Genetic improvement for root growth angle to enhance crop production

Breeding Science

Volumn 65, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 111-119

  Uga, Yusaku ^a   Kitomi, Yuka ^a   Ishikawa, Satoru ^b   Yano, Masahiro ^a,c  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGROBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES   (Japan)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR AGRO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES   (Japan)

^c NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CROP SCIENCE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Auxins; Drought avoidance; Grain yield; Gravitropism; Phytoremediation; Quantitative trait locus; Root system architecture

Indexed keywords

EID: 84928612308     PISSN: 13447610     EISSN: 13473735     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.65.111     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. Abe, J. and S. Morita (1994) Growth direction of nodal roots in rice: its variation and contribution to root system formation. Plant Soil 165: 333-337.
2. Abe, T., F. Taguchi-Shiobara, Y. Kojima, T. Ebitani, M. Kuramata, T. Yamamoto, M. Yano and S. Ishikawa (2011) Detection of a QTL for accumulating Cd in rice that enables efficient Cd phytoextraction from soil. Breed. Sci. 61: 43-51.
3. Arai-Sanoh, Y, T. Takai, S. Yoshinaga, H. Nakano, M. Kojima, H. Sakakibara, M. Kondo and Y. Uga (2014) Deep rooting conferred by DEEPER ROOTING 1 enhances rice yield in paddy fields. Sci. Rep. 4: 5563.
4. Araki, H., S. Morita, J. Tatsumi and M. Iijima (2002) Physiomorphological analysis on axile root growth in upland rice. Plant Prod. Sci. 5: 286-293.
5. Bernier, J., A. Kumar, V. Ramaiah, D. Spaner and G. Atlin (2007) A large-effect QTL for grain yield under reproductive-stage drought stress in upland rice. Crop Sci. 47: 507-516.
6. Blancaflor, E.B., J.M. Fasano and S. Gilroy (1998) Mapping the functional roles of cap cells in the response of Arabidopsis primary roots to gravity. Plant Physiol. 116: 213-222.
7. Boonsirichai, K., J.C. Sedbrook, R. Chen, S. Gilroy and P.H. Masson (2003) ALTERED RESPONSE TO GRAVITY is a peripheral membrane protein that modulates gravity-induced cytoplasmic alkalinization and lateral auxin transport in plant statocytes. Plant Cell 15: 2612-2625.
8. Briggs, W.R. (1963) Mediation of phototropic responses of corn coleoptiles by lateral transport of auxin. Plant Physiol. 38: 237-247.
9. Cholodny, N. (1927) Wuchshormone und Tropismen bei den Pflanzen. Biol. Zent. 47: 604-626.
10. Christopher, J., M. Christopher, R. Jennings, S. Jones, S. Fletcher, A. Borrell, A.M. Manschadi, D. Jordan, E. Mace and G. Hammer (2013) QTL for root angle and number in a population developed from bread wheats (Triticum aestivum) with contrasting adaptation to water-limited environments. Theor. Appl. Genet. 126: 1563-1574.
11. Courtois, B., G. McLaren, P.K. Sinha, K. Prasad, R. Yadav and L. Shen (2000) Mapping QTLs associated with drought avoidance in upland rice. Mol. Breed. 6: 55-66.
12. Courtois, B., N. Ahmadi, F. Khowaja, A.H. Price, J.F. Rami, J. Frouin, C. Hamelin and M. Ruiz (2009) Rice root genetic architecture: meta-analysis from a drought QTL database. Rice 2: 115-128.
13. de Dorlodot, S., B. Forster, L. Pagés, A. Price, R. Tuberosa and X. Draye (2007) Root system architecture: opportunities and constraints for genetic improvement of crops. Trends Plant Sci. 12: 474-481.
14. Ding, X., X. Li and L. Xiong (2011) Evaluation of near-isogenic lines for drought resistance QTL and fine mapping of a locus affecting flag leaf width, spikelet number, and root volume in rice. Theor. Appl. Genet. 123: 815-826.
15. Eapen, D., M.L. Barroso, M.E. Campos, G. Ponce, G. Corkidi, J.G. Dubrovsky and G.I. Cassab (2003) A no hydrotropic response root mutant that responds positively to gravitropism in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 131: 536-546.
