Groups’ search for meaning: Redemption on the path to intergroup reconciliation

Group Processes and Intergroup Relations

Volumn 18, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 696-715

  Rotella, Katie N ^a   Richeson, Jennifer A ^a   McAdams, Dan P ^a  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

intergroup reconciliation; meaning making; redemption narratives

Indexed keywords

EID: 84928141804     PISSN: 13684302     EISSN: 14617188     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1368430215570501     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. P.Armstrong (2012, February23). Fury over Japanese politician’s Nanking massacre denial. CNN News. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2012/02/23/world/asia/china-nanjing-row/
2. D.ArnoldL.G.CalhounR.TedeschiA.Cann (2005). Vicarious post-traumatic growth in psychotherapy. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 45, 239–263. doi:10.1177/1049732310377457
3. R.F.Baumeister (1991). Meanings of life. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
4. R.BilaliL.R.TroppN.Dasgupta (2012). Attributions of responsibility and perceived harm in the aftermath of mass violence. Peace & Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 18, 21–39. doi:10.1037/a0026671
5. N.R.BranscombeB.Doosje (Eds.). (2004). Collective guilt: International perspectives (pp. 16–34). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
6. N.R.BranscombeA.M.Miron (2004). Interpreting the ingroup’s negative actions toward another group: Emotional reactions to appraised harm. In L.Z.TiedensC.W.Leach (Eds.), The social life of emotions (pp. 314–335). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
7. N.R.BranscombeB.SlugoskiD.M.Kappen (2004). The measurement of collective guilt: What it is and what it is not. In N.R.BranscombeB.Doosje (Eds.), Collective guilt: International perspectives (pp. 16–34). New York: Cambridge University Press.
8. E.CairnsT.TamM.HewstoneU.Niens (2005). Intergroup forgiveness and intergroup conflict: Northern Ireland, a case study. In E.L.Worthington (Eds.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 461–476). New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.
9. J.CrockerR.Luhtanen (1990). Collective self-esteem and ingroup bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 60–67. doi:10.1037/0022–3514.58.1.60
10. C.DavisS.Nolen-HoeksemaJ.Larson (1998). Making sense of loss and benefiting from the experience: Two construals of meaning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 561–574. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.2.561
11. B.DoosjeN.R.BranscombeR.SpearsA.S.R.Manstead (1998). Guilty by association: When one’s ingroup has a negative history. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 872–886. doi:10.1037/0022–3514.75.4.872
12. D.T.Gilbert. (2006). Stumbling on happiness. New York, NY: Knopf.
13. E.HalperinA.G.RussellK.H.TrzesniewskiJ.J.GrossC.S.Dweck (2011). Promoting the Middle East peace process by changing beliefs about group malleability. Science, 333, 1767–1769. doi:10.1037/a0037699
14. P.L.Hammack. (2006). Identity, conflict, and coexistence: Life stories of Israeli and Palestinian adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 21, 323–369. doi:10.1177/0743558406289745
15. V.S.HelgesonK.A.ReynoldsP.L.Tomich (2006). A meta-analytic review of benefit finding and growth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 797–816. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.797
16. R.Janoff-BulmanC.M.Frantz (1997). The impact of trauma on meaning: From meaningless world to meaningful life. In M.PowerC.R.Brewin (Eds.), The transformation of meaning in psychological therapies (pp. 91–106). New York, NY: Wiley.
17. D.KahnY.KlarS.Roccas (2010). For the sake of the eternal group: Perceiving the group as a trans-generational entity and willingness to endure ingroup suffering and sacrifice. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Las Vegas, NV, January.
18. A.Lazare. (2004). On apology. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
19. M.J.Lerner. (1980). The belief in a just world: A fundamental delusion. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
20. L.LicataO.KleinW.SaadeA.E.AzziN.R.Branscombe (2012). Perceived out-group (dis)continuity and attribution of responsibility for the Lebanese Civil War mediate effects of national and religious sub-group identification on intergroup attitudes. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 15, 179–192. doi:10.1177/1368430211414445
21. B.LickelT.SchmaderM.CurtisM.ScarnierD.R.Ames (2005). Vicarious shame and guilt. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 8, 145–157. doi:10.1177/1368430205051064
22. R.LuhtanenJ.Crocker (1992). A collective self-esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one’s social identity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 302–318. doi:10.1177/0146167292183006
23. S.Maruna. (2001). Making good: How ex-convicts reform and rebuild their lives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Books.
24. S.MarunaL.WilsonK.Curran (2006). Why God is often found behind bars: Prison conversions and the crisis of self-narrative. Research in Human Development, 3, 161–184. doi:10.1080/15427609.2006.9683367
25. D.P.McAdams. (2001). The psychology of life stories. Review of General Psychology, 5, 100–122. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.5.2.100
26. D.P.McAdams. (2006a). The redemptive self: Stories Americans live by. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
27. D.P.McAdams. (2006b). The redemptive self: Generativity and the stories Americans live by. Research in Human Development, 3, 81–100. doi:10.1080/15427609.2006.9683363
28. D.P.McAdams. (2012). Exploring psychological themes through narrative accounts. In J.A.HolsteinJ.F.Gubrium (Eds.), Varieties of narrative analysis (pp. 15–32). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
