Taking time seriously: A call to action in mental health research

Journal of Health and Social Behavior

Volumn 55, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 251-264

  George, Linda K ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Age period cohort; Life course; Social risk factors; Stress process theory

Indexed keywords

HUMAN; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MENTAL DISEASE; RESEARCH; SOCIOLOGY;

BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; HUMANS; MENTAL DISORDERS; RESEARCH; SOCIOLOGY;

EID: 84927761545     PISSN: 00221465     EISSN: 21506000     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022146514542434     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Avison, William R. and R. Jay Turner. 1988. "Stressful Life Events and Depressive Symptoms: Disaggregating the Effects of Acute Stressors and Chronic Strains. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 29(3):253-64.
2. Bailey, Donald B., Jr., John T. Bruer, Frank J. Symons, and Jeff W. Lichtman. 2001. Critical Thinking about Critical Periods. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing.
3. Ball, Justine F. 1976. "Widow's Grief: The Impact of Age and Mode of Death. " Omega-Journal of Death and Dying 7(4):307-33.
4. Barrett, Anne E. 2000. "Marital Trajectories and Mental Health. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 41(4):451-64.
5. Blazer, Dan G., Bruce Burchett, Connie Service, and Linda K. George. 1991. "The Association of Age and Depression among the Elderly: An Epidemiologic Exploration. " Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences 46(6):M210-5.
6. Blazer, Dan G., Dana C. Hughes, and Linda K. George. 1987. "The Epidemiology of Depression in an Elderly Community Population. " The Gerontologist 27(3):281-7.
7. Bosworth, Hayden B., Douglas R. McQuoid, Linda K. George, and David C. Steffens. 2002. "Time-toremission from Geriatric Depression. " American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 10(5):551-9.
8. Breslau, Joshua, Michael Lane, Nancy Sampson, and Ronald C. Kessler. 2008. "Mental Disorders and Subsequent Educational Attainment in a U. S. National Sample. " Journal of Psychiatric Research 42(9):708-16.
9. Burke, Kristie C., Jack E. Burke, Donald S. Rae, and Darrel A. Regier. 1991. "Comparing Age of Onset of Major Depression and Other Psychiatric Disorders by Birth Cohorts in Five U. S. Community Populations. " Archives of General Psychiatry 48(9):789-95.
10. Collishaw, Stephan, Barbara Maughan, Robert Goodman, and Andrew Pickles. 2004. "Time Trends in Adolescent Mental Health. " Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 45(8):1350-62.
11. Cowgill, David and Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke. 2012. "Annual Research Review: Categories Versus Dimensions in the Classification and Conceptualisation of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders-Implications of Recent Empirical Study. " Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 53(5):469-89.
12. Cronkite, Ruth C. and Rudolf H. Moos. 1984. "The Role of Predisposing and Moderating Factors in the Stress-illness Relationship. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 25(4):372-93.
13. Daouli, Joan, Apostolos Divallis, Michael Demoussis, and Nicholas Giannakopoulos. 2014. "Obesity Persistence and Duration Dependence: Evidence from a Cohort of U. S. Adults, 1985-2010. " Economics & Human Biology 12(1):30-44.
14. Elder, Glen H., Jr. 1974. Children of the Great Depression. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
15. Elder, Glen H., Jr., Michael J. Shanahan, and Elizabeth C. Clipp. 1994. "When War Comes to Men's Lives: Life-course Patterns in Family, Work, and Health. " Psychology and Aging 9(1):5-16.
16. Evans, Gary W. and Pilyoung Kim. 2007. "Childhood Poverty and Health Cumulative Risk Exposure and Stress Dysregulation. " Psychological Science 18(11):953-7.
17. Fenton, Wayne S., Crystal R. Blyler, and Robert K. Heinssen. 1997. "Determinants of Medication Compliance in Schizophrenia: Empirical and Clinical Findings. " Schizophrenia Bulletin 23(4):637-51.