16. Friml, J., J. Wiśniewska, E. Benková, K. Mendgen and K. Palme (2002) Lateral relocation of auxin efflux regulator PIN3 mediates tropism in Arabidopsis. Nature 415: 806-809.
17. Fukai, S. and M. Cooper (1995) Development of drought-resistant cultivars using physiomorphological traits in rice. Field Crops Res. 40: 67-86.
18. Fukaki, H., S. Tameda, H. Masuda and M. Tasaka (2002) Lateral root formation is blocked by a gain-of-function mutation in the SOLITARY-ROOT/IAA14 gene of Arabidopsis. Plant J. 29: 153-168.
19. Gewin, V. (2010) Food: An underground revolution. Nature 466: 552-553.
20. Gray, W.M., S. Kepinski, D. Rouse, O. Leyser and M. Estelle (2001) Auxin regulates SCFTIR1-dependent degradation of AUX/IAA proteins. Nature 414: 271-276.
21. Haberlandt, G. (1900) Uber die Perzeption des geotropischen Reizes. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 18: 261-272.
22. Hamada, A., M. Nitta, S. Nasuda, K. Kato, M. Fujita, H. Matsunaka and Y. Okumoto (2012) Novel QTLs for growth angle of seminal roots in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Soil 354: 395-405.
23. Hammer, G.L., Z. Dong, G. McLean, A. Doherty, C. Messina, J. Schussler, C. Zinselmeier, S. Paszkiewicz and M. Cooper (2009) Can changes in canopy and/or root system architecture explain historical maize yield trends in the U.S. Corn Belt? Crop Sci. 49: 299-312.
24. Han, I.S., T.S. Tseng, W. Eisinger and W.R. Briggs (2008) Phytochrome A regulates the intracellular distribution of phototropin 1-green fluorescent protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell 20: 2835-2847.
25. Harrison, B.R. and P.H. Masson (2008) ARL2, ARG1 and PIN3 define a gravity signal transduction pathway in root statocytes. Plant J. 53: 380-392.
26. Henry, A., V.R.P. Gowda, R.O. Torres, K.L. McNally and R. Serraj (2011) Variation in root system architecture and drought response in rice (Oryza sativa): Phenotyping of the OryzaSNP panel in rainfed lowland fields. Field Crops Res. 120: 205-214.
27. Ho, M., J. Rosas, K. Brown and J.P. Lynch (2005) Root architectural tradeoffs for water and phosphorus acquisition. Funct. Plant Biol. 32: 737-748.
28. Inukai, Y., T. Sakamoto, M. Ueguchi-Tanaka, Y. Shibata, K. Gomi, I. Umemura, Y. Hasegawa, M. Ashikari, H. Kitano and M. Matsuoka (2005) Crown rootless1, which is essential for crown root formation in rice, is a target of an AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR in auxin signaling. Plant Cell 17: 1387-1396.
29. Ishikawa, H. and M.L. Evans (1993) The role of the distal elongation zone in the response of maize roots to auxin and gravity. Plant Physiol. 102: 1203-1210.
30. Ishikawa, S., N. Ae and M. Yano (2005) Chromosomal regions with quantitative trait loci controlling cadmium concentration in brown rice (Oryza sativa). New Phytol. 168: 345-350.
31. Ishikawa, S., Y. Ishimaru, M. Igura, M. Kuramata, T. Abe, T. Senoura, Y. Hase, T. Arao, N.K. Nishizawa and H. Nakanishi (2012) Ionbeam irradiation, gene identification, and marker-assisted breeding in the development of low-cadmium rice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109: 19166-19171.
32. Ishimaru, Y., R. Takahashi, K. Bashir, H. Shimo, T. Senoura, K. Sugimoto, K. Ono, M. Yano, S. Ishikawa, T. Arao et al. (2012) Characterizing the role of rice NRAMP5 in manganese, iron and cadmium transport. Sci. Rep. 2: 286.
33. Jun, N., W. Gaohang, Z. Zhenxing, Z. Huanhuan, W. Yunrong and W. Ping (2011) OsIAA23-mediated auxin signaling defines postembryonic maintenance of QC in rice. Plant J. 68: 433-442.
34. Kato, Y., J. Abe, A. Kamoshita and J. Yamagishi (2006) Genotypic variation in root growth angle in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its association with deep root development in upland fields with different water regimes. Plant Soil 287: 117-129.
