Antithrombotic therapy in carotid artery stenosis: An update

European Neurology

Volumn 73, Issue 1-2, 2015, Pages 51-56

  Paciaroni, Maurizio ^a   Bogousslavsky, Julien ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PERUGIA   (Italy)

^b Swiss Medical Network   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Antiplatelet; Carotid stenosis; Prevention; Surgery

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; DIPYRIDAMOLE; TRIFLUSAL; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT;

ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; ASYMPTOMATIC DISEASE; BLOOD PRESSURE; CAROTID ARTERY OBSTRUCTION; CAROTID ARTERY STENTING; CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INTRAOPERATIVE PERIOD; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CAROTID STENOSIS; COMPLICATION; STROKE;

CAROTID STENOSIS; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; HUMANS; PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS; STROKE;

EID: 84927909619     PISSN: 00143022     EISSN: 14219913     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000367988     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Paciaroni M, Silvestrelli G, Caso V, Corea F, Venti M, Milia P, Tambasco N, Parnetti L, Gallai V. Neurovascular territory involved in different etiological subtypes of ischemic stroke in the Perugia Stroke Registry. Eur J Neurol 2003; 10: 361-365
2. Bogousslavsky J, Van Melle G, Regli F. The Lausanne Stroke Registry: analysis of 1, 000 consecutive patients with first stroke. Stroke 1988; 19: 1083-1092
3. Wolff T, Guirguis-Blake J, Miller T, Gillespie M, Harris R. Screening for carotid artery stenosis: an update of the evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2007; 147: 860-870
4. De Weerd M, Greving JP, Hedblad B, et al. Prevalence of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in the general population: an individual participant data meta-Analysis. Stroke 2010; 41: 1294-1297
5. Taussky P, Hanel RA, Meyer FB. Clinical considerations in the management of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Neurosurg Focus 2011; 31: E7
6. Mathiesen EB, Joakimsen O, Bonaa KH. Prevalence of and risk factors associated with carotid artery stenosis: the Tromso Study. Cerebrovasc Dis 2001; 12: 44-51
7. Redgrave JN, Rothwell PM. Asymptomatic carotid stenosis: what to do. Curr Opin Neurol 2007; 20: 58-64
8. Ederle J, Brown MM. The evidence for medicine versus surgery for carotid stenosis. Eur J Radiol 2006; 60: 3-7
9. Ricotta JJ, AbuRahma A, Ascher E, Eskandari M, Faries P, Lal BK. Updated Society for Vascular Surgery guidelines for management of extracranial carotid disease. J Vasc Surg 2011; 54: e1-e31
10. Touzé E. Treatment of carotid stenosis. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2012; 10: 734-738
11. Rothwell PM, Eliasziw M, Gutnikov SA, et al. Endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis in relation to clinical subgroups and timing of surgery. Lancet 2004; 363: 915-924
12. Barnett HJ, Taylor DW, Eliasziw M, et al. Benefit of carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic moderate or severe stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1415-1425
13. Shrikhande GV, McKinsey JF. Choosing the appropriate intervention for symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid disease in the era of multiple therapies: integration of risk profile and technical data. Semin Vasc Surg 2011; 24: 53-59
14. Ritter JC, Tyrrell MR. The current management of carotid atherosclerotic disease: who, when and how? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013; 16: 339-346
15. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, LaBree L, et al. Reduction in carotid arterial wall thickness using lovastatin and dietary therapy: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124: 548-556
16. MacMahon S, Sharpe N, Gamble G, et al. Effects of lowering average of below-Average cholesterol levels on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis: results of the LIPID Atherosclerosis Substudy. Circulation 1998; 97: 1784-1790
17. Youssef F, Seifalian AM, Jagroop IA, et al. The early effect of lipid-lowering treatment on carotid and femoral intima media thickness (IMT). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2002; 23: 358-364
18. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group: MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20, 536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebocontrolled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 7-22
19. Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan A III, et al. High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 549-559
20. Rothwell PM, Howard SC, Spence JD. Relationship between blood pressure and stroke risk in patients with symptomatic carotid occlusive disease. Stroke 2003; 34; 2583-2590