18. Forthofer, Melinda S., Ronald C. Kessler, Amber L. Story, and Ian H. Gottlib. 1996. "The Effects of Psychiatric Disorders on the Probability and Timing of First Marriage. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 37(2):121-32.
19. Galea, Sandro, Chris R. Brewin, Michael Gruber, Russell T. Jones, Daniel W. King, Lynda A. King, Richard J. McNally, Robert J. Ursano, Maria Petukhova, and Ronald C. Kessler. 2007. "Exposure to Hurricane-related Stressors and Mental Illness after Hurricane Katrina. " Archives of General Psychiatry 64(12):1427-34.
20. George, Linda K. 2003. "Life Course Research: Achievements and Potential. " Pp. 671-80 in Handbook of the Life Course, edited by J. T. Mortimer and M. J. Shanahan. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
21. George, Linda K. 2013. "Life Course Perspectives on Mental Health. " Pp. 585-602 in Handbook of the Sociology of Mental Health (2nd ed.), edited by C. Aneshensel, J. Phelan, and A. Bierman. San Diego: Academic Press.
22. George, Linda K. and Scott M. Lynch. 2003. "Race Differences in Depressive Symptoms: A Dynamic Perspective on Stress Exposure and Vulnerability. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 44(3):353-69.
23. Godin, Isabelle, France Kittel, Yves Coppieters, and Johannes Siegrist. 2005. "A Prospective Study of Cumulative Job Stress in Relation to Mental Health. " BMC Public Health 67:5.
24. Goldman-Mellor, Sidra J., Katherine B. Saxton, and Ralph C. Catalano. 2010. "Economic Contraction and Mental Health. " International Journal of Mental Health 39(2):6-31.
25. Goosby, Bridget J. 2013. "Early Life Course Pathways of Adult Depression and Chronic Pain. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 54(1):75-91.
26. Gordon, I. R. and I. Molho. 1995. "Duration Dependence in Migration Behaviour: Cumulative Inertia versus Stochastic Change. " Environment and Planning 27(12):1961-75.
27. Hadley, John and Timothy Waidmann. 2006. "Health Insurance and Health at Age 65: Implications for Medical Care Spending on New Medicare Beneficiaries. " Health Services Research 41(2):429-51.
28. Harrington, Richard, Hazel Fudge, Michael Rutter, Andrew Pickles, and Jonathan Hill. 1990. "Adult Outcomes of Childhood and Adolescent Depression: I. Psychiatric Status. " Archives of General Psychiatry 47(5):465-73.
29. Hastings, Thomas J. 1991. "The Stanford-Terman Study Revisited: Postwar Emotional Health of World War II Veterans. " Military Psychology 3(4):201-4.
30. Huffine, Carol L. and John A. Clausen. 1979. "Madness and Work: Short-and Long-term Effects of Mental Illness on Occupational Careers. " Social Forces 57(4):1049-62.
31. Kessler, Ronald C. 2002. "The Categorical Versus Dimensional Assessment Controversy in the Sociology of Mental Illness. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 43(2):171-88.
32. Kessler, Ronald C., Patricia Berglund, Olga Demier, Robert Jin, Kathleen R. Merikangas, and Ellen E. Walters. 2005. "Lifetime Prevalence and Ageof-onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Cormorbidity Survey Replication. " Archives of General Psychiatry 62(6):593-602.
33. Kessler, Ronald C., Howard Birnbaum, Evelyn Bromet, Irving Hwang, Nancy Sampson, and Victoria Shahly. 2010a. "Age Differences in Major Depression: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). " Psychological Medicine 40(2):225-37.
34. Kessler, Ronald C., Howard Birnbaum, Victoria Shahly, Evelyn Bromet, Irving Hwang, Katie A. McLaughlin, Nancy Sampson, Laura Helena Andrade, Giovanni de Girolamo, and Koen Demyttenaere. 2010b. "Age Differences in the Prevalence and Co-morbidity of DSM-IV Major Depressive Episodes: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative. " Depression and Anxiety 27(4):351-64.
35. Kessler, Ronald C., Cindy Foster, Pamela S. Webster, and James S. House. 1992. "The Relationship between Age and Depressive Symptoms in Two National Surveys. " Psychology and Aging 7(1):119-26.
36. Klerman, Gerald L. and Myna M. Weissman. 1989. "Increasing Rates of Depression. " Journal of the American Medical Association 261(15):2229-36.