35. Kawata, S., M. Soejima and K. Yamazaki (1978) The superficial root function and yield of hulled rice. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 47: 617-628.
36. Kell, D.B. (2011) Breeding crop plants with deep roots: their role in sustainable carbon, nutrient and water sequestration. Ann. Bot. 108: 407-418.
37. Kirkegaard, J.A., J.M. Lilley, G.N. Howe and J.M. Graham (2007) Impact of subsoil water use on wheat yield. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 58: 303-315.
38. Kiss, J.Z., J.L. Mullen, M.J. Correll and R.P. Hangarter (2003) Phytochromes A and B mediate red-light-induced positive phototropism in roots. Plant Physiol. 131: 1411-1417.
39. Kitomi, Y., A. Ogawa, H. Kitano and Y. Inukai (2008) CRL4 regulates crown root formation through auxin transport in rice. Plant Root 2: 19-28.
40. Kitomi, Y., H. Ito, T. Hobo, K. Aya, H. Kitano and Y. Inukai (2011) The auxin responsive AP2/ERF transcription factor CROWN ROOTLESS5 is involved in crown root initiation in rice through the induction of OsRR1, a type-A response regulator of cytokinin signaling. Plant J. 67: 472-484.
41. Kitomi, Y., H. Inahashi, H. Takehisa, Y. Sato and Y. Inukai (2012) OsIAA13-mediated auxin signaling is involved in lateral root initiation in rice. Plant Sci. 190: 116-122.
42. Kitomi, Y., N. Kanno, S. Kawai, T. Mizubayashi, S. Fukuoka and Y. Uga (in press) QTLs underlying natural variation of root growth angle among rice cultivars with the same functional allele of DEEPER ROOTING 1.
43. Rice Kleine-Vehn, J., Z. Ding, A.R. Jones, M. Tasaka, M.T. Morita and J. Friml (2010) Gravity-induced PIN transcytosis for polarization of auxin fluxes in gravity-sensing root cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107: 22344-22349.
44. Kobayashi, A., A. Takahashi, Y. Kakimoto, Y. Miyazawa, N. Fujii, A. Higashitani and H. Takahashi (2007) A gene essential for hydrotropism in roots. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 4724-4729.
45. Kono, M. (1995) Physiological aspects of lodging. In: Matsuo, T., K. Kumazawa, R. Ishii, K. Ishihara and H. Hirata (eds.) Science of the rice plant 2, Physiology. Food and Agriculture Policy Research Center, Tokyo, pp. 971-982.
46. Lafitte, H.R., M.C. Champoux, G. McLaren and J.C. O’Toole (2001) Rice root morphological traits are related to isozyme group and adaptation. Field Crops Res. 71: 57-70.
47. Lanceras, J.C., G. Pantuwan, B. Jongdee and T. Toojinda (2004) Quantitative trait loci associated with drought tolerance at reproductive stage in rice. Plant Physiol. 135: 384-399.
48. Leitz, G., B.H. Kang, M.E. Schoenwaelder and L.A. Staehelin (2009) Statolith sedimentation kinetics and force transduction to the cortical endoplasmic reticulum in gravity-sensing Arabidopsis columella cells. Plant Cell 21: 843-860.
49. Leyser, H.M., F.B. Pickett, S. Dharmasiri and M. Estelle (1996) Mutations in the AXR3 gene of Arabidopsis result in altered auxin response including ectopic expression from the SAUR-AC1 promoter. Plant J. 10: 403-413.
50. Liscum, E. and W.R. Briggs (1995) Mutations in the NPH1 locus of Arabidopsis disrupt the perception of phototropic stimuli. Plant Cell 7: 473-485.
51. Liscum, E. and J.W. Reed (2002) Genetics of Aux/IAA and ARF action in plant growth and development. Plant Mol. Biol. 49: 387-400.
52. Liu, H., S. Wang, X. Yu, J. Yu, X. He, S. Zhang, H. Shou and P. Wu (2005) ARL1, a LOB-domain protein required for adventitious root formation in rice. Plant J. 43: 47-56.
53. Liu, S., J. Wang, L. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Xue, P. Wu and H. Shou (2009) Adventitious root formation in rice requires OsGNOM1 and is mediated by the OsPINs family. Cell Res. 19: 1110-1119.