29. D.P.McAdamsA.DiamondE.de St. AubinE.Mansfield (1997). Stories of commitment: The psychosocial construction of generative lives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 678–694. doi:10.1037/0022–3514.72.3.678
30. D.McAdamsE.Manczak (2015). Personality and the life story. In M.MikulincerJ.L.Cooper (Eds.), Handbook of personality and social psychology (pp. 425–446). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
31. D.P.McAdamsJ.ReynoldsM.LewisA.H.PattenP.J.Bowman (2001). When bad things turn good and good things turn bad: Sequences of redemption and contamination in life narrative and their relation to psychosocial adaptation in midlife adults and in students. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 474–485. doi:10.1177/0146167201274008
32. M.E.McColloughL.M.RootA.D.Cohen (2006). Writing about the benefits of an interpersonal transgression facilitates forgiveness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 887–897. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.887
33. C.McGartyA.PedersenC.W.LeachT.MansellJ.WallerA.-M.Bliuc (2005). Group-based guilt as a predictor of commitment to apology. British Journal of Social Psychology, 44, 659–680. doi:10.1348/014466604X18974
34. A.M.MironN.R.BranscombeM.R.Biernat (2010). Motivated shifting of justice standards. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 768–779. doi:10.1177/0146167210370031
35. A.NadlerI.Liviatan (2006). Intergroup reconciliation: Effects of adversary’s expressions of empathy, responsibility, and recipients’ trust. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 459–470. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.1.116
36. M.NoorR.J.BrownG.Prentice (2008). Precursors and mediators of reconciliation in Northern Ireland: A new model. British Journal of Social Psychology, 47, 481–495. doi:10.1348/014466607X238751
37. M.NoorN.ShnabelS.HalabiA.Nadler (2012). When suffering begets suffering: The psychology of competitive victimhood between adversarial groups in violent conflicts. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16, 351–374. doi: 0.1177/1088868312440048
38. J.PeetzG.R.GunnA.E.Wilson (2010). Crimes of the past: Defensive temporal distancing in the face of past in-group wrongdoing. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 598–611. doi:10.1177/0146167210364850
39. J.W.PennebakerB.L.Banasik (1997). On the creation and maintenance of collective memories: History as social psychology. In J.W.PennebakerD.PaezB.Rimé (Eds.), Collective memories of political events (pp. 3–20). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
40. C.R.PhilpotM.J.Hornsey (2008). What happens when groups say sorry: The effect of intergroup apologies on their recipients. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 474–487. doi:10.1177/0146167207311283
41. K.N.RotellaJ.A.Richeson (2013a). Motivated to “forget”: The effects of ingroup wrongdoing on memory and collective guilt. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4, 732–739. doi:10.1177/1948550613482986
42. K.N.RotellaJ.A.Richeson (2013b). Body of guilt: Using embodied cognition to mitigate backlash to ingroup wrongdoing. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 643–650. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.02.013
43. N.Rouhana. (2004). Group identity and power asymmetry in reconciliation processes: The Israeli–Palestinian case. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 10, 33–52. doi:10.1207/s15327949pac1001_3
44. M.Schulz (2012). Speech by EP President Martin Schulz to commemorate the Marzabotto massacre during WWII. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/former_ep_presidents/president-schulz/en/press/press_release_speeches/press_release/
45. N.ShnabelA.Nadler (2008). A needs-based model of reconciliation: Satisfying the differential emotional needs of victim and perpetrator as a key to promoting reconciliation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 116–132. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.1.116
46. N.ShnabelA.NadlerJ.UllrichJ.F.DovidioD.Carmi (2009). Promoting reconciliation through the satisfaction of the emotional needs of victimized and perpetrating group members: The needs-based model of reconciliation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 1021–1030. doi:10.1177/0146167209336610
47. E.Staub. (2006). Reconciliation after genocide, mass killing, or intractable conflict: Understanding the roots of violence, psychological recovery, and steps toward a general theory. Political Psychology, 27, 867–894. doi:0.1111/j.1467-9221.2006.00541.x
48. H.TajfelJ.C.Turner (1986). The social identity theory of inter-group behavior. In S.WorchelL.W.Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7–24). Chicago, IL: Nelson Hall.
49. T.TamM.HewstoneE.CairnsN.TauschG.MaioJ.Kenworthy (2007). The impact of intergroup emotions on forgiveness in Northern Ireland. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 10, 119–135. doi:10.1177/1368430207071345
50. R.G.TedeschiL.G.Calhoun (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 1–18. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01
51. M.M.TugadeB.L.Fredrickson (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 320–333. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.320
52. J.A.UpdegraffR.C.SilverE.A.Holman (2008). Searching for and finding meaning in collective trauma: Results from a national longitudinal study of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 709–722. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.3.709
53. D.WatsonL.A.ClarkA.Tellegen (1988). Development and validation of brief measure of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
54. M.O.WrightE.CrawfordK.Sebastian (2007). Positive resolution of childhood sexual abuse experiences: The role of coping, benefit finding and meaning-making. Journal of Family Violence, 22, 597–608. doi: 10.1007/s10896-007-9111-1