Characterizing airborne fungal and bacterial concentrations and emission rates in six occupied children's classrooms

Indoor Air

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 641-652

  Hospodsky, D ^a   Yamamoto, N ^a,b   Nazaroff, W W ^c   Miller, D ^a   Gorthala, S ^a   Peccia, J ^a  

^a Yale University   (United States)

^b Seoul National University   (South Korea)

^c Berkeley   (United States)

Author keywords

Bioaerosols; Exposure; Indoor microbiome; Particle size distribution; Quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Resuspension

Indexed keywords

BACTERIA; FUNGI; PARTICLE SIZE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REACTION RATES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION;

BIOAEROSOLS; CONCENTRATION RATES; EMISSIONS RATES; EXPOSURE; INDOOR MICROBIOME; MICROBIOME; PARTICLES-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RE-SUSPENSION;

PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS;

PARTICULATE MATTER;

ANALYSIS; BACTERIAL COUNT; BACTERIAL LOAD; CHILD; HUMAN; INDOOR AIR POLLUTION; MICROBIOLOGY; PARTICULATE MATTER; SCHOOL; STUDENT;

AIR MICROBIOLOGY; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; BACTERIAL LOAD; CHILD; COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL; HUMANS; PARTICULATE MATTER; SCHOOLS; STUDENTS;