54. Lynch, J. (1995) Root architecture and plant productivity. Plant Physiol. 109: 7-13.
55. Lynch, J.P. and K.M. Brown (2001) Topsoil foraging—an architectural adaptation of plants to low phosphorus availability. Plant Soil 237: 225-237.
56. Lynch, J.P. (2011) Root phenes for enhanced soil exploration and phosphorus acquisition: tools for future crops. Plant Physiol. 156: 1041-1049.
57. Mace, E.S., V. Singh, E.J. van Oosterom, G.L. Hammer, C.H. Hunt and D.R. Jordan (2012) QTL for nodal root angle in sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L. Moench) co-locate with QTL for traits associated with drought adaptation. Theor. Appl. Genet. 124: 97-109.
58. Mano, Y. and F. Omori (2007) Breeding for flooding tolerant maize using “teosinte” as a germplasm resource. Plant Root 1: 17-21.
59. Manschadi, A.M., J. Christopher, P. de Voil and G.L. Hammer (2006) The role of root architectural traits in adaptation of wheat to water-limited environments. Funct. Plant Biol. 33: 823-837.
60. Manske, G.G.B., J.I. Ortiz-Monasterio, M. Van Ginkel, R.M. González, S. Rajaram, E. Molina and P.L.G. Vlek (2000) Traits associated with improved P-uptake efficiency in CIMMYT’s semidwarf spring bread wheat grown on an acid Andisol in Mexico. Plant Soil 221: 189-204.
61. Miyazawa, Y., A. Takahashi, A. Kobayashi, T. Kaneyasu, N. Fujii and H. Takahashi (2009) GNOM-mediated vesicular trafficking plays an essential role in hydrotropism of Arabidopsis roots. Plant Physiol. 149: 835-840.
62. Morita, S., T. Suga and K. Yamazaki (1988) The relationship between root length density and yield in rice plants. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 57: 438-443.
63. Morita, S. (1993) Root system distribution and its possible relation to yield in rice. In: Low-input sustainable crop production systems in Asia, KSCS, Korea, pp. 371-377.
64. Moriwaki, T., Y. Miyazawa, N. Fujii and H. Takahashi (2012) Light and abscisic acid signalling are integrated by MIZ1 gene expression and regulate hydrotropic response in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Environ. 35: 1359-1368.
65. Müller, A., C. Guan, L. Gälweiler, P. Tänzler, P. Huijser, A. Marchant, G. Parry, M. Bennett, E. Wisman and K. Palme (1998) AtPIN2 defines a locus of Arabidopsis for root gravitropism control. EMBO J. 17: 6903-6911.
66. Nagpal, P., L.M. Walker, J.C. Young, A. Sonawala, C. Timpte, M. Estelle and J.W. Reed (2000) AXR2 encodes a member of the Aux/ IAA protein family. Plant Physiol. 123: 563-574.
67. Němec, B. (1900) Über die Art der Wahrnehmung des Schwerkraftreizes bei den Pflanzen. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 18: 241-245.
68. Norton, G.J. and A.H. Price (2009) Mapping of quantitative trait loci for seminal root morphology and gravitropic response in rice. Euphytica 166: 229-237.
69. Obara, M., W. Tamura, T. Ebitani, M. Yano, T. Sato and T. Yamaya (2010) Fine-mapping of qRL6.1, a major QTL for root length of rice seedlings grown under a wide range of NH4+ concentrations in hydroponic conditions. Theor. Appl. Genet. 121: 535-547.
70. Omori, F. and Y. Mano (2007) QTL mapping of root angle in F2 populations from maize ‘B73’ × teosinte ‘Zea luxurians’. Plant Root 1: 57-65.
71. Ookawa, T., Y. Naruoka, T. Yamazaki, J. Suga and T. Hirasawa (2003) A comparison of the accumulation and partitioning of nitrogen in plants between two rice cultivars, Akenohoshi and Nipponbare, at the ripening stage. Plant Prod. Sci. 6: 172-178.
72. O’Toole, J.C. and W.L. Bland (1987) Genotypic variation in crop plant root systems. Adv. Agr. 41: 91-143.
73. Oyanagi, A., T. Nakamoto and S. Morita (1993) The gravitropic response of roots and the shaping of the root system in cereal plants. Env. Exp. Bot. 33: 141-158.