21. Antithrombotic Trialists Collaboration: Collaborative meta-Analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002; 324: 71-86
22. O'Donnell MJ, Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW. Antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke: a critical review. Stroke 2008; 39: 1638-1646
23. Markus HS, Groste DW, Kaps M, et al. Dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin in symptomatic carotid stenosis evaluated using Doppler embolic signal detection: the Clopidogrel and Aspirin for Reduction of Emboli in Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis (CARESS) trial. Circulation 2005; 111: 2233-2240
24. Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhao X, Liu L, Wang D, Wang C, Wang C, Li H, Meng X, Cui L, Jia J, Dong Q, Xu A, Zeng J, Li Y, Wang Z, Xia H, Johnston SC. Clopidogrel with aspirin in acute minor stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 11-19
25. Mohr JP, Thompson JL, Lazar RM, Levin B, Sacco RL, Furie KL, et al. A comparison of warfarin and aspirin for the prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1444-1451
26. Halkes PH, van Gijn J, Kappelle LJ, Koudstaal PJ, Algra A. Medium intensity oral anticoagulants versus aspirin after cerebral ischemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6: 115-124
27. Abbott AL. Medical (nonsurgical) intervention alone is now best for prevention of stroke associated with asymptomatic severe carotid stenosis: results of a systematic review and analysis. Stroke 2009; 40: e573-e583
28. Cote R, Battista RN, Abrahamowicz M, et al. Lack of effect of aspirin in asymptomatic patients with carotid bruits and substantial carotid narrowing. The Asymptomatic Cervical Bruit Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123: 649-655
29. Patrono C, Garcia Rodriguez LA, Landolfi R, Baigent C. Low-dose aspirin for the prevention of atherothrombosis. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2373-2383
30. Wolff T, Miller T, Ko S. Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events: an update of the evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2009; 150: 405-410
31. Goldstein LB, Bushnell CD, Adams RJ, Appel LJ, Braun LT, Chaturvedi S, Creager MA, Culebras A, Eckel RH, Hart RG, Hinchey JA, Howard VJ, Jauch EC, Levine SR, Meschia JF, Moore WS, Nixon JV, Pearson TA. Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2011; 42: 517-584
32. Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Hacke W, et al. Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1706-1717
33. Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy-I. prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. BMJ 1994; 308: 81-106
34. Barnett HJ, Eliasziw M, Meldrum HE. Drugs and surgery in the prevention of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 238-248
35. Taylor DW, Barnett HJM, Haynes RB, Ferguson GG, Sackett DL, Thorpe KE, et al. Lowdose and high-dose acetylsalicylic acid for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy: a randomised controlled trial. ASA and Carotid Endarterectomy (ACE) Trial Collaborators. Lancet 1999; 353: 2179-2184
36. Merritt JC, Bhatt DL. The efficacy and safety of perioperative antiplatelet therapy. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2004; 17: 21-27
37. McKinsey JF. Symptomatic carotid stenosis: endarterectomy, stenting, or best medical management? Semin Vasc Surg 2008; 21: 108-114
38. Payne DA, Jones CI, Hayes PD, Thompson MM, London NJ, Bell PR, Goodall AH, Naylor AR. Beneficial effects of clopidogrel combined with aspirin in reducing cerebral emboli in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Circulation 2004; 109: 1476-1481
39. Eikelboom JW, Hirsh J. Bleeding and management of bleeding. Eur Heart J Suppl 2006; 8(suppl G): G38-G45
40. Diener HC, Bogousslavsky J, Brass LM, Cimminiello C, Csiba L, Kaste M, et al; MATCH Investigators: Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 364: 331-337
41. McKevitt FM, Randall MS, Cleveland TJ, Gaines PA, Tan KT, Venables GS. The benefits of combined anti-platelet treatment in carotid artery stenting. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005; 29: 522-527
42. Ederle J, Dobson J, Featherstone RL, et al. Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010; 375: 985-997
43. Mas JL, Chatellier G, Beyssen B, et al. Endarterectomy versus stenting in patients with symptomatic severe carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 1660-1671
44. Brott TG, Hobson RW, Howard G, et al. Stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid-Artery stenosis. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 11-23
45. Lovrencic-Huzjan A, Rundek T, Katsnelson M. Recommendations for management of patients with carotid stenosis. Stroke Res Treat 2012; 2012: 175869
46. Chaturvedi S, Yadav JS. The role of antiplatelet therapy in carotid stenting for ischemic stroke prevention. Stroke 2006; 37: 1572-1577