers to stakeholder engagement in flood risk management. Geogr. J. 2012, 10.1111/j.1475-4959.2012.00464.x.
108. Tunstall, S.M., Johnson, C.L., Penning-Rowsell, E.C., 2004. Flood hazard management in England and Wales: from land drainage to flood risk management. In: Paper Presented at the World Congress on Natural Disaster Mitigation, 18-21 February 2004, New Delhi, India.
109. University of Nottingham, n.d. 'The Trent research programme (1972-1974)'. H.M.S.O, London.
110. Venables, J., 2014. Personal Communication.
111. Vogel E. Parcelling out the watershed: the recurring consequences of organising Columbia river management within a basin-based territory. Water Altern. 2012, 5(1):161-190.
112. Waverley J.V. Report of the Departmental Committee on Coastal Flooding 1954, HMSO, London.
113. Welsh Assembly Technical Advice Note (TAN) 15: Development and Flood Risk 2004, Welsh Assembly, Cardiff.
114. Welsh Government, 2012. Flood Risk Management Strategy for Wales. Welsh Government, Cardiff.
115. Zimmerer K. Human geography and the 'new ecology': the prospect and promise of integration. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 1994, 84:108-121.
116. Zimmerer K. The reworking of conservation geographies: nonequilibrium landscape and nature society hybrid. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 2000, 90:356-369.