74. Oyanagi, A., C. Kiribuchi-Otobe, T. Yanagisawa, S. Miura, H. Kobayashi and S. Muranaka (2004) Growth and grain yield of wheat experimental lines with deep and shallow root system in wet paddy fields. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 73: 300-308.
75. Pratt, L.H. and R.A. Coleman (1974) Phytochrome distribution in etiolated grass seedlings as assayed by an indirect antibody-labeling method. Amer. J. Bot. 61: 195-202.
76. Rich, S.M. and M. Watt (2013) Soil conditions and cereal root system architecture: review and considerations for linking Darwin and Weaver. J. Exp. Bot. 64: 1193-1208.
77. Sakai, T., T. Kagawa, M. Kasahara, T.E. Swartz, J.M. Christie, W.R. Briggs, M. Wada and K. Okada (2001) Arabidopsis nph1 and npl1: blue light receptors that mediate both phototropism and chloroplast relocation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 6969-6974.
78. Sakata, I., T. Kagiya, Y. Kawai and A. Oyanagi (2004) Effects of pruning of roots growing at various angles on pushing resistance of rice cultivars. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 73: 1-5.
79. Salt, D.E., R.D. Smith and I. Raskin (1998) Phytoremediation. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 49: 643-68.
80. San-oh, Y., Y. Mano, T. Ookawa and T. Hirasawa (2004) Comparison of dry matter production and associated characteristics between direct-sown and transplanted rice plants in a submerged paddy field and relationships to planting patterns. Field Crops Res. 87: 43-58.
81. San-oh, Y., T. Sugiyama, D. Yoshita, T. Ookawa and T. Hirasawa (2006) The effect of planting pattern on the rate of photosynthesis and related processes during ripening in rice plants. Field Crops Res. 96: 113-124.
82. Saucedo, M., G. Ponce, M.E. Campos, D. Eapen, E. García, R. Luján, Y. Sánchez and G.I. Cassab (2012) An altered hydrotropic response ahr1 mutant of Arabidopsis recovers root hydrotropism with cytokinin. J. Exp. Bot. 63: 3587-3601.
83. Scheffran, J. and A. Battaglini (2011) Climate and conflicts: The security risks of global warming. Reg. Environ. Change 11 (Suppl. 1): S27-S39
84. Shen, L., B. Courtois, K.L. McNally, S. Robin and Z. Li (2001) Evaluation of near-isogenic lines of rice introgressed with QTLs for root depth through marker-aided selection. Theor. Appl. Genet. 103: 75-83.
85. Steele, K.A., A.H. Price, H.E. Shashidhar and J.R. Witcombe (2006) Marker-assisted selection to introgress rice QTLs controlling root traits into an Indian upland rice variety. Theor. Appl. Genet. 112: 208-221.
86. Swarup, R., E.M. Kramer, P. Perry, K. Knox, H.M. Leyser, J. Haseloff, G.T. Beemster, R. Bhalerao and M.J. Bennett (2005) Root gravitropism requires lateral root cap and epidermal cells for transport and response to a mobile auxin signal. Nat. Cell Biol. 7: 1057-1065.
87. Takahashi, N., N. Goto, K. Okada and H. Takahashi (2002) Hydrotropism in abscisic acid, wavy, and gravitropic mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta 216: 203-211.
88. Terashima, K., T. Ogata and S. Akita (1994) Eco-physiological characteristics related with lodging tolerance of rice in direct sowing cultivation II. Root growth characteristics of tolerant cultivars to root lodging. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 63: 34-41.
89. Terashima, K., S. Akita and N. Sakai (1995) Eco-physiological characteristics related with lodging tolerance of rice in direct sowing cultivation III. Relationship between the characteristics of root distribution in the soil and lodging tolerance. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 64: 243-250.
90. Terashima, K. (1997) Eco-physiological study of root lodging tolerance in direct-seeded rice cultivars. JARQ 31: 155-162.
91. Tian, Q. and J.W. Reed (1999) Control of auxin-regulated root development by the Arabidopsis thaliana SHY2/IAA3 gene. Development 126: 711-721.
92. Trachsel, S., S.M. Kaeppler, K.M. Brown and J.P. Lynch (2013) Maize root growth angles become steeper under low N conditions. Field Crops Res. 140: 18-31.