37. Koenig, Harold G., Dana E. King, and Verna Benner Carson. 2012. Handbook of Religion and Health (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
38. La Pierre, Tracy A. 2009. "Marital Status and Depressive Symptoms over Time: Age and Gender Variations. " Family Relations 56(4):404-16.
39. Lewinsohn, Peter M., Paul Rohde, John R. Seeley, and Scott A. Fischer. 1993. "Age-cohort Changes in the Lifetime Occurrence of Depression and Other Mental Disorders. " Journal of Abnormal Psychology 102(1):110-20.
40. Lynch, Scott M. and Linda K. George. 2002. "Interlocking Trajectories of Loss-related Events and Depressive Symptoms among Elders. " Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 57(2):S117-23.
41. Marcotte, Dave E. and Virginia Wilcox-Gok. 2001. "Estimating the Employment and Earnings Costs of Mental Illness: Recent Developments in the United States. " Social Science & Medicine 53(1):21-7.
42. McLaughlin, Katie A., Patricia Berglund, Michael J. Gruber, Ronald C. Kessler, Nancy Sampson, and Alan M. Zaslavsky. 2011. "Recovery from PTSD Following Hurricane Katrina. " Depression and Anxiety 28(6):439-46.
43. McLeod, Jane D. and Danielle L. Fettes. 2007. "Trajectories of Failure: The Educational Careers of Children with Mental Health Problems. " American Journal of Sociology 113(3):653-701.
44. McLeod, Jane D., Ronald C. Kessler, and Karl R. Landis. 1992. "Speed of Recovery from Major Depressive Episodes in a Community Sample of Married Men and Women. " Journal of Abnormal Psychology 101(2):277-86.
45. McLeod, Jane D. and Michael J. Shanahan. 1996. "Trajectories of Poverty and Children's Mental Health. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 37(3):307-220.
46. McWilliams, J. Michael, Ellen Meara, Alan M. Zaslavsky, and John Z. Ayanian. 2007. "Use of Health Services by Previously Uninsured Medicare Beneficiaries. " New England Journal of Medicine 357(2):143-53.
47. Mills, C. Wright. 1959. The Sociological Imagination. New York: Oxford University Press.
48. Mirowsky, John and Catherine E. Ross. 1989. "Psychiatric Diagnosis as Reified Measurement. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 30(1):11-25.
49. Mirowsky, John and Catherine E. Ross. 1992. "Age and Depression. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 33(3):187-205.
50. Neria, Yuval, Priya Wickramaratne, Mark Olfson, Marc J. Gameroff, Daniel J. Pilowsky, Rafael Lantigus, Steven Shea, and Myrna M. Weissman. 2013. "Mental and Physical Health Consequences of the September 11, 2001 (9/11) Attacks in Primary Care: A Longitudinal Study. " Journal of Traumatic Stress 26(1):45-55.
51. Noh, Samuel and William R. Avison. 1996. "Asian Immigrants and the Stress Process: A Study of Koreans in Canada. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 37(2):192-206.
52. Paxson, Christine, Elizabeth Fussell, Jean Rhodes, and Mary Waters. 2012. "Five Years Later: Recovery from Post-traumatic Stress and Psychological Distress among Low Income Mothers Affected by Hurricane Katrina. " Social Science & Medicine 74(2):150-7.
53. Pearlin, Leonard I., Elizabeth I. Menaghan, Morton A. Lieberman, and Joseph T. Mullan. 1981. "The Stress Process. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 22(3):337-56.
54. Pearlin, Leonard I., Scott Schieman, Elena M. Fazio, and Stephen C. Meersman. 2005. "Stress, Health, and the Life Course: Some Conceptual Perspectives. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 46(2):205-19.
55. Roberts, Robert E., Eun Sul Lee, and Catherine Ramsay Roberts. 1991. "Changes in Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in Alameda County: Age, Period, and Cohort Trends. " Journal of Aging and Health 3(3):66-86.
56. Sacker, Amanda and Richard D. Wiggins. 2002. "Age-period-cohort Effects on Inequalities in Psychological Distress, 1981-2000. " Psychological Medicine 32(6):977-990.
57. Schieman, Scott, Karen Van Gundy, and John Taylor. 2001. "Status, Role, and Resource Explanations for Age Patterns in Psychological Distress. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 42(2):80-96.