EID: 84928394661     PISSN: 09056947     EISSN: 16000668     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/ina.12172     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Adams, R.I., Miletto, M., Taylor, J.W. and Bruns, T.D. (2013) Dispersal in microbes: fungi in indoor air are dominated by outdoor air and show dispersal limitation at short distances, ISME J., 7, 1262-1273.
2. Amann, R.I., Ludwig, W. and Schleifer, K.H. (1995) Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation, Microbiol. Rev., 59, 143-169.
3. Bauer, H., Schueller, E., Weinke, G., Berger, A., Hitzenberger, R., Marr, I.L. and Puxbaum, H. (2008) Significant contributions of fungal spores to the organic carbon and to the aerosol mass balance of the urban atmospheric aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 42, 5542-5549.
4. Bhangar, S., Huffman, J.A. and Nazaroff, W.W. (2014) Size-resolved fluorescent biological aerosol particle concentrations and occupant emissions in a university classroom, Indoor Air, 24, 604-616.
5. Boreson, J., Dillner, A.M. and Peccia, J. (2004) Correlating bioaerosol load with PM2.5 and PM10cf concentrations: a comparison between natural desert and urban-fringe aerosols, Atmos. Environ., 38, 6029-6041.
6. Chang, M., Kim, S. and Sioutas, C. (1999) Experimental studies on particle impaction and bounce: effects of substrate design and material, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2313-2322.
7. Chen, Q. and Hildemann, L.M. (2009) The effects of human activities on exposure to particulate matter and bioaerosols in residential homes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 4641-4646.
8. Cole, G.T. and Samson, R.A. (1984) The Conidia, In: Al-Doory, Y. and Domson, J.F. (eds) Mould Allergy, Philadelphia, PA, Lea & Fibiger, 66-103.
9. Dunn, R.R., Fierer, N., Henley, J.B., Leff, J.W. and Menninger, H.L. (2013) Home life: factors structuring the bacterial diversity found within and between homes, PLoS ONE, 8, e64133.
10. Ferro, A.R., Kopperud, R.J. and Hildemann, L.M. (2004) Elevated personal exposure to particulate matter from human activities in a residence, J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol., 14, S34-S40.
11. 2 in occupied school rooms, J. Environ. Monit., 5, 246-252.
12. Fox, A., Harley, W., Feigley, C., Salzberg, D., Toole, C., Sebastian, A. and Larsson, L. (2005) Large particles are responsible for elevated bacterial marker levels in school air upon occupation, J. Environ. Monit., 7, 450-456.
13. Fox, K., Castanha, E., Fox, A., Feigley, C. and Salzberg, D. (2008) Human K10 epithelial keratin is the most abundant protein in airborne dust of both occupied and unoccupied school rooms, J. Environ. Monit., 10, 55-59.
14. Herrera, M.L., Vallor, A.C., Gelfond, J.A., Patterson, T.F. and Wickes, B.L. (2009) Strain-dependent variation in 18S ribosomal DNA copy numbers in Aspergillus fumigatus, J. Clin. Microbiol., 47, 1325-1332.
15. Hospodsky, D., Qian, J., Nazaroff, W.W., Yamamoto, N., Bibby, K., Rismani-Yazdi, H. and Peccia, J. (2012) Human occupancy as a source of indoor airborne bacteria, PLoS ONE, 7, e34867.
16. Ilic, B., Czaplewski, D., Zalalutdinov, M., Craighead, H.G., Neuzil, P., Campagnolo, C. and Batt, C. (2001) Single cell detection with micromechanical oscillators, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 19, 2825-2828.
17. Lee, Z.M.-P., Bussema, C. III and Schmidt, T.M. (2009) rrnDB: documenting the number of rRNA and tRNA genes in bacteria and archaea, Nucleic Acids Res., 37, D489-D493.
18. Mackintosh, C.A., Lidwell, O.M., Towers, A.G. and Marples, R.R. (1978) The dimensions of skin fragments dispersed into the air during activity, J. Hyg. (Lond.), 81, 471-479.
19. McDonagh, A. and Byrne, M.A. (2014) A study of the size distribution of aerosol particles resuspended from clothing surfaces, J. Aerosol Sci., 75, 94-103.
20. Meadow, J.F., Altrichter, A.E., Kembel, S.W., Kline, J., Mhuireach, G., Moriyama, M., Northcutt, D., O'Connor, T.K., Womack, A.M., Brown, G.Z., Green, J.L. and Bohannan, B.J.M. (2014) Indoor airborne bacterial communities are influenced by ventilation, occupancy, and outdoor air source, Indoor Air, 24, 41-48.
21. Mullen, N. (2010) Characterizing Ultrafine Particle Exposures within Two Indoor Environments: San Francisco Bay Area Classrooms and Beijing High-Rise Apartments. PhD Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
22. Nadkarni, M.A., Martin, F.E., Jacques, N.A. and Hunter, N. (2002) Determination of bacterial load by real-time PCR using a broad-range (universal) probe and primers set, Microbiology, 148, 257-266.
23. Noble, W.C., Habbema, J.D.F., Van Furth, R., Smith, I. and De Raay, C. (1976) Quantitative studies on the dispersal of skin bacteria into the air, J. Med. Microbiol., 9, 53-61.
24. Qian, J. and Ferro, A.R. (2008) Resuspension of dust particles in a chamber and associated environmental factors, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 42, 566-578.
25. Qian, J., Ferro, A.R. and Fowler, K.R. (2008) Estimating the resuspension rate and residence time of indoor particles, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 58, 502-516.
26. Qian, J., Hospodsky, D., Yamamoto, N., Nazaroff, W.W. and Peccia, J. (2012) Size-resolved emission rates of airborne bacteria and fungi in an occupied classroom, Indoor Air, 22, 339-351.
27. Qian, J., Peccia, J. and Ferro, A.R. (2014) Walking-induced particle resuspension in indoor environments, Atmos. Environ., 89, 464-481.
28. 2 concentrations and production rates, Build. Environ., 23, 95-102.
29. Thatcher, T.L. and Layton, D.W. (1995) Deposition, resuspension, and penetration of particles within a residence, Atmos. Environ., 29, 1487-1497.
30. Thatcher, T.L., Lai, A.C.K., Moreno-Jackson, R., Sextro, R.G. and Nazaroff, W.W. (2002) Effects of room furnishings and air speed on particle deposition rates indoors, Atmos. Environ., 36, 1811-1819.
31. Tian, Y., Sul, K., Qian, J., Mondal, S. and Ferro, A.R. (2014) A comparative study of walking-induced dust resuspension using a consistent test mechanism, Indoor Air, 24, 592-603.
32. Wittmaack, K., Wehnes, H., Heinzmann, U. and Agerer, R. (2005) An overview on bioaerosols viewed by scanning electron microscopy, Sci. Total Environ., 346, 244-255.
33. Yamamoto, N., Shendell, D.G. and Peccia, J. (2011) Assessing allergenic fungi in house dust by floor wipe sampling and quantitative PCR, Indoor Air, 21, 521-530.
34. Yamamoto, N., Bibby, K., Qian, J., Hospodsky, D., Rismani-Yazdi, H., Nazaroff, W.W. and Peccia, J. (2012) Particle-size distributions and seasonal diversity of allergenic and pathogenic fungi in outdoor air, ISME J., 6, 1801-1811.
35. Yamamoto, N., Nazaroff, W.W. and Peccia, J. (2014) Assessing the aerodynamic diameters of taxon-specific fungal bioaerosols by quantitative PCR and next-generation DNA sequencing, J. Aerosol Sci., 78, 1-10.
36. Zhou, G., Whong, W.-Z., Ong, T. and Chen, B. (2000) Development of a fungus-specific PCR assay for detecting low-level fungi in an indoor environment, Mol. Cell. Probes, 14, 339-348.