93. Tsugeki, R. and N.V. Fedoroff (1999) Genetic ablation of root cap cells in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 12941-12946.
94. Uga, Y., K. Ebana, J. Abe, S. Morita, K. Okuno and M. Yano (2009) Variation in root morphology and anatomy among accessions of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) with different genetic backgrounds. Breed. Sci. 59: 87-93.
95. Uga, Y., K. Okuno and M. Yano (2010) Fine mapping of Sta1, a quantitative trait locus determining stele transversal area, on rice chromosome 9. Mol. Breed. 26: 533-538.
96. Uga, Y., K. Okuno and M. Yano (2011) Dro1, a major QTL involved in deep rooting of rice under upland field conditions. J. Exp. Bot. 62: 2485-2494.
97. Uga, Y., E. Hanzawa, S. Nagai, K. Sasaki, M. Yano and T. Sato (2012) Identification of qSOR1, a major rice QTL involved in soil-surface rooting in paddy fields. Theor. Appl. Genet. 124: 75-86.
98. Uga, Y., K. Sugimoto, S. Ogawa, J. Rane, M. Ishitani, N. Hara, Y. Kitomi, Y. Inukai, K. Ono, N. Kanno et al. (2013a) Control of root system architecture by DEEPER ROOTING 1 increases rice yield under drought conditions. Nat. Genet. 45: 1097-1102.
99. Uga, Y., E. Yamamoto, N. Kanno, S. Kawai, T. Mizubayashi and S. Fukuoka (2013b) A major QTL controlling deep rooting on rice chromosome 4. Sci. Rep. 3: 3040.
100. Uga, Y., Y. Kitomi, E. Yamamoto, N. Kanno, S. Kawai, T. Mizubayashi and S. Fukuoka (2015) A QTL for root growth angle on rice chromosome 7 is involved in the genetic pathway of DEEPER ROOTING 1. Rice 8: 8.
101. Uraguchi, S. and T. Fujiwara (2012) Cadmium transport and tolerance in rice: Perspectives for reducing grain cadmium accumulation. Rice 5: 5.
102. Wang, H., X. Xu, X. Zhan, R. Zhai, W. Wu, X. Shen, G. Dai, L. Cao and S. Cheng (2013) Identification of qRL7, a major quantitative trait locus associated with rice root length in hydroponic conditions. Breed. Sci. 63: 267-274.
103. Went, F. (1926) On growth accelerating substances in the coleoptile of Avena sativa. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wet. 30: 10-19.
104. Wolverton, C., J.L. Mullen, H. Ishikawa and M.L. Evans (2002) Root gravitropism in response to a signal originating outside of the cap. Planta 215: 153-157.
105. Yamamoto, T. and M. Yano (2008) Detection and molecular cloning of genes underlying quantitative phenotypic variations in rice. In: Hirano, H.Y. et al. (eds.) Rice Biology in the Genomics Era, Springer, Berlin, pp. 295-308.
106. Yamamoto, T., Y. Uga and M. Yano (2014) Genomics-assisted allele mining and its integration into rice breeding. In: Tuberosa, R. et al. (eds.) Genomics of Plant Genetic Resources, Springer, Berlin, pp. 251-265.
107. Yang, X., S. Lee, J.H. So, S. Dharmasiri, N. Dharmasiri, L. Ge, C. Jensen, R. Hangarter, L. Hobbie and M. Estelle (2004) The IAA1 protein is encoded by AXR5 and is a substrate of SCFTIR1. Plant J. 40: 772-782.
108. Yue, B., L. Xiong, W. Xue, Y. Xing, L. Luo and C. Xu (2005) Genetic analysis for drought resistance of rice at reproductive stage in field with different types of soil. Theor. Appl. Genet. 111: 1127-1136.
109. Zhu, Z.X., Y. Liu, S.J. Liu, C.Z. Mao, Y.R. Wu and P. Wu (2012) A gainof-function mutation in OsIAA11 affects lateral root development in rice. Mol. Plant 5: 154-161.
110. Zou, G.H., H.W. Mei, H.Y. Liu, G.L. Liu, S.P. Hu, X.Q. Yu, M.S. Li, J.H. Wu and L.J. Luo (2005) Grain yield responses to moisture regimes in a rice population: association among traits and genetic markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 112: 106-113.