58. Schieman, Scott, Karen Van Gundy, and John Taylor. 2002. "The Relationship Between Age and Depressive Symptoms: A Test of Competing Explanatory and Suppression Influences. " Journal of Aging and Health 14(2):260-85.
59. Schnittker, Jason. 2012. "The Proximity of Common Unhappiness and Misery. " Society and Mental Health 2(3):135-53.
60. Silver, Roxanne C., E. Alison Homan, Judith P. Andersen, Michael Poulin, Daniel N. McIntosh, and Virginia Gil-Rivas. 2013. "Mental-and Physicalhealth Effects of Acute Exposure to Media Images of the September 11, 2001 Attacks and the Iraq War. " Psychological Science 24(9):1623-34.
61. Smits, Luc, Lydia Krabbendam, Rob de Bie, Gerard Essed, and Jim van Os. 2006. "Lower Birth Weight of Dutch Neonates Who Were In Utero at the Time of the 9/11 Attacks. " Journal of Psychosomatic Research 61(5):715-7.
62. Steffens, David C., Carl F. Pieper, Hayden B. Bosworth, James R. MacFall, John M. Provenzale, Martha J. Payne, Bernard J. Carroll, Linda K. George, and K. Ranga R. Krishnan. 2005. "Biological and Social Predictors of Long-term Geriatric Depression Outcome. " International Psychogeriatrics 17(1):41-56.
63. Trappler, Brian, Carl I. Cohen, and Rajeshree Tulloo. 2007. "Impact of Early Lifetime Trauma in Later Life: Depression among Holocaust Survivors 60 Years after the Liberation of Auschwitz. " American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 15(1):79-83.
64. Turnbull, Joanne E., Linda K. George, Richard Landerman, Marvin S. Swartz, and Dan G. Blazer. 1990. "Social Outcomes Related to Age of Onset among Psychiatric Disorders. " Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 58(6):832-9.
65. Turner, R. Jay and Morton Beiser. 1990. "Major Depression and Depressive Symptomatology among the Physically Disabled: Assessing the Role of Chronic Stress. " Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 178(6):343-50.
66. Turner, R. Jay, Blair Wheaton, and Donald A. Lloyd. 1995. "The Epidemiology of Social Stress. " American Sociological Review 60(1):104-25.
67. Tweed, Dan L. and Linda K. George. 1989. "Toward a More Balanced Perspective on 'Psychiatric Diagnosis as Reified Measurement. '" Journal of Health and Social Behavior 30(1):35-7.
68. U. S Census Bureau. 2012. "Figure 1. Median Age at First Marriage by Sex: 1890 to 2010. " Washington, DC: U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved August 4, 2013 (http://www. census. gov/hhes/socdemo/marriage/ data/acs/Elliottetal PAA2012figs.pdf).
69. van den Berg, Gerard J. and Jan C. van Ours. 1996. "Unemployment Dynamics and Duration Dependence. " Journal of Labor Economics 14(1):100-26.
70. Wade, Terrance J. and John Cairney. 1997. "Age and Depression in a Nationally Representative Sample of Canadians: A Preliminary Look at the National Population Health Survey. " Canadian Journal of Public Health 88(5):297-302.
71. Wade, Terrance J. and David J. Pevalin. 2004. "Marital Transitions and Mental Health. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 45(2):155-70.
72. Walkup, James and Sally K. Gallagher. 1999. "Schizophrenia and the Life Course: National Findings on Gender Differences in Disability and Service Use. " International Journal of Aging and Human Development 49(1):79-105.
73. Walsemann, Katrina M., Gilbert C. Gee, and Arline T. Geronimus. 2010. "Ethnic Differences in Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms: Disadvantage in Family Background, High School Experiences, and Adult Characteristics. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 50(1):82-98.
74. Wheaton, Blair. 2001. "The Role of Sociology in the Study of Mental Health . . . and the Role of Mental Health in the Study of Sociology. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 42(3):221-34.
75. Woodward, Lianne J. and David M. Fergusson. 2001. "Life Course Outcomes of Young People with Anxiety Disorders in Adolescence. " Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 40(4):1086-93.
76. Yang, Yang. 2007. "Is Old Age Depressing? Growth Trajectories and Cohort Variations in Late-life Depression. " Journal of Health and Social Behavior 48(1):16